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双任务事件中脑电信号的熵计算 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用复杂性分析中的样品熵算法,计算并分析了受试者在单任务事件以及双任务事件活动过程中的神经电生理数据.在利用样品熵算法对短时程(秒)脑电数据的复杂度和规则度进行计算之前,首先应用了代替数据分析法,以排除所分析的实验数据是由线性加随机部分构成.所有的实验数据分别在单任务和双任务等不同的生理条件下采集.其中单任务为一个听觉辨别任务;双任务有两种形式,分别为听觉任务和不同的震动任务的结合.计算结果显示,任何一种双任务过程中脑电信号的熵值都明显的低于单任务状态时脑电信号的熵值(P<0.05~0.001).研究表明对应于受试者仅仅进行单任务工作而言,当受试者处于双任务工作状态时大脑的神经信息传递可能会受到某种程度的削弱,神经信息流通的范围也可能更为孤立.结果进一步说明对于短时程(秒)脑电信号分析,样品熵算法是有效的非线性分析方法. 相似文献
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蛋白质序列特性的研究对于蛋白质的结构及功能具有重要意义。该文为了研究蛋白质序列是否具有混沌行为,先将蛋白质序列通过氨基酸电子离子相互作用势(electron interaction potential,EIIP)转化为时间序列,再根据混沌理论对其进行相空间重构,利用去偏自相关系数,经典G-P算法确定系统的时间延迟t和嵌入维数m,系统的最大Lyapunov指数则用改进的最大Lyapunov指数计算方法计算,其结果绝大多数为正,从而确认了蛋白质时间序列的混沌行为,并对特例进行了说明。 相似文献
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植物根呼吸是土壤呼吸的主要组成,研究根呼吸对生态系统碳收支及碳平衡有重要意义。采用~(13)C脉冲标记技术,在3种供水条件下,对比不同根离体时间(标记后0,6,24,48,216,360 h)的白羊草离体根呼吸速率和根呼吸释放的δ~(13)C同位素比值变化,分析根参数与离体根呼吸相关性。结果表明:1)不同离体时间的离体根呼吸速率变化趋势一致,3种供水条件下无显著差异,均在0—20 min急剧下降,下降范围为32%—39%。2)测定离体根呼吸释放的δ~(13)C在不同离体时间的变化,为实时监测转移到白羊草根系的~(13)CO_2在根部释放的过程提供了新思路;不同离体时间,3种供水条件下根呼吸释放的δ~(13)C在2 h内均值大小呈:供水充分轻度胁迫重度胁迫。随离体时间(0—360 h)推移根呼吸释放的δ~(13)C均值先增大后减小,在216 h达到峰值31.46‰;3)离体根呼吸速率和根呼吸释放的δ~(13)C受根系根面积、比根面积、N含量、C/N及根组织δ~(13)C的影响显著。4)轻度水分胁迫可促使根系生长(C固定)和根呼吸(C代谢)同时增加。 相似文献
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为了探索精准、简易的昆虫呼吸代谢测定办法,本文基于Sable小动物呼吸测量系统,比较了应用Sable呼吸测量系统配置的8通道气路转换器呼吸室和采用鲁尔接头注射器作为替代呼吸室测试昆虫的呼吸代谢。结果表明:应用测量系统自带呼吸室和应用替代呼吸室检测棉铃虫蛹O_2消耗量(前者为0.2425(±0.0143) mL/g·h,后者为0.2389(±0.0146) mL/g·h)和CO_2释放量(前者为0.1562(±0.0098) mL/g·h,后者为0.1639(±0.0092) mL/g·h),两种测试方法无显著差异。与采用系统配置8通道气路转换器和自带呼吸室每测试7个样本耗时2.30 h相比较,应用替代呼吸室测试21个样本仅耗时2.75 h,明显节省测试时间。应用替代呼吸室,从呼出二氧化碳动态亦可以区分黑纹粉蝶不同虫态或不同发育状态的呼吸代谢差异。通过对两种测试方法的分析,推荐应用鲁尔接头注射器作为替代呼吸室的改进方法进行昆虫呼吸代谢生理的研究。 相似文献
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本文在研究神经元放电活动中放电节律的不同类型基础上,利用chay模型,成功仿真了随机on-off节律。同时采用非线性时间序列分析方法对替代数据进行了对比分析。此外,我们采用生物学实验数据的替代数据和时间序列分析方法进行数值仿真并对上述节律的随机性进行了分析,并从动力学角度出发,考察了节律的特征及产生机制。 相似文献
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Fiamma MN Straus C Thibault S Wysocki M Baconnier P Similowski T 《American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology》2007,292(5):R1985-R1993
In humans, lung ventilation exhibits breath-to-breath variability and dynamics that are nonlinear, complex, sensitive to initial conditions, unpredictable in the long-term, and chaotic. Hypercapnia, as produced by the inhalation of a CO(2)-enriched gas mixture, stimulates ventilation. Hypocapnia, as produced by mechanical hyperventilation, depresses ventilation in animals and in humans during sleep, but it does not induce apnea in awake humans. This emphasizes the suprapontine influences on ventilatory control. How cortical and subcortical commands interfere thus depend on the prevailing CO(2) levels. However, CO(2) also influences the variability and complexity of ventilation. This study was designed to describe how this occurs and to test the hypothesis that CO(2) chemoreceptors are important determinants of ventilatory dynamics. Spontaneous ventilatory flow was recorded in eight healthy subjects. Breath-by-breath variability was studied through the coefficient of variation of several ventilatory variables. Chaos was assessed with the noise titration method (noise limit) and characterized with numerical indexes [largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE), sensitivity to initial conditions; Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy (KSE), unpredictability; and correlation dimension (CD), irregularity]. In all subjects, under all conditions, a positive noise limit confirmed chaos. Hypercapnia reduced breathing variability, increased LLE (P = 0.0338 vs. normocapnia; P = 0.0018 vs. hypocapnia), increased KSE, and slightly reduced CD. Hypocapnia increased variability, decreased LLE and KSE, and reduced CD. These results suggest that chemoreceptors exert a strong influence on ventilatory variability and complexity. However, complexity persists in the quasi-absence of automatic drive. Ventilatory variability and complexity could be determined by the interaction between the respiratory central pattern generator and suprapontine structures. 相似文献
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Dhingra RR Jacono FJ Fishman M Loparo KA Rybak IA Dick TE 《Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)》2011,111(1):272-284
