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1.
José Manuel Guerra-García Ismael Hachero-Cruzado Pablo González-Romero Pablo Jiménez-Prada Christopher Cassell Macarena Ros 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
The search for alternative live feed organisms and the progression of Integrative Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) are currently being highly prioritised in EU strategies. Caprellids could potentially be an important exploitable resource in aquaculture due to their high levels of beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids, fast growing nature and widespread distribution. Furthermore, since they are mainly detritivorous, they could be excellent candidates for integration into IMTA systems, potentially benefitting from uneaten feed pellets and faeces released by cultured fish in fish farms and sea-cage structures. Despite this, there is a lack of experimental studies to: (i) test inexpensive diets for caprellids, such as detritus, (ii) develop sustainable caprellid culture techniques and (iii) include caprellids in IMTA systems. The main aim of this study was to determine whether detritus (D) in the form of fish faeces provided an adequate diet for caprellids in comparison to other traditional diets, such as Artemia nauplii (A) or phytoplankton (P). Adult survival rate was shown to be significantly higher for caprellids fed with D. Conversely, hatchlings had the highest survival rate with A, although the juvenile growth rate and number of moults was similar in the three diets. With regard to lipid composition, caprellids fed with A had higher concentrations of Triacylglycerols (TAG) and Phosphatidylcholine (PC) while those fed with P or D were richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially 22:6(n-3) (DHA). Interestingly, caprellids fed with D were also a rich source of 18:2(n-6) (LA), considered to be an essential fatty acid in vertebrates. It was found that detritus based mainly on fish faeces and uneaten feed pellets can be considered an adequate feed for adult caprellids, providing a source of both omega-3 (DHA) and omega-6 (LA) fatty acids. Hatchlings however seem to require an additional input of TAG and PC during juvenile stages to properly grow. 相似文献
2.
This is the first study of caprellid amphipods from the coast of Papua New Guinea. Several collections from Madang Lagoon
(north) and Bootless Bay (south) have been studied. Seven species in seven genera are recorded, of which Pseudoproto papua sp. nov. is described as new to science. The genus Pseudoproto Mayer, 1903 has consisted, so far, of only one species, Pseudoproto fallax Mayer, 1903. Although only a single male has been found of Pseudoproto papua sp. nov., differences in antennae, mouthparts, gnathopod 2 and pereopods 3 and 4 have revealed that it represents a new species
of Pseudoproto. Lateral view figures of all species, together with a key to species level for the Caprellidea from Papua New Guinea are
also included.
Communicated by H.-D. Franke 相似文献
3.
Australian species of the iphimediid amphipod genus Iphimedia are revised. Based on new material from inshore and continental shelf habitats six new species are described: Iphimedia beesleyae; I. filmersankeyi; I. kateae; I. lisae; I. neuweileri and I. oetkeri. Four established species are redescribed: I. ambigua Haswell, 1879; I. discreta Stebbing, 1910; I. edgari (Moore, 1981) and I. warraina (Thomas and Barnard, 1991). A key to Australian species of Iphimedia is provided. Full article published online at http://www.senckenberg.de/odes/06-09.htm 相似文献
4.
P. Rabindranath 《Hydrobiologia》1971,38(3-4):521-539
Summary 4 species of gammaridean amphipods belonging to the family Haustoriidae are described from the southern Indian region. One among these, namely Urothoe platydactyla, is considered new.
Zusammenfassung Es werden 4 gammaride Amphipoden aus der Familie Haustoriidae beschrieben, lebend im Süden Indiens. Die Art Urothoe platydactyla wird als neu bezeignet.相似文献
5.
The behaviour of Corophium volutator (Pallas) is outlined. Swimming, crawling, burrowing and feeding activities are described in detail. Animals usually swim on their backs. Every few seconds, swimming alternates with passive sinking. Animals can crawl over surfaces in and out of water. Out of water they do so by a looping motion using their second antennae and telson. When out of water animals crawl away from light and down slopes. In water they swim towards light. Burrowing is initiated by rapid beating of the pleopods; the animal then sinks below the surface by a concerted action of pereiopods, pleopods, telson, uropods and second antennae; within a few minutes, a shallow burrow is formed. The formation of permanent burrows is dependant on particle size, on adhesive properties of detritus and primary films on sand particles, and on a secretion produced by the animal itself. Individuals can turn about in permanent burrows. The species is essentially a detritus feeder. Animals normally feed only when in their burrows, by using their second antennae to scrape material from the substrate surface into the entrance of the burrow. This material is then transported to the mouth by the feeding appendages and respiratory current. The behaviour of small and large animals differs; small animals burrow rapidly and permanently, and do not emerge spontaneously; furthermore, they only swim occasionally. Large animals swim more frequently, spend more time on the substrate surface, and periodically move burrows. It is suggested that new habitats are colonized by large animals which have already bred once. 相似文献
6.
