关于学生学习自我监控能力培养策略的探讨

学习自我监控能力是指学习主体对其所从事的学习活动进行自我调节和控制的能力。文章对学习中的自我监控能力进行了界定,并对其在学习活动中的重要性及发展规律进行了分析,旨在探讨培养学生学习自我监控能力的策略,为提高学生素质、实现教育目标服务。     

改良微格教学法对护理临床实习生操作技能培训中自我效能感的影响研究

目的探讨改良微格教学法对临床护理实习生操作培训中自我效能感的影响。方法选择2013年11月~2014年2月在我院实习的临床护理实习生100名,采用便利取样法分为对照组和干预组各50名,对照组采用传统教学法,干预组采用改良微格教学法,比较两组实习护生在生命体征、壁式氧气吸入法、肌肉注射及静脉输液四项操作培训干预前后的成绩,并采用中文版一般自我效能感量表(GSES)评价培训前后两组实习护生的自我效能感。结果两组实习护生在生命体征测量、壁式氧气吸入法的成绩差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预组实习护生在肌肉注射、静脉输液及自我效能感分值较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良微格教学法有助于提高临床护理实习生的自我效能感及操作能力。     

情绪调节自我效能感对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治疗的影响

目的:本研究探讨心理干预对患者情绪调节自我效能感的影响,分析情绪调节自我效能感对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治疗和康复的影响.方法:1)实验分为干预组(实验组)和非干预组(对照).2)情绪调节自我效能感量表评定患者干预前后的情绪调节自我效能感.3)对心理干预组进行随访,使用理性情绪化疗法、支持疗法、情绪宣泄法、康复指导及疾病意外应对指导进行干预.结果:1)为其1年心理干预有效降低疾病复发率、住院时间和住院频率.但对急性发作治疗期的治疗影响不显著.2)心理干预有效提高患者的情绪调节自我效能感.结论:心理干预有效提高患者的情绪调节自我效能感,促进缓解期的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的康复,并有效降低复发率.     

老年性白内障患者生活质量调查及与自我效能感、自我感受负担和社会关系质量的相关性研究

目的:研究老年性白内障患者生活质量与自我效能感、自我感受负担和社会关系质量的相关性。方法:纳入我院于2018年8月~2020年12月期间接收的老年性白内障患者116例作为研究组,另选取同期来我院检查眼睛视力的100例志愿者作为对照组,两组均填写中文版低视力者生活质量量表(CLVQOL)、自我感受负担量表(SPBS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、社会关系质量量表等评分量表。经Pearson线性相关分析CLVQOL评分与SPBS、GSES和社会关系质量的关系。结果:共发放问卷216份,收回有效问卷212份,回收率为98.15%。研究组的身体机能、精神心理、症状与视功能、社会活动、总分低于对照组,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组身体因素、情感因素、经济因素、总分高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组个体对环境挑战的认知、个体对自我的认知、个体对控制感的认知以及总分低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组家庭承担、家庭亲密度、朋友关系、总分低于对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson线性相关分析结果显示,CLVQOL评分与GSES和社会关系质量呈正相关,而与SPBS呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:老年性白内障患者生活质量较差,与自我效能感、自我感受负担和社会关系质量密切相关,应重视上述相关因素的改善,以提高患者生活质量。     

开展自我指导学习培养终身学习能力

根据新的基础教育课程体系强调基础教育要满足每个学生终身发展的需要和培养学生终身学习能力的要求,结合生物学教学实践,探索开展自我指导学习的基本方法,以及如何通过开展自我指导学习,培养学生的终身学习能力。     

文拉法辛联合团体人际心理疗法对社交恐惧症患者心理状态、自我效能感和社会功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨团体人际心理疗法联合文拉法辛对社交恐惧症（SAD）患者心理状态、自我效能感和社会功能的影响。方法：选取2017年4月~2020年4月期间我院收治的98例SAD患者,根据奇偶数法将患者分为对照组49例和联合组49例。对照组给予文拉法辛治疗,联合组在对照组的基础上联合团体人际心理疗法治疗,对比两组SAD症状改善情况、心理状态、自我效能感和社会功能。结果：两组干预后社交回避、社交苦恼评分均下降,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后焦虑自评量表（SAS)、抑郁自评量表（SDS)评分均下降,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后表达积极、管理沮丧、管理生气自我效能感评分均升高,且联合组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）、社会适应能力评定量表（SAFE）评分均降低,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：团体人际心理疗法联合文拉法辛治疗SAD患者,可缓解其抑郁、焦虑症状,提高自我效能感及社会功能,疗效较好。     

