人骨髓基质细胞中糖基化磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶DcDNA的克隆

为探讨人糖基化磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶D(GPI PLD)cDNA的结构及功能 ,应用RT PCR从人骨髓基质细胞中克隆了长约 2 6kb的GPI PLDcDNA ,包含完整阅读框架 ,编码 2 3个氨基酸的信号肽及 817个氨基酸的成熟肽 .该cDNA与人胰腺GPI PLDcDNA几乎百分之百同源 ,与人肝脏GPI PLDcDNA同源性为 95 %,氨基酸同源性为 94 %,3者对应的结构基因只有 1个 ,位于人类第 6号染色体上 ,基因组序列长约 80kb ,包括 2 5个外显子 .构建克隆的GPI PLDcDNA的真核表达载体 ,通过脂质体转染能表达GPI锚定的胎盘型碱性磷酸酶 (PLAP)而无GPI PLD活性的G9细胞 ,同时设立对照组检测GPI PLDcDNA的功能 .结果显示 ,对照组细胞几乎检测不到GPI PLD活性 ,其表达的PLAP主要位于细胞膜上 ;而转染GPI PLDcDNA的G9细胞能检测到较高水平的GPI PLD活性 ,而且大部分酶活性存在于培养液中 ,其表达的PLAP也主要被释放入培养液 .结果证实 ,从人骨髓基质细胞中克隆的GPI PLDcDNA有生物学功能 ,它能释放细胞膜上GPI锚定蛋白质 .     

Evidences of Early Senescence in Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Background

In multiple myeloma, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells support myeloma cell growth. Previous studies have suggested that direct and indirect interactions between malignant cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells result in constitutive abnormalities in the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.

Design and Methods

The aims of this study were to investigate the constitutive abnormalities in myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and to evaluate the impact of new treatments.

Results

We demonstrated that myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells have an increased expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, increased cell size, reduced proliferation capacity and characteristic expression of senescence-associated secretory profile members. We also observed a reduction in osteoblastogenic capacity and immunomodulatory activity and an increase in hematopoietic support capacity. Finally, we determined that current treatments were able to partially reduce some abnormalities in secreted factors, proliferation and osteoblastogenesis.

Conclusions

We showed that myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells have an early senescent profile with profound alterations in their characteristics. This senescent state most likely participates in disease progression and relapse by altering the tumor microenvironment.     

骨髓来源的间充质干细胞分化能力的鉴定

本文研究了人骨髓来源的间充质干细胞(MSCs)的成骨及成脂分化的潜能.通过加入诱导成骨的诱导剂,人的MSCs出现成骨分化的机箱,通过碱性磷酸酶活性测定,茜素红染色及主要调控基因BMP2和Runx2的表达,确定了MSCs具有成骨分化的潜能.对于成脂分化,通过油红O染色,及主要标志基因PPARγ的表达确定其具有成脂分化的潜能.所以,从骨髓分离的到的MSCs纯度达到标准,并且具有成骨成脂分化的多向潜能,是一种理想的实验模型细胞.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞培养方法

骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)是一种多潜能的成体干细胞,在细胞治疗和组织工程上具有广阔的应用前景。对供体年龄、分离方法、培养密度、培养基和培养基质表面性质对细胞增殖的影响进行了比较,重点阐述了用人自体血清结合多种细胞因子,替代胎牛血清培养BMMSCs的效果,转染端粒酶基因的BMMSCs的增殖能力和分化潜能,以及灌注培养反应器用于大规模培养的技术进展。     

人骨髓基质细胞体外分离及定向培养内皮细胞

用Ficoll(比重1.077 g/ml)从正常成人骨髓中分离骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs),DMEM-HG 培养基内含20?S、GM-CSF(100 u/ml)、VEGF(10 ng/ml)、FGF(5 ng/ml)、L-谷氨酰胺(2mmol/ L)、肝素(90 u/ml),以及抗生素液进行定向培养和扩增其中的内皮细胞(ECs),Ⅷ因子相关抗原的免疫组化法和透射电镜观察(TEM)鉴定其细胞的性质。结果5.0×105个BMSCs在体外经定向ECs 培养和扩增8代后,获得了6.0×109个ECs,扩增了约1.2×104倍。70%-80%的细胞对Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫组化呈阳性反应;光镜下细胞呈典型的“鹅卵石”样;TEM下可观察到胞浆内有Weible- palade小体,证实为内皮细胞。实验表明,BMSCs在体外分离和定向培养的ECs,经扩增后可能是心血管组织工程所需种子细胞的又一个重要来源。     

Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Control Hematopoietic Stem Cell Migration and Proliferation in 3D In Vitro Model

Background

Migration, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are dependent upon a complex three-dimensional (3D) bone marrow microenvironment. Although osteoblasts control the HSC pool, the subendosteal niche is complex and its cellular composition and the role of each cell population in HSC fate have not been established. In vivo models are complex and involve subtle species-specific differences, while bidimensional cultures do not reflect the 3D tissue organization. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the role of human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC) and active osteoblasts in control of migration, lodgment, and proliferation of HSCs.

Methodology/Principal Findings

A complex mixed multicellular spheroid in vitro model was developed with human BMSC, undifferentiated or induced for one week into osteoblasts. A clear limit between the two stromal cells was established, and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagens I and IV, laminin, and osteopontin was similar to the observed in vivo. Noninduced BMSC cultured as spheroid expressed higher levels of mRNA for the chemokine CXCL12, and the growth factors Wnt5a and Kit ligand. Cord blood and bone marrow CD34⁺ cells moved in and out the spheroids, and some lodged at the interface of the two stromal cells. Myeloid colony-forming cells were maintained after seven days of coculture with mixed spheroids, and the frequency of cycling CD34⁺ cells was decreased.

Conclusions/Significance

Undifferentiated and one-week osteo-induced BMSC self-assembled in a 3D spheroid and formed a microenvironment that is informative for hematopoietic progenitor cells, allowing their lodgment and controlling their proliferation.     

Effect of Boron on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been well established as an ideal source of cell-based therapy for bone tissue engineering applications. Boron (B) is a notable trace element in humans; so far, the effects of boron on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs have not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of boron (0, 1, 10,100, and 1,000?ng/ml) on osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs. In this study, BMSCs proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, and cell osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Von Kossa staining, and real-time PCR. The results indicated that the proliferation of BMSCs was no different from the control group when added with B at the concentration of 1, 10, and 100?ng/ml respectively (P?>?0.05); in contrast, 1,000?ng/ml B inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs at days?4, 7, and 14 (P?相似文献   

Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cells Stimulate Hematopoietic Progenitors by Promoting Cytokine Release from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (234KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Insulin-Producing Cells Differentiated from Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro Ameliorate Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Hyperglycemia

Background

The two major obstacles in the successful transplantation of islets for diabetes treatment are inadequate supply of insulin-producing tissue and immune rejection. Induction of the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) for autologous transplantation may alleviate those limitations.

Methods

hMSCs were isolated and induced to differentiate into IPCs through a three-stage differentiation protocol in a defined media with high glucose, nicotinamide, and exendin-4. The physiological characteristics and functions of IPCs were then evaluated. Next, about 3 × 10⁶ differentiated cells were transplanted into the renal sub-capsular space of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nude mice. Graft survival and function were assessed by immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining and measurements of blood glucose levels in the mice.

Results

The differentiated IPCs were characterized by Dithizone (DTZ) positive staining, expression of pancreatic β-cell markers, and human insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation. Moreover, 43% of the IPCs showed L-type Ca²⁺ channel activity and similar changes in intracellular Ca²⁺ in response to glucose stimulation as that seen in pancreatic β-cells in the process of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Transplantation of functional IPCs into the renal subcapsular space of STZ-induced diabetic nude mice ameliorated the hyperglycemia. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that transplanted IPCs sustainably expressed insulin, c-peptide, and PDX-1 without apparent apoptosis in vivo.

Conclusions

IPCs derived from hMSCs in vitro can ameliorate STZ-induced diabetic hyperglycemia, which indicates that these hMSCs may be a promising approach to overcome the limitations of islet transplantation.     

