生长调节剂DPC和营养物质KH2PO4协同作用对棉蕾茎解剖结构的调…

在自然光照和遮荫的弱光条件下研究了ＤＰＣ（助壮素）、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４（磷酸二氢钾）单独和混合浸种对棉苗茎组织解剖结构的影响,结果表明在两种光照条件下,ＤＰＣ、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４对棉苗茎的组织结构都有不同程度的影响。其中以ＤＰＣ＋ＫＨ２ＰＯ４处理效果优于单独使用,特别是弱光条件下,此效应更明显。ＤＰＣ＋ＫＨ２ＰＯ４处理使棉苗茎秆粗壮,茎秆密度（单位茎高度内干物质重）增加。茎中维管组织发育好,维管束数目多,每一     

DPC和KH2PO4 浸种对棉花叶片光合特性的影响

利用缩节安(DPC)和磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)单独和混合浸种的方法,对棉籽播前浸种处理,可以增加棉花叶片叶绿素含量,提高PS Ⅱ光化学活性和原初光能转换效率,以及叶片光合速率。DPC和KH2PO4混合处理的效果优于单独浸种处理。     

香水白掌的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称白鹤芋属品种香水白掌（Spathiphyllum“Xiangshui”）。2材料类别茎段、茎尖。3培养条件以MS为基本培养基。诱导丛生芽培养基：（1）MS＋6－BA4～6mg·L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．2。丛生芽增殖培养基：（2）MS＋6－BA2～4＋NAA0．2;（3）培养基（2）＋KH2PO485。4生长与分化情况4．1丛生芽的诱导取香水白掌茎段,剥去外层叶片,75％酒精消毒lmin,然后用灭菌净浸泡20～35min,切取茎尖和茎段,置于培养基（1）上培养。7d后开始出现侧芽萌发和茎尖萌发成苗。30d后将萌发苗基部切割,置于培养基（1）继续培养,2周后出现了…     

拉曼被孢霉产γ-亚麻酸的发酵条件优化

对影响发酵产γ-亚麻酸的因素（温度、N源、P源等）进行单因素考察。结果发现,各因素对拉曼被孢霉（Mortierella ramanniana NBRC 8187）产γ-亚麻酸均有不同程度的影响。通过正交试验设计对KH2PO4、NaNO3、酵母膏和温度进行了L9（34）试验设计,以γ-亚麻酸产量为优化目标,直观分析得出影响产量的因素大小顺序为酵母膏、温度、KH2PO4、NaNO3,最终确定最佳的培养条件：酵母膏5 g/L、25℃、KH2PO41 g/L、NaNO33 g/L。在此条件下,检测得出在第5天γ-亚麻酸产量达到0.968 g/L,相比优化前（0.583 g/L）提高了66%。     

满天星的微型繁殖

MicropropagationofGypsophtlaelegansLUOJian-Xun（TheIndddeoChenglu610081）1植物名称满天星（Gypsophilaelegans）,又名丝石竹,缕丝花。2材料类别带芽的茎段。3培养条件基本培养基为OMF将MS中的KH。PO。用量改为310mg·L’（单位下同）,补加Ca（No。）z·4H。0500,不加肌醒］。腋芽诱导培养基为OM＋6－BA0．5。腋芽增殖培养基为：（）OM＋6－BAI;（2）OM＋6－BA24NAA0．of;（3）OM＋6BA4＋NAA0．05。壮苗培养基为0M0（不加植物激素的OM）。生根培养基为OM＋IBA0．l＋IAA0．2。腋芽的诱导、增殖、壮苗和生…     

黄瓜无菌苗雌花诱导体系的建立

研究Spm和IAA对无菌黄瓜苗雌花诱导的协同作用,及不同外植体、培养基中琼脂含量和KH2PO4含量对雌花诱导的影响,由此建立了有效的雌花诱导体系。黄瓜去根苗接种在MS培养基上,单独添加Spm、IAA时的雌花诱导率、雌花数偏低或为0,同时添加12mg.L-1Spm与0.01mg.L-1IAA时达21%、29枚,对照组未见雌花,说明Spm和IAA对雌花诱导的协同作用显著。实验证明,在全苗、去根苗、去根去顶苗、顶芽四种外植体中,及在0.5%～0.9%琼脂含量和1.0～2.0mmol.L-1KH2PO4含量的培养条件下,采用0.7%琼脂含量和1.75mmol.L-1KH2PO4含量培养黄瓜去根去顶苗的雌花诱导效果最好,其诱导率和雌花数分别达46%、54枚。     