Physiological rhythms, including respiration, exhibit endogenous variability associated with health, and deviations from this are associated with disease. Specific changes in the linear and nonlinear sources of breathing variability have not been investigated. In this study, we used information theory-based techniques, combined with surrogate data testing, to quantify and characterize the vagal-dependent nonlinear pattern variability in urethane-anesthetized, spontaneously breathing adult rats. Surrogate data sets preserved the amplitude distribution and linear correlations of the original data set, but nonlinear correlation structure in the data was removed. Differences in mutual information and sample entropy between original and surrogate data sets indicated the presence of deterministic nonlinear or stochastic non-Gaussian variability. With vagi intact (n = 11), the respiratory cycle exhibited significant nonlinear behavior in templates of points separated by time delays ranging from one sample to one cycle length. After vagotomy (n = 6), even though nonlinear variability was reduced significantly, nonlinear properties were still evident at various time delays. Nonlinear deterministic variability did not change further after subsequent bilateral microinjection of MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, in the K?lliker-Fuse nuclei. Reversing the sequence (n = 5), blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors bilaterally in the dorsolateral pons significantly decreased nonlinear variability in the respiratory pattern, even with the vagi intact, and subsequent vagotomy did not change nonlinear variability. Thus both vagal and dorsolateral pontine influences contribute to nonlinear respiratory pattern variability. Furthermore, breathing dynamics of the intact system are mutually dependent on vagal and pontine sources of nonlinear complexity. Understanding the structure and modulation of variability provides insight into disease effects on respiratory patterning. 相似文献
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Is breathing in infants chaotic? Dimension estimates for respiratory patterns during quiet sleep 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wedescribe an analysis of dynamic behavior apparent in times-seriesrecordings of infant breathing during sleep. Three principal techniqueswere used: estimation of correlation dimension, surrogate dataanalysis, and reduced linear (autoregressive) modeling (RARM). Correlation dimension can be used to quantify the complexity of timeseries and has been applied to a variety of physiological andbiological measurements. However, the methods most commonly used toestimate correlation dimension suffer from some technical problems thatcan produce misleading results if not correctly applied. We used a newtechnique of estimating correlation dimension that has fewer problems.We tested the significance of dimension estimates by comparingestimates with artificial data sets (surrogate data). On the basis ofthe analysis, we conclude that the dynamics of infant breathing duringquiet sleep can best be described as a nonlinear dynamic system withlarge-scale, low-dimensional and small-scale, high-dimensionalbehavior; more specifically, a noise-driven nonlinear system with atwo-dimensional periodic orbit. Using our RARM technique, we identifiedthe second period as cyclic amplitude modulation of the same period asperiodic breathing. We conclude that our data are consistent withrespiration being chaotic. 相似文献
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Gargaglioni LH Milsom WK 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2007,147(3):665-684
The primary role of the respiratory system is to ensure adequate tissue oxygenation, eliminate carbon dioxide and help to regulate acid-base status. To maintain this homeostasis, amphibians possess an array of receptors located at peripheral and central chemoreceptive sites that sense respiration-related variables in both internal and external environments. As in mammals, input from these receptors is integrated at central rhythmogenic and pattern-forming elements in the medulla in a manner that meets the demands determined by the environment within the constraints of the behavior and breathing pattern of the animal. Also as in mammals, while outputs from areas in the midbrain may modulate respiration directly, they do not play a significant role in the production of the normal respiratory rhythm. However, despite these similarities, the breathing patterns of the two classes are different: mammals maintain homeostasis of arterial blood gases through rhythmic and continuous breathing, whereas amphibians display an intermittent pattern of aerial respiration. While the latter is also often rhythmic, it allows a degree of fluctuation in key respiratory variables that has led some to suggest that control is not as tight in these animals. In this review we will focus specifically on recent advances in studies of the control of ventilation in anuran amphibians. This is the group of amphibians that has attracted the most recent attention from respiratory physiologists. 相似文献