Corneal Endothelial Expansion Promoted by Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium

Healthy corneal endothelium is essential for maintaining corneal clarity, as the damage of corneal endothelial cells and loss of cell count causes severe visual impairment. Corneal transplantation is currently the only therapy for severe corneal disorders. The greatly limited proliferative ability of human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs), even in vitro, has challenged researchers to establish efficient techniques for the cultivating HCECs, a pivotal issue for clinical applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate conditioned medium (CM) obtained from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (MSC-CM) for use as a consistent expansion protocol of HCECs. When HCECs were maintained in the presence of MSC-CM, cell morphology assumed a hexagonal shape similar to corneal endothelial cells in vivo, as opposed to the irregular cell shape observed in control cultures in the absence of MSC-CM. They also maintained the functional protein phenotypes; ZO-1 and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase were localized at the intercellular adherent junctions and pump proteins of corneal endothelium were accordingly expressed. In comparison to the proliferative potential observed in the control cultures, HCECs maintained in MSC-CM were found to have more than twice as many Ki67-positive cells and a greatly increased incorporation of BrdU into DNA. MSC-CM further facilitated the cell migration of HCECs. Lastly, the mechanism of cell proliferation mediated by MSC-CM was investigated, and phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 was observed in HCECs after exposure to MSC-CM. The inhibitor to PI 3-kinase maintained the level of p27^Kip1 for up to 24 hours and greatly blocked the expression of cyclin D1 and D3 during the early G1 phase, leading to the reduction of cell density. These findings indicate that MSC-CM not only stimulates the proliferation of HCECs by regulating the G1 proteins of the cell cycle but also maintains the characteristic differentiated phenotypes necessary for the endothelial functions.     

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Periostin Promotes B-ALL Progression by Modulating CCL2 in Leukemia Cells

1. Download high-res image (322KB)
2. Download full-size image

     

Adenoviral Mediated Expression of BMP2 by Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Cultured in 3D Copolymer Scaffolds Enhances Bone Formation

Selection of appropriate osteoinductive growth factors, suitable delivery method and proper supportive scaffold are critical for a successful outcome in bone tissue engineering using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). This study examined the molecular and functional effect of a combination of adenoviral mediated expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in BMSC and recently developed and characterized, biodegradable Poly(L-lactide-co-є-caprolactone){poly(LLA-co-CL)}scaffolds in osteogenic molecular changes and ectopic bone formation by using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Pathway-focused custom PCR array, validation using TaqMan based quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and ALP staining showed significant up-regulation of several osteogenic and angiogenic molecules, including ALPL and RUNX2 in ad-BMP2 BMSC group grown in poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds both at 3 and 14 days. Micro CT and histological analyses of the subcutaneously implanted scaffolds in NOD/SCID mice revealed significantly increased radiopaque areas, percentage bone volume and formation of vital bone in ad-BMP2 scaffolds as compared to the control groups both at 2 and 8 weeks. The increased bone formation in the ad-BMP2 group in vivo was paralleled at the molecular level with concomitant over-expression of a number of osteogenic and angiogenic genes including ALPL, RUNX2, SPP1, ANGPT1. The increased bone formation in ad-BMP2 explants was not found to be associated with enhanced endochondral activity as evidenced by qRT-PCR (SOX9 and FGF2) and Safranin O staining. Taken together, combination of adenoviral mediated BMP-2 expression in BMSC grown in the newly developed poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds induced expression of osteogenic markers and enhanced bone formation in vivo.     

Proline-Rich Hypothalamic Polypeptide Has Opposite Effects on the Proliferation of Human Normal Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Human Giant-cell Tumour Stromal Cells

In the present study we carried out experiments in vitro and in vivo and investigated the effect of proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) on the proliferation and effectiveness of colony formation of MMSCs in vitro. Various routes and doses of PRP administration to rats increased the number of MMSCs in bone marrow and spleen. Our research revealed opposite effects of PRP on the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells obtained from normal humans and stromal cells isolated from a human giant-cell tumour.     

Induction of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation into Neural-Like Cells Using Cerebrospinal Fluid

To optimize a technique that induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiation into neural-like cells, using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the patient. In vitro, CSF (Group A) and the cell growth factors EGF and bFGF (Group B) were used to induce BMSCs to differentiate into neural-like cells. Post-induction, presence of neural-like cells was confirmed through the use of light and immunofluorescence microscopy. BMSCs can be induced to differentiate into neural-like cells. The presence of neural-like cells was confirmed via morphological characteristics, phenotype, and biological properties. Induction using CSF can shorten the production time of neural-like cells and the quantity is significantly higher than that obtained by induction with growth factor (P < 0.01). The two induction methods can induce BMSCs to differentiate into neural-like cells. Using CSF induction, 30 ml bone marrow can produce a sufficient number of neural-like cells that totally meet the requirements for clinical treatment.