多胺对猕猴桃试管苗生长发育的影响

取美味猕猴桃（Actinidiadeliciosa）试管苗茎尖（带2片分化的小叶）接种于下列处理的培养基中：（1）MS＋Put5mg／L（单位下同）;（2）MS＋PUt10;（3）MS＋Putls;（4）MS＋Sum2;（5）MS＋Spm4;（6）MS＋Spm8;（7）MS＋Spd0．5;（8）MS＋Spd1;（9）MS（对照）。每个处理10瓶,每瓶5个茎尖,于261C、12h／d2000lx光照的条件下培养。接种后24、31d统计生根率,31d后还测定了叶片叶绿素含量（西北农业大学植物生理生化教研组编．植物生理学实验指导．西安：陕西科学技术出版社,1987）。结果如下：1．多胺对美味猕猴桃试…     

玫瑰石斛的组织培养及快速繁殖

1植物名称玫瑰石斛（Dendrobium crepidatum Lind1．ex Paxt．）。 2材料类别无菌萌发的种胚苗茎节或茎段。 3培养条件种胚诱导培养基：（1）MS＋NAA0．5mg．L^-1（单位下同）;（2）1／2MS＋马铃薯提取物20％。茎节或茎段分化培养基：（3）MS：（4）1／2MS。生根和壮苗培养基：（5）1／2MS＋IBA0．2-0．4＋活性炭0．1％;（6）MS＋NAA1＋6-BA0．5;     

新红宝西瓜组织培养

无菌苗培养基：（）改良的MS（含GlyNO＋VBIO．4十烟酸50，其它同MS）茎段、茎尖培养基：（2）改良MS＋BA2．5＋IAAl（3）改良MS＋BA3＋IAAI（）改良MS＋BA4＋IAAI生根培养基：（5）改良MS＋NAA0．5经常现消毒灭菌后，把种子的胚培养于培养基（）上进行无菌苗生产，2～4周可获得充分的无菌苗。取无菌苗的茎段、茎尖（0．5cm）作外植体并接种于培养基（2）、（）、（4）上，6d后，茎段两端切口处膨大，28～35d后出现愈伤组织，出愈率达到68％以上。接种5d后，茎尖明显长大。在供试的生长调节剂组合中，35d后茎尖周围均出现了…     

水钾互作对高产夏玉米茎秆结构和功能的影响

以郑单958(ZD958)为试验材料,采用干旱棚池栽试验,研究了水钾互作对夏玉米茎秆结构和功能的影响.结果表明： 灌水可显著提高茎秆的伤流量,施钾在一定程度上可以缓解水分缺乏对茎秆伤流量的影响,在灌水2250 m³·hm^-2时施钾可显著提高各生育时期茎秆的伤流量.水钾互作可显著提高茎秆穿刺强度和茎粗,在灌水2250 m³·hm^-2时施钾处理的穿刺强度和茎粗较不施钾处理分别高46.0%和36.4%,施钾条件下灌水2250 m³·hm^-2较灌水450 m³·hm^-2处理的穿刺强度和茎粗分别高30.7%和8.6%.灌水2250 m³·hm^-2时施钾显著提高了茎秆维管束数目、面积及维管束内厚壁细胞、皮层和硬皮组织厚度.即水钾互作能够显著提高夏玉米植株的抗倒伏能力,本试验条件下,施180 kg K₂O·hm^-2、适当增加灌水量可显著提高夏玉米抗倒伏能力和产量.     