Two new species of hyalellid amphipods, Hyalella crawfordi and H. gauthieri, are described from Lake Titicaca; H. echinus (Faxon, 1876) is redescribed. The H. echinus group of species is newly proposed for these three species, and a group diagnosis is provided. A key to the three species in the group is provided Full article published online at http://www.senckenberg.de/odes/06-10.htm. 相似文献
7.
José Guerra-García 《Helgoland Marine Research》2001,55(3):212-220
A new caprellid species, Caprellinoides singularis, is described and illustrated based on the material collected on the Polarstern Cruise ANT XVII/3 from the Branfield Strait. The most striking characteristic of this species is the presence of bilobed
gills on pereonites 3 and 4. The genus Caprellinoides is revised. Caprellinoides antarctica Schellengerg, 1926 and Caprellinoides spinosus Barnard, 1930 are considered junior synonyms of Caprellinoides tristanensis Stebbing, 1888 and Caprellinoides mayeri (Pfeffer, 1888), respectively. The new species, C. singularis, is compared with the remaining species in the genus Caprellinoides: C. tristanensis and C. mayeri, which are illustrated in detail.
Received in revised form: 4 June 2001
Electronic Publication 相似文献
8.
A. F. Lop 《Genetica》1989,79(1):37-43
The chromosome number and karyological features of Iberian populations of seven species of the Echinogammarus berilloni-group (Crustacea, Amphipoda) have been studied. For comparison, Gammarus gauthieri, belonging to the G. pulex-group was also studied. Four species of the berilloni-group share the same number n=27. Other numbers found were n=25, n=26 and n=28. The chromosomes of these species have a centromeric region surrounded by large heterochromatic blocks at late prophase. There-after, the centromere splits precociously.C. gauthieri has n=26, the same number found in the pulex-group. This species has larger chromosomes than the former but it does not show these karyological peculiarities.Cytological observations confirm both the close relationship among species of the berilloni-group and the differentiation with respect to the pulex-group. On the other hand, the existence of different numbers confirms other results that reject the older idea that speciation within Gammaridea occurred with minor changes in karyotypic characters. 相似文献
9.
10.
MacNeil C Fielding NJ Hume KD Dick JT Elwood RW Hatcher MJ Dunn AM 《International journal for parasitology》2003,33(1):57-64
In a river survey, Gammarus pulex amphipods both unparasitised and parasitised with the acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus truttae were distributed similarly with respect to flow regimen, tending to be more abundant in faster, shallower, riffle patches. However, there was a higher prevalence of parasitism in faster, shallower areas than in slower, deeper areas and abundance correlated with macrophyte coverage for unparasitised but not parasitised amphipods, indicating subtle differences in habitat usage. A laboratory 'patch' simulation indicated that parasitism influenced micro-distribution. There were higher proportions of unparasitised amphipods in/under stone substrates and within weed. In contrast, there were higher proportions of parasitised amphipods in the water column and at the water surface. As the experiment progressed, unparasitised but not parasitised amphipod habitat usage shifted from those micro-habitats above the substrate and in the water column to those in/under the substrates. Experiments also demonstrated that parasitised amphipods were more active and had a greater preference for illumination. Previous studies of the effects of acanthocephalan parasitism of amphipod hosts have focussed on how drift behaviour is altered, now we show that subtle differences in micro-habitat usage could translate to greatly increased vulnerability to fish predation. We discuss how aggregation of parasitised individuals within specific habitats could promote parasite transmission. 相似文献
11.
12.
Ch. O. Coleman 《Polar Biology》1989,9(5):287-294
Summary Two species of Antarctic acanthonotozomatid amphipods (Echiniphimedia hodgsoni and Maxilliphimedia longipes) have been investigated in regard to their food preference. Examinations of food remains in foreguts and midguts indicate that Echiniphimedia hodgsoni feeds on sponges and Maxilliphimedia longipes ingests Cnidaria. These foregut analyses are supported by a study of the functional morphology of the mouthparts. The structure of the mandibles in particular can be interpreted as an adaptation to the presumed food source. The right mandible of Echiniphimedia hodgsoni bears a lacinia mobilis which works as an additional cutting edge. By means of this cutting mechanism Echiniphimedia hodgsoni should be able to bite out tough sponge material. The mandibular endites of Maxilliphimedia longipes are medially excavated, the incisors are regulary toothed and the molars vestigial. Such kinds of mandibles are adapted to cut large fragments of soft food, i.e. the mucous tissue of Cnidaria. 相似文献
13.
