家蚕耐氟基因RAPD分子标记的筛选及其克隆

为获得家蚕耐氟基因的分子标记,以家蚕耐氟品种T6和高敏感品种733新为材料,并构建了其近等基因,采用300个随机引物进行RAPD扩增,获得了与家蚕耐氟性有关的一个分子标记,此标记由引物S250扩增得到,并在F2代分离个体中得到验证,证明了此分子标记的可靠性,进而将此标记克隆进T载体pmd-18中,完成测序,分析发现此序列是未有报道的新序列。     

氟化物对家蚕耐氟和氟敏感品种肠道中留存产酶菌群落组成和多样性的影响

【目的】研究氟化物对家蚕Bombyx mori肠道内留存产酶菌的影响, 有助于了解家蚕耐氟和氟敏品种的耐氟力差异。【方法】分别给家蚕耐氟品种T6和氟敏品种734添食NaF溶液浸泡后的新鲜桑叶, 至5龄第3天取材。采用筛选培养基筛选产蛋白酶、 纤维素酶、 脂肪酶、 淀粉酶的菌株, 并结合16S rDNA系统发育关系, 对菌株进行分类鉴定。【结果】家蚕肠道内产消化酶细菌有芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、 葡萄球菌属Staphylococcus、 肠杆菌属Enterobacter和不动杆菌属Acinetobacter和微小杆菌属Exiguobaterium, 其中芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.、 葡萄球菌Staphylococcus sp. 和不动杆菌Acinetobacter sp.细菌可同时产4种酶。氟中毒后T6肠道内产酶菌由5种减少到4种, 734肠道内产酶菌由2种减少到1种。【结论】家蚕肠道内留存的产酶菌与家蚕自身的耐氟能力相关。     

家蚕耐氟性差异的细胞化学研究

对不同蚕品种的耐氟性、ACPase的氟敏感性、蚕品种耐氟性机理的研究表明,在供试蚕品种中以浙农1号的耐氟性最强,杭 8的耐氟性最弱;家蚕Bombyx mori血淋巴ACPase活性与蚕品种的耐氟性无明显关系;氟对蚕的血淋巴和中肠组织细胞的ACPase活性都有抑制作用,并随着氟添食浓度的增加ACPase活性降低,但超过一定浓度的氟添食,血淋巴ACPase活性反而有一个回升的过程,这个转折点出现可能的浓度及回升的幅度与蚕品种的耐氟性有关;细胞化学研究发现此转折点的出现是由于高浓度氟引起细胞结构的破坏而导致蚕体组织细胞内的ACPase大量向血腔释放的结果;氟敏感性蚕品种杭 8在很低氟量添食即可引起中肠组织细胞的ACPase大量向血腔释放,使血淋巴中的ACPase活性大幅度上升,随后ACPase活性受到完全的抑制;耐氟性较强的蚕品种浙农1号则在较高的氟含量添食时才向血腔释放ACPase,且血淋巴中ACPase增高的幅度小,在很高的氟量添食时全面抑制中肠ACPase活性。氟对不同品种ACPase活性影响的差异被认为是家蚕品种耐氟性差异机理之一。     

基于引物扩增受阻突变技术开发水稻耐冷基因CTB4a特异性分子标记

水稻(Oryza sativa)作为热带与亚热带起源的作物对低温敏感.对水稻种质进行耐冷性鉴定,能筛选出耐冷性强的种质,发展耐冷基因分子标记,能够有效鉴别种质中耐冷基因的基因型.本研究使用芽期4℃低温处理10d对41份水稻材料进行芽期耐冷鉴定,对品种的芽期耐冷能力进行评价,获得了参试材料中除了'昆明小白谷'之外的芽期耐冷性最强的品种'南特号'.对已克隆的耐冷基因CTB4a开发分子标记,能够辅助选择水稻的耐冷育种.水稻孕穗期耐冷基因CTB4a来源于'昆明小白谷',能够影响水稻抵抗低温的能力.参照公布的CTB4a序列信息,从中挑选出序列中的作用位点SNP(单核苷酸多态性,single nucleotide polymorphism),结合引物扩增受阻突变技术(Penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system,PARMS),用Primer 6.0设计引物,建立CTB4a基因荧光分子标记GM-CTB4a,使用荧光分子标记GM-CTB4a对41份水稻品种进行鉴定,使用酶标仪在'昆明小白谷'中检测到利用标记扩增产物中包含'昆明小白谷'特异SNP、T碱基引物携带的FAM荧光信号,在另外40份品种的扩增产物中检测到包含作用位点的C碱基引物携带的HEX荧光信号.本研究利用设计的分子标记,鉴定了 41份水稻品种的耐冷性和基因型.比对分析耐冷性和基因型鉴定结果,说明我们开发的分子标记GM-CTB4a特异性较强,具有实际应用价值.研究结果为利用水稻孕穗期耐冷基因CTB4a培育强耐冷水稻品种奠定坚实基础.     