杭州西湖水体中异养细菌生长的限制因子

通过添加不同营养盐类的纯种和自然培养试验,对异养细菌生长的限制因子进行了研究．结果表明,生物可利用的有机碳是主要的限制性营养因子,而氮源和磷源的影响相对较小;湖水的高pH、丰富的藻类和浮游动物生物量也制约了异养细菌的生长．此外还发现,在自然水体中添加0．5％葡萄糖后,一些自生固氮细菌得到富集;添加C+N+P后,有大量霉菌生长,添加0．01％牛肉膏后,假单胞菌属(PSeu-domonas)细菌由原来的30％提高到57％;湖水进行实验室培养时细菌的最大生长量可达10^5个·ml^-1。     

THE EFFECT OF SUCROSE SPRAYING ON SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY BEET YELLOWS VIRUS IN SUGAR BEET

When leaves of sugar-beet plants infected with beet yellows virus were sprayed daily with 10% sucrose solution, yellowing symptoms were intensified. When glasshouse plants were shaded so that the light intensity was reduced to less than half of full daylight, yellowing symptoms were suppressed more completely on un-sprayed than on sprayed plants. Spraying with 2–5 % sucrose solution had similar, but slightly smaller effects.
Spraying with sucrose solution increased the carbohydrate content of the leaves, and the effects on symptom intensity and carbohydrate content were closely correlated. The regression coefficients of symptom score on total sugar content were nearly the same for shaded and unshaded plants. As the severity of symptoms was increased by supplying carbohydrate without change in the light conditions, it is concluded that light intensity affects symptom expression by varying the carbohydrate content of the leaves through its influence on photosynthesis.
Sucrose spraying increased the yield of roots of healthy and infected plants, and most of the increase was sucrose. This shows that sprayed sugar was translocated to the roots from the leaves of both healthy and infected plants.
Measurements of changes in carbohydrate content between evening and morning samplings confirmed that movement of carbohydrate out of infected leaves is not stopped by infection.     

光强对比度对大米草克隆整合作用的影响

通过温室控制试验,分析不同光强及光强对比度处理下克隆植物大米草生长性状的差异,研究同质异质光强条件下克隆整合对大米草响应遮阴能力的修饰作用.结果表明： 在同质条件下,大米草在无遮阴(高光强：温室内自然光照强度)条件下的生物量显著大于中度遮阴(中光强：光照强度为高光强的70%)和深度遮阴(低光强：光照强度为高光强的30%).在低对比度异质性光强条件下(分株对的一个分株不遮阴,另一个分株中度遮阴),大米草遮阴分株的叶片数、根长和生物量均显著高于同质中度遮阴处理,而无遮阴分株各生长指标与同质无遮阴处理相比均无显著差异.因此,在低对比度异质性光强下,大米草受体(遮阴)分株通过克隆整合显著受益;同时,对供体(非遮阴)分株没有显著的耗损.然而,在高对比度处理下(分株对的一个分株不遮阴,另一个分株深度遮阴),克隆整合对受体(遮阴)分株的效应不显著.大米草的克隆整合并不随着光强对比度的增加而增加.在自然生境中度遮阴情况下,克隆整合可以提高大米草的生长和克隆繁殖能力,但在深度遮阴情况下,克隆整合对大米草适应性的作用可能很小.     

烟梗为原料固态发酵生产果胶酶

以烟梗为主要原料,采用单因素和正交实验对筛选到的丝状菌JXY-17固态发酵产果胶酶的培养基进行了优化,正交实验结果表明,影响该菌株产果胶酶的因素依次为含水量(料水比)(A)＞(NH4)2SO4(B)＞KH2PO4(D)＞吐温-80(C),产酶培养基组成为A3B2C2D1,即固液比1∶1.5,(NH4)2SO4 5.0％,吐温-80 0.10％,KH2 PO40.20％.采用该固态发酵培养基,自然pH,接种量25 mL,装料量为50 g(干基)/1000 mL三角瓶,30℃恒温培养6d,产酶最高达8171.35U/g干曲,为初始酶活的3.8倍.提取酶液后的残余烟梗还可用于提取烟梗纤维类物质.残余烟梗的化学成分检测结果表明,与原始烟梗(或对照)相比,其果胶质降低了45％左右,残余烟梗固形物回收率约50％.     

长吻鮠碱性磷酸酶的动力学研究

采用生化手段,从长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris Günther)肝中提取出碱性磷酸酶(AKP).提纯倍数为62.08倍,比活为66.43单位/mg蛋白,提取酶液经PAGE和SDS-PAGE只呈现一条区带.该酶的最适pH为10.05,7.0>pH>11.0时不稳定;最适温度为40℃,;对热不很稳定;以磷酸苯二钠为底物其Km值为1.82×10-3mol/L.Mg2+为该酶的激活剂,L-Cys、KH2PO4、DFP、ME、EDTA-Na2为抑制剂.选用KH2PO4,和DFP作抑制类型的判断,结果表明,KH2PO4,属竞争性抑制剂,其抑制常数为2.41mmol/L,DFP为非竞争性抑制剂,抑制常数为1.01mmol/L.       