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The mechanical inhomogeneity of the respiratory system is frequently investigated by measuring the frequency dependence of dynamic compliance, but no data are currently available describing the effects of body temperature variations. The aim of the present report was to study those effects in vivo. Peak airway pressure was measured during positive pressure ventilation in eight anesthetized rats while breathing frequency (but not tidal volume) was altered. Dynamic compliance was calculated as the tidal volume/peak airway pressure, and measurements were taken in basal conditions (mean rectal temperature 37.3 °C) as well as after total body warming (mean rectal temperature 39.7 °C). Due to parenchymal mechanical inhomogeneity and stress relaxation-linked effects, the normal rat respiratory system exhibited frequency dependence of dynamic lung compliance. Even moderate body temperature increments significantly reduced the decrements in dynamic compliance linked to breathing rate increments. The results were analyzed using Student’s and Wilcoxon’s tests, which yielded the same results (p < 0.05). Body temperature variations are known to influence respiratory mechanics. The frequency dependence of dynamic compliance was found, in the experiments described, to be temperature-dependent as temperature variations affected parenchymal mechanical inhomogeneity and stress relaxation. These results suggest that body temperature variations should be taken into consideration when the dynamic compliance–breathing frequency relationship is being examined during clinical assessment of inhomogeneity of lung parenchyma in patients. 相似文献
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Kuo TB Yang CC 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2002,283(4):H1695-H1702
This study explored the effects of gender and aging on the complexity of cardiac pacemaker activity. Electrocardiogram signals were studied in normal women (n = 240) and men (n = 240) ranging in age from 40 to 79 yr. Nonlinear analysis of short-term resting R-R intervals was performed using the correlation dimension (CD), approximate entropy (ApEn), and largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE). Evidence of nonlinear structure was obtained by the surrogate data test. CD, ApEn, and LLE were negatively correlated with age. Despite similar means and SDs of the R-R intervals, women had a significantly higher CD, ApEn, and LLE compared with men in the age strata of 40-44 and 45-49 yr. CD and ApEn were strongly (r > 0.71) correlated with low- and high-frequency components. We conclude that the resting cardiac pacemaker activity of women is more complex than that of men in middle age, and the gender-related difference diminishes after the age of 50 yr. The higher complexity implies a more comprehensive neural modulation. 相似文献
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The O2 consumption of the respiratory muscles (VO2resp), work of breathing, and the time integral of the transdiaphragmatic pressure (TTdi) were measured in four normal subjects breathing against inspiratory resistance. A total of 39 runs were performed at mean tidal transdiaphragmatic pressures (Pdi) ranging from 15 to 53 cmH2O, respiratory frequencies from 3.5 to 22 breaths/min, and inspiratory time durations (TI) from 32 to 76% of the total breath duration. Each run was maintained from 8 to 17 min and the above parameters were kept constant by the subject via visual feedback of Pdi and TI with an oscilloscope. Most of the runs (36 of 39) were performed at TTdi values below those known to produce respiratory muscle fatigue. We found a strong linear correlation between the VO2resp and the TTdi (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001) and a weaker correlation between VO2resp and W (r = 0.31, P less than 0.05). These data suggest that TTdi is a good estimator of VO2resp over a wide range of respiratory patterns during inspiratory resistance breathing. The high variability seen in respiratory muscle efficiency during resistive breathing may be due to W not being a good indicator of the energy consumed by the respiratory muscles. 相似文献
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Tehrani FT 《Biological cybernetics》2003,89(3):163-169