用高代回交材料筛选与番茄耐冷性相关的RAPD分子标记

以番茄冷敏感品系T9801为轮回亲本,以耐冷品系T9806为供体亲本,经7代回交选择获得具有较强耐冷性且具有T9801遗传背景的高代回交株系,从高代回交株系及冷敏感亲本提取DNA,用280个随机引物进行RAPD扩增和多态性分析,筛选到一个与番茄耐冷性相关的RAPD分子标记（OPF14）。     

耐盐绒毛白蜡特异性SCAR分子标记的鉴定

该研究以耐盐型和盐敏感型绒毛白蜡及其F1代为材料,采用混合品系分析法进行RAPD分析。结果显示:在随机选取的150个10碱基随机引物中,仅有引物S20在耐盐基因池和盐敏感基因池间扩增出特异而可重复的592bp的多态性片段,命名为S20-592。获得的RAPD标记S20-592经克隆、测序、重新设计一对特异性引物转化成更稳定的SCAR标记。通过F1代个体验证,耐盐型个体均能扩增出此差异条带而盐敏感型个体中不能扩增出此差异条带,证明该SCAR标记的特异引物可用于耐盐绒毛白蜡物种的快速分子鉴定。     

谭清苏铁性别连锁的RAPD和SCAR分子标记

利用RAPD(Random amplified polymorphicDNA)分子标记技术,寻找谭清苏铁(Cycas tanqingii)中与性别相关的分子标记,筛选了160个10bp的随机引物,产生了2500多个RAPD条带。只有引物S0465(CCCCGGTAAC)产生了一条大约500bp的雌性特异RAPD标记,该分子标记出现在所有的供试雌性植株中,而所有的供试雄性植株都不具有该标记。对该特异片段进行了克隆和序列测定,并根据序列分析结果将RAPD标记转化为重复性和特异性更好的特异特征序列扩增区域(SCAR)分子标记,并命名为STQC-S465-483。分子标记的建立可用于谭清苏铁幼苗性别的早期鉴定,为谭清苏铁就地保护和迁地保护提供技术支持。     

变形链球菌耐氟菌株耐酸相关基因ropA的克隆及蛋白表达

克隆并表达变形链球菌耐氟菌株耐酸相关基因ropA。以变形链球菌UA159的耐氟菌株全基因组为模版,PCR扩增ropA基因并与p MD-18T克隆载体连接构建重组克隆质粒,测序鉴定。Bam HⅠ、HindⅢ双酶切重组克隆质粒,回收目的基因片段并与p Pro EX HTa表达载体通过粘性末端连接构建重组表达质粒,转化入大肠埃希菌感受态细胞DH5α,IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE检测Rop A表达量。测序结果为变形链球菌UA159的耐氟菌株ropA基因碱基序列与亲代菌株UA159完全一致。SDS-PAGE结果显示IPTG成功诱导Rop A蛋白表达,并且随诱导时间的延长蛋白表达增多。变形链球菌UA159耐氟菌株的耐酸相关基因ropA未发生突变,说明变形链球菌耐氟菌株耐酸性增强不是由ropA碱基序列的改变导致。本研究成功诱导Rop A蛋白表达,为后续研究Rop A蛋白功能奠定了基础。     

氟化物对家蚕耐氟和氟化物敏感品种幼虫中肠羧酸酯酶及全酯酶活性的影响

为了探讨氟化物在家蚕Bombyx mori体内的代谢途径, 以家蚕耐氟品种T6和氟化物敏感品种734为研究材料, 在5龄幼虫1-7 d内分别添食经50, 100, 200和400 mg/kg NaF溶液浸泡后的新鲜桑叶, 检测家蚕中肠羧酸酯酶（CarE）和全酯酶活性的变化。结果表明： 734添氟组的CarE活性是对照组的1.21~1.98倍, 而T6添氟组约是对照组的0.72~1.10倍。734和T6添氟组的全酯酶活性数值变化规律与其各自对照组相似, 且2品种之间的酶活性数值很相近。2品种在相同浓度下, 不同天数之间的全酯酶活性差异均显著（P＜0.05）。推测氟化物对敏感家蚕中肠CarE有促进作用, 对耐氟家蚕中肠CarE有抑制作用, 但是对全酯酶活性影响不大。     

谭清苏铁性别连锁的RAPD和SCAR分子标记

利用RAPD(Random amplified polymorphic DNA)分子标记技术,寻找谭清苏铁（Cycas tanqingii）中与性别相关的分子标记,筛选了160个10bp的随机引物,产生了2500多个RAPD条带。只有引物S0465 (CCCCGGTAAC)产生了一条大约500bp的雌性特异RAPD标记,该分子标记出现在所有的供试雌性植株中,而所有的供试雄性植株都不具有该标记。对该特异片段进行了克隆和序列测定,并根据序列分析结果将RAPD标记转化为重复性和特异性更好的特异特征序列扩增区域（SCAR）分子标记,并命名为STQC-S465-483。分子标记的建立可用于谭清苏铁幼苗性别的早期鉴定,为谭清苏铁就地保护和迁地保护提供技术支持。     