Optimization of a cultural medium for bacteriocin production by Lactococcus lactis using response surface methodology.

The medium composition for bacteriocin production by Lactococcus lactis ATCC 11454 was optimized using response surface methodology. The selected six factors based on CM medium were sucrose, soybean peptone, yeast extract, KH(2)PO(4), NaCl, and MgSO(4).7H(2)O. Fractional factorial designs (FFD) and the path of steepest ascent were effective in searching for the main factors and approaching the optimum region of the response. By a 2(6-2) FFD, sucrose, soybean peptone, yeast extract, KH(2)PO(4) were found to be significant factors and had positive effects on cell growth, however, only soybean peptone and KH(2)PO(4) were shown to be the two significant factors for bacteriocin production and had negative and positive effects, respectively. The effects of the two main factors on bacteriocin production were further investigated by a central composite design and the optimum composition was found to be 1% sucrose, 0.45% soybean peptone, 1% yeast extract, 2.84% KH(2)PO(4), 0.2% NaCl, and 0.02% MgSO(4) x 7H(2)O. The optimal medium allowed bacteriocin yield to be doubled compared to CM medium.     

The Effect of Light Intensity on Certain Biological Characters of Rauvolfia

The effect of light intensity on Rauvolfia yunnanensis was studied under four different light conditions, namely: 1. 100% daylight (shadeless); 2.73% (27% shaded); 3. 48% (52% shaded) ; 4. 28% (72% shaded). The most suitable light intensity required for the growth of plant, both on the plant height and diameter, was varying from 28% daylight (at dry season) to 73% daylight (at foggy season) at different seasons. Under the half shaded condition (48% light intensity), the annual production of roots, leaves and stems was greater than under any other light conditions (100%, 73% or 28% light intensity). The total number of flowers was depressed markedly by shading, but the number of fruits yielded was higher under 73% light intensity. The number of embryoless seeds was as high as 96% under full light condition (100% light intensity), but decreased apparently under the shading of forest canopy. The size of leaves, fruits and seeds was varying quite a bit with different light intensities. Finally, we have to mention that the alkaloid contents in the leaves tended to increase with the decreasing of the light intensity.     

松茸的营养生理及培养基的筛选

采用分离自吉林延边的松茸菌种研究了松茸的营养生理及培养基筛选。结果表明：松茸对单糖、双糖、多糖和糖醇都有一定的利用,但葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖等单糖对菌丝生长效果较好;氮源以谷氨酸胺、（NH4）2HPO4、酒石酸铵等氨态氮较为适合。松茸菌丝在较宽C／N比范围内都可生长,以C／N比21～66为佳。KH2PO4、MgSO4·7H2O、VB2、VB6对松茸的生长促进效果明显是菌丝生长所必需的。新筛选的11号培养基和已有松茸培养基比较,除生长速度有所提高外,气生菌丝大为增多,生长茂盛。     

Greater effect of dietary potassium tripolyphosphate than of potassium dihydrogenphosphate on the nephrocalcinosis and proximal tubular function in female rats from the intake of a high-phosphorus diet

We examined whether a difference in potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KH2PO4) and potassium tripolyphosphate (K5P3O10) as dietary phosphorus sources could differentially effect the nephrocalcinosis and proximal tubular function in female rats. Rats were fed on a diet containing KH2PO4 or K5P3O10, at the normal phosphorus level (normal phosphorus diet) or at a high phosphorus level (high-phosphorus diet) for 21 d. Nephrocalcinosis, as confirmed by a histological examination, was apparent in all rats fed on the high-phosphorus diet, and this condition was more severe in those rats fed on K5P3O10 than in those fed on KH2PO4. As indicators of the proximal tubular function, the N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in urine and the urinary beta2-microglobulin excretion were significantly increased in those rats fed on the high-phosphorus diet containing K5P3O10. These results indicate that the intake of a high-phosphorus diet, more strongly influenced the nephrocalcinosis and proximal tubular function when K5P3O10 rather than KH2PO4 was used as the dietary phosphorus source.