An optimization control procedure is developed to describe the function of the human respiratory controller in determination of the respiratory frequency, the expiratory reserve volume, and the physiological dead space volume at all levels of human activity. The required level of alveolar ventilation is considered to have been determined based on the inputs from the peripheral and central chemoreceptors. The proposed procedure describes the mechanical control of breathing in which the excitation signals are adjusted and transferred from the neuron pools in the brainstem to the respiratory muscles to control the rate and depth of breathing. The criterion of minimum average respiratory work rate is used to find the optimal characteristics of respiration. The respiratory frequency, physiologic dead space volume, and expiratory reserve volume are used simultaneously as the optimization variables to minimize the average respiratory work rate. The optimization procedure has been applied by using different airflow patterns at various levels of ventilation. The theoretical results of the study have been compared with the experimental data in exercise taken from the literature. The results show a close agreement between the experimentally measured data and the theoretical values found by the optimization control procedure. The findings attest to the validity of the minimum average work rate criterion and the proposed multivariable optimization procedure compared with other procedures suggested in the literature in control of respiratory mechanics. 相似文献
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R C Basner J Ringler S Berkowitz R M Schwartzstein S E Weinberger D Sparrow J W Weiss 《Journal of applied physiology》1990,69(3):1098-1103
Experimental data suggest the presence of sensory receptors specific to the nasopharynx that may reflexly influence respiratory activity. To investigate the effects of inspired air temperature on upper airway dilator muscle activity during nose breathing, we compared phasic genioglossus electromyograms (EMGgg) in eight normal awake adults breathing cold dry or warm humidified air through the nose. EMGgg was measured with peroral bipolar electrodes during successive trials of cold air (less than or equal to 15 degrees C) and warm air (greater than or equal to 34 degrees C) nasal breathing and quantified for each condition as percent activity at baseline (room temperature). In four of the subjects, the protocol was repeated after topical nasal anesthesia. For all eight subjects, mean EMGgg was greater during cold air breathing than during baseline (P less than 0.005) or warm air breathing (P less than 0.01); mean EMGgg during warm air breathing was not significantly changed from baseline. Nasal anesthesia significantly decreased the mean EMGgg response to cold air breathing. Nasal airway inspiratory resistance, measured by posterior rhinomanometry in six subjects under similar conditions, was no different for cold or warm air nose breathing [cold 1.4 +/- 0.7 vs. warm 1.4 +/- 1.1 (SD) cmH2O.l-1.s at 0.4 l/s flow]. These data suggest the presence of superficially located nasal cold receptors that may reflexly influence upper airway dilating muscle activity independently of pressure changes in awake normal humans. 相似文献
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Raffaele L. Dellaca Andrea Aliverti Antonella Lo Mauro Kenneth R. Lutchen Antonio Pedotti Bela Suki 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
In order to characterize the variability and correlation properties of spontaneous breathing in humans, the breathing pattern of 16 seated healthy subjects was studied during 40 min of quiet breathing using opto-electronic plethysmography, a contactless technology that measures total and compartmental chest wall volumes without interfering with the subjects breathing. From these signals, tidal volume (VT), respiratory time (TTOT) and the other breathing pattern parameters were computed breath-by-breath together with the end-expiratory total and compartmental (pulmonary rib cage and abdomen) chest wall volume changes. The correlation properties of these variables were quantified by detrended fluctuation analysis, computing the scaling exponentα. VT, TTOT and the other breathing pattern variables showed α values between 0.60 (for minute ventilation) to 0.71 (for respiratory rate), all significantly lower than the ones obtained for end-expiratory volumes, that ranged between 1.05 (for rib cage) and 1.13 (for abdomen) with no significant differences between compartments. The much stronger long-range correlations of the end expiratory volumes were interpreted by a neuromechanical network model consisting of five neuron groups in the brain respiratory center coupled with the mechanical properties of the respiratory system modeled as a simple Kelvin body. The model-based α for VT is 0.57, similar to the experimental data. While the α for TTOT was slightly lower than the experimental values, the model correctly predicted α for end-expiratory lung volumes (1.045). In conclusion, we propose that the correlations in the timing and amplitude of the physiological variables originate from the brain with the exception of end-expiratory lung volume, which shows the strongest correlations largely due to the contribution of the viscoelastic properties of the tissues. This cycle-by-cycle variability may have a significant impact on the functioning of adherent cells in the respiratory system. 相似文献