氟化物对家蚕血液羧酸酯酶及全酯酶活性的影响

为了探讨氟化物对家蚕代谢机制的影响,以家蚕耐氟品种T6和氟化物敏感品种734为研究对象,从5龄起蚕开始分别添食50、100、200、400mg/kg NaF溶液浸泡后的新鲜桑叶,检测家蚕血液中羧酸酯酶(CarE),全酯酶活性的变化。结果表明,734、T6添氟组的CarE活性分别是对照组的73%—88%和72%—81%,734两个低浓度添氟组的CarE活性与对照组和两个高浓度添氟组的差异极显著(P<0.01),T6各处理组之间的差异不显著。734、T6添氟组的全酯酶活性分别是对照组的89%—97%和73%—92%,734各处理组之间的差异不显著,T6对照组的全酯酶活性仅与最高浓度添氟组差异极显著(P<0.01)。说明氟化物对家蚕血液CarE和全酯酶活性具有一定的抑制作用。     

Construction of a piggyBac-based enhancer trap system for the analysis of gene function in silkworm Bombyx mori

Enhancer trapping and insertional mutagenesis are powerful tools for analyzing genetic function. To construct an enhancer trap system in the silkworm Bombyx mori, we developed efficient jumpstarter strains by inserting the piggyBac transposase gene under the control of Bombyx cytoplasmic actin gene (BmA3) promoter into the genome. To stabilize the inserted transgene, the jumpstarter strains were constructed using the Minos transposon as a vector. The ability of each of the 13 jumpstarter strains to remobilize their respective transposons was tested by crossing the jumpstarters with a mutator strain carrying a GAL4 construct containing the BmA3 promoter. Four strains with high remobilization activity were then selected and used to produce enhancer trap lines by crossing with the mutator strains and hybridizing the F1 progeny with a UAS-EGFP strain. Several enhancer trap lines showing characteristic expression patterns at the embryonic, larval, pupal, and adult stages were detected in the subsequent generation. Approximately 10-40% of the silkworms from each cross in the hybridized brood had a remobilized mutator. An analysis of the insertion positions in 105 lines by inverse PCR using a silkworm genome database revealed that remobilization occurred randomly in each chromosome. The frequency of insertion of the remobilized mutator into putative exons, introns, intergenic regions, and repetitive sequences was 12, 9, 36, and 40%, respectively. We concluded that the piggyBac-based GAL4 enhancer trap system developed in this study is applicable for large-scale enhancer trapping in the silkworm.     

Transgenic breeding of anti-Bombyx mori L. nuclear polyhedrosis virus silkworm Bombyx mori

Silkworm strains resistant to Bombyx mori L. nuclear polyhedrosis virus were obtained through transgenic experiments. piggyBac transposon with an A3 promoter were randomly inserted into the silkworm, driving the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene into the silkworm genome. Polymerase chain reaction results verified the insertion of the extraneous EGFP gene, and fluorescence microscopy showed that the EGFP was expressed in the midgut tissue. The morbidity ratio of the nuclear polyhedrosis decreased from 90% in the original silkworm strain to 66.7% in the transgenic silkworm strain. Compared with the resistance to the Bombyx mori L. nuclear polyhedrosis virus in the Qiufeng strain, which is commonly used in the production, there was an increase of 33 centesimal points in the transgenic silkworms. The antivirotic character in the Chunhua x Qiuyue strain, which was bred from a different transgenic family, was about 10 centesimal points higher than that in the Qiufeng x Baiyu, another crossbreed used in production. Our results indicated a good application value of the transposon-inserted mutation in the breeding of anti-BmNPV silkworm strain.     

A genetic diversity study of silkworm using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers

The silkworm, Bombyx mori is a beneficial insect of great economic importance in China for its silk production. In this study, we obtained 11 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers and one PCR polymorphism marker from the genes of the silkworm, B. mori. A backcross progeny analysis showed that all these molecular markers were segregated in a Mendelian fashion and that polymorphisms were co-dominant. These markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity among 29 strains of B. mori from China, Japan and Europe. Cluster analysis, based on the genetic similarities calculated from CAPS data, grouped these strains roughly according to their geographical origin. One group contained silkworm strains from Europe and some of the Japanese strains were interspersed into the Chinese groups, whereas other Japanese strains clustered together.     

Microsatellite markers application on domesticated silkworm and wild silkworm

Abstract Twenty-seven sets of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were developed through hybridizing of (CA)n, (CT)n and (GT)n and sequencing the positive clones in libraries constructed by using p50 silkworm strain. Of those primer pairs, 26 sets of SSR primers amplified well in two regional wild silkworm strains. Ten domesticated silkworm strains and two regional wild silkworm strains were used for comparing the polymorphisms and for constructing a phylogenetic tree employing the UPGAM method. The result showed that the genetic distances within Japanese strains are closer than those of Chinese strains. And this result also implies that Japanese strains diverged from domesticated silkworm later than Chinese strains. According to the clustering result, the domesticated silkworm is firstly clustered in one class, but could be classified into two groups. Within a strain, the individual polymorphism of wild silkworm was significantly higher in abundance than those of domesticated silkworm. The S SR primers of domesticated silkworm could be used in genetic studies for wild silkworm.