A. R. González J. M. Guerra-García M. J. Maestre A. Ruiz-Tabares F. Espinosa I. Gordillo J. E. Sánchez-Moyano J. C. García-Gómez 《Helgoland Marine Research》2008,62(3):189-199
The community structure of caprellids inhabiting two species of seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera marina) was investigated on the Andalusian coast, southern Spain, using uni and multivariate analyses. Three meadows were selected
(Almería, AL; Málaga, MA; Cádiz, CA), and changes in seagrass cover and biomass were measured from 2004 to 2005. Four caprellid
species were found; the density of Caprella acanthifera, Phtisica marina and Pseudoprotella phasma was correlated to seagrass biomass. No such correlation was found for Pariambus typicus, probably because this species inhabits sediments and does not cling to the seagrass leaves. We recorded a significant decrease
in seagrass cover and biomass in MA due to illegal bottom trawling fisheries. Phtisica marina and P. typicus were favoured by this perturbation and increased their densities after the trawling activities. A survey of reports on caprellids
in seagrass meadows around the world showed no clear latitudinal patterns in caprellid densities (ranging from 6 to 1,000 ind/m2 per meadow) and species diversity. While caprellid abundances in seagrass meadows are often very high, the number of species
per meadow is low (range 1–5). 相似文献
14.
This study examines the cannibalistic behaviour of the freshwater amphipods Gammarus duebeni celticus Stock & Pinkster, 1970 and G. pulex (L., 1758). In the first experiment, interactions were staged among all combinations of single adult males, single adult females, adults in the precopulatory mate-guarding phase and juveniles. Cannibalism by inter-moult individuals on newly moulted conspecifics occurred in all interaction categories in both species. Gammarus d. celticus , however, were significantly more cannibalistic than G. pulex. Cannibalism between and within sex and size categories (males > females > juveniles) was facilitated by the vulnerability of individuals at moult. Individuals of smaller size categories, however, did not cannibalize newly moulted conspecifics of larger size categories. Males were less cannibalistic on newly moulted females than on newly moulted males and juveniles and, when in the precopulatory condition, appeared to defend females from cannibalistic attacks. In a second experiment, stream conditions were simulated in the laboratory and replicated populations monitored for nine weeks. High levels of cannibalism, and the species and sex differences in cannibalism identified in the first experiment, were confirmed under these heterogeneous conditions. Cannibalism by males on their newly moulted female mating partners, termed 'reversed' sexual cannibalism, was further investigated. When males were deprived of foraging opportunities, cannibalism of precopulatory partners was significantly more frequent. The occurrence of 'reversed' sexual cannibalism is thus interpreted as a conflict between motivation to feed and motivation to mate. 相似文献
15.
Hyalella faxoni Stebbing, 1903 from Costa Rica is redescribed. The species was previously in the synonymy of Hyalella azteca (Saussure, 1858). The morphological differences between these two species are discussed. 相似文献
16.
The digestive tract of the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca is a straight but differentiated tube consisting of foregut, midgut, and hindgut divisions. The foregut is subdivided into a tubular esophagus, a cardiac stomach, and a pyloric stomach. The cuticular lining of the cardiac stomach is elaborated into a set of food-crushing plates and ossicles, the gastric mill, while the pyloric cuticle forms a complex straining and pressing mechanism. Nine caeca arise from the midgut, seven anteriorly and two posteriorly. Four of the anterior caeca, the hepatopancreatic caeca, are believed to be the primary sites of digestion and absorption. The remaining caeca may be absorptive, secretory, or both. The much-folded hindgut wall is capable of great distention by extrinsic muscle action for water intake to aid in flushing fecal material out of the anus; such action also may stimulate antiperistalsis by intrinsic rectal muscles. 相似文献
17.
A terrestrial talitrid crustacean is recorded for the first time from subantarctic Macquarie Island. The species, Puhuruhuru patersoni, is native to the southern part of the South Island of New Zealand. Its distribution on Macquarie Is. is restricted to a single locality near the ANARE station on the Isthmus. All mature females collected in December were carrying eggs; females appeared to be less mobile than males. It seems likely that the species has been transported accidentally from New Zealand, perhaps by the same means that introduced the isopod, Styloniscus otakensis, also from southern New Zealand. 相似文献
18.
19.
Using a standard cytochrome c oxidase I sequence, DNA barcoding has been shown to be effective to distinguish known species and to discover cryptic species. Here we assessed the efficiency of DNA barcoding for the amphipod genus Gammarus from China. The maximum intraspecific divergence for widespread species, Gammarus lacustris, was 3.5%, and mean interspecific divergence reached 21.9%. We presented a conservative benchmark for determining provisional species using maximum intraspecific divergence of Gammarus lacustris. Thirty-one species possessed distinct barcode clusters. Two species were comprised of highly divergent clades with strong neighbor-joining bootstrap values, and likely indicated the presence of cryptic species. Although DNA barcoding is effective, future identification of species of Gammarus should incorporate DNA barcoding and morphological detection[Current Zoology 55(2):158-164,2009]. 相似文献
20.
-A new species of anisogammarid amphipod, Jesogammarus (Jesogammarus) mikadoi sp. nov., is described from freshwater habitats in northern Honshu, Japan. The species is distinguished from its congeners by having dorsal setae on pereonites 5-7 and pleonites 1-3. 相似文献