类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平及相关因素分析

目的:探讨类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平及影响因素,为科学的护理干预提供依据。方法:采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对随机抽样的267例类风湿关节炎患者进行调查,测定调查患者的自我效能水平。结果:267例类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平较低。结论:多种因素影响类风湿患者的自我效能水平,这些影响因素包括:患者文化程度,收入,医疗付费方式,病程等。     

类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平及相关因素分析

目的：探讨类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平及影响因素,为科学的护理干预提供依据。方法：采用一般自我效能感量表（GSES）对随机抽样的267例类风湿关节炎患者进行调查。测定调查患者的自我效能水平。结果：267例类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平较低。结论：多种因素影响类风湿患者的自我效能水平,这些影响因素包括：患者文化程度,收入,医疗付费方式,病程等。     

慢性持续期哮喘患者自我效能水平及相关因素分析

目的:探讨慢性持续期哮喘患者的自我效能水平及其相关因素。方法:采用一般资料调查表、自我效能量表、社会支持量表(SSRS)、综合性医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)等,对我院2009年3月至2011年6月呼吸科门诊随诊的79例慢性持续期哮喘患者进行调查。结果:所有患者的平均自我效能总分为(57.15±9.03)分。患者自我效能水平与病程、经济状况、吸烟情况、发作次数及发作程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:慢性持续期哮喘患者自我效能水平有不同程度的降低,哮喘发作次数、焦虑抑郁情绪以及社会支持水平是影响患者自我效能水平的主要因素。     

城市公园景感要素及其对不同人群公园活动方式的影响

景感生态学以可持续发展为目标,契合了新型城镇化和人居环境科学的思想,强调以人为本,关注人的感知与环境的关系,为理解城市景观与人群活动的关系提供了一个崭新的视角。基于景感生态学视角,对城市公园常见的景感要素进行归纳分类,探讨城市公园景感要素对不同人群活动的作用途径;然后选择厦门市滨海、滨湖、山体、老城区和文化等五类典型城市公园的代表作为研究对象,实证分析和比较五类公园景感要素组成和民众感知评价的差异,并以此尝试解释不同类型公园吸引不同人群(访客密度、访问时间)及其在公园活动方式上的差异。研究结果表明,公园景感要素通过多层次关联对人群活动产生作用,即景感要素作用影响人的感觉类型,产生多样景感效果,满足民众由愿景产生的需求,进而影响其活动意愿和方式;各景感要素综合作用,共同对公园活动产生影响;当公园景感要素承载的设计愿景与民众愿景产生共鸣,才能产生良好景感效果,促进游园人群活动热情;公园景感要素和人群活动的关系侧重体现暴露性的生态系统服务。该论文研究结果希望为深入研究城市公园服务人群机制拓展一个自然与人文融合的崭新视角,同时为城市公园设计和运营提供有效的科技支撑。     

浅谈大学生课外科研活动对创新人才培养模式探索的体会

大学生的创新能力培养对于培育创新型人才具有极其重要的意义。本文旨在通过讲述指导学生参与课外实验的体会,探索一种高效合理的大学生创新型人才培养模式,为提高大学生综合素质、培养创新型人才提供探索经验。     

Neurobiological mechanisms of the meridian and the propagation of needle feeling along the meridian pathway

The present experiments attempt to find the meridian phenomenon and how the needle feeling propagates along the given meridian channels. The neurobiological mechanisms of the meridian were studied with neuroelectrical recording from the motor neurons and CB-HRP retrograde histochemistry technique in both rats and cats. The results demonstrated that most, but not all, of alpha motor neurons supplying a muscle group of a given meridian were selectively activated by afferent inputs originating not only from homonymous or heterogeneous, but synergistic muscle, but also from the skin nerve overlying the muscle group of the homonymous meridian. However, the afferent inputs from the heterogeneous meridian have very weak or no effect. On the other hand, the labeled motor neurons supplying a given meridian muscles form a discrete longitudinal column with a definite bound in the lateral ventral horn. There are oriented dendro-dendristes projections between the labeled motor neurons.The characteristics of both sel     

Reproductive strategies of primates: The influence of body size and diet on litter size

The frequency of multiple births, life history parameters, body size, and diet characteristics were obtained from the literature for 70 primate species. The general pattern within the primate order is to have single infant litters, yet multiple births regularly occur in a number of species in specific phylogenetic groups. Primates which have large litters tend to be small, have short gestation periods and give birth to small infants, which are weaned quickly, and mature rapidly. Species in which multiple births are common also have short interbirth intervals and in the Callitrichidae have males which exhibit paternal care. In addition, they are commonly insectivorous. Although it is difficult to isolate the effects of diet on litter size, independent of body size, analyses suggest that after the influence of body size is statistically removed, as the proportion of insects in the diet increases, animals have larger litters. We suggest that by adopting a mixed diet of insects and fruit primates may be able to ensure access to a seasonally stable food resource that is not greatly restricted by the presence of toxins. This diet would allow a relatively high metabolism and facilitate large litters.     

Effects of various straw incorporation strategies on soil phosphorus fractions and transformations

Returning straw to the field is an effective method for optimizing the soil phosphorus (P) availability, in which bacteria play an important role. However, the effects of various straw incorporation strategies on P transformation between different soil P pools remain unclear. In this study, variations in soil P fractions, phosphatase activities and the abundance of phosphatase genes (phoD, phoX and phoC) as well as a P-solubilizing gene (pqqC) at DNA (total) and cDNA (transcribed) levels were analysed in three straw incorporation treatments, including chopped straw (StrawD), straw compost (Compost) and straw-derived biochar (Biochar), and control (no straw, CK). Compared with the CK, the moderately labile inorganic P (NaOH I-P_i) content significantly decreased and the non-available P (Residual P) content significantly increased in the StrawD treatment. At the same time, phosphodiesterase (PD) activity and the transcribed phoC and phoX genes as well as total pqqC gene abundance significantly increased in the StrawD treatment, suggesting that the input of chopped straw stimulated P transformations from both organic and inorganic P pools. In addition, the stable P_i (NaOH II-P_i) content and total pqqC gene abundance in the Biochar treatment were significantly higher than that in the CK, indicating that the input of biochar increased the NaOH II-P_i that could release available P by Pi-solubilizing bacteria. In comparison to the CK, the Compost input significantly decreased one labile Pi (resin-P_i) only. However, its P fractions were significantly different from that of CK, Biochar and StrawD treatments, suggesting that the effects of compost input on P should not be ignored. In conclusion, chopped straw input increased soil P transformation but not available P, biochar input may promote inorganic P transformation, and compost input has a latent effect on P transformation. The study provided a comprehensive understanding of straw incorporation strategies for regulating soil P availability.     

橙盖鹅膏多糖(AC-1)体外免疫调节活性、细胞毒性和抗肿瘤活性的研究

为研究橙盖鹅膏多糖的体外免疫调节活性、细胞毒性和抗肿瘤活性,本研究运用细胞学技术探究AC-1对T细胞、B细胞和RAW264.7三种免疫细胞的体外免疫调节活性;研究AC-1对小鼠成纤维细胞(L929)的细胞毒性以及对小鼠胃癌细胞(MFC)、小鼠肉瘤细胞(S180)的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,AC-1能在体外显著刺激三种免疫细胞的增殖及RAW264.7细胞的吞噬,表明AC-1在增强机体免疫方面具有重要作用,进一步研究发现AC-1主要通过显著促进IgE和IgG的分泌来增强体液免疫。在浓度为5~20μg/mL时AC-1对L929细胞无显著的促进及抑制作用,说明AC-1对正常细胞无毒性;在浓度为10~20μg/mL时AC-1能显著抑制小鼠胃癌细胞(MFC)的生长,但对小鼠肉瘤细胞(S180)的抑制效果较弱,说明AC-1在体外能够直接抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,但对不同的肿瘤细胞具有不同的抑制效果。综上所述,橙盖鹅膏多糖(AC-1)在体外具有良好的免疫调节活性、抗肿瘤活性,但对不同的肿瘤细胞具有不同的抑制效果并且对正常细胞无毒性。     

AM 真菌影响三叶草根系抗氧化酶活性的系统效应

本文对三叶草接种AM 真菌根内球囊霉, 用盆栽试验和分根试验测定根系的菌根侵染率和抗氧化酶活性, 研究AM 真菌对根系抗氧化酶活性的影响以及该影响的系统性。结果表明, 盆栽试验中接种根内球囊霉显著提高了根系中SOD、POD、CAT 的活性, 表明AM 真菌可以促进根系的抗氧化酶活性; 分根试验中一半根系接种了根内球囊霉的植株, 其另一半未接种的根系SOD、POD 活性也增加, 表明AM 真菌对根系抗氧化酶系统的促进具有系统效应。由于抗氧化酶系统是植物产生抗逆性的生理生化基础, 可以推测, AM 真菌对根系抗氧化酶活性的系统性提高有助于保护根系整体, 而非仅仅保护受侵染根段。     

月腺大戟(Euphorbia ebracteolata)根部提取物抑菌作用的测定

以小麦赤霉病病菌（Fusarium graminerum）、油菜菌核病病菌（Sclerotirda scleotiorum）、棉花黄萎病病菌（Verticillium dahliae）、苹果炭疽病病菌（Glomarella cingulata）、甜瓜蔓枯病病菌（Mycosphaerella melonis）为供试病原菌,采用琼胶平板法对月腺大戟根部丙酮提取物进行了离体抑菌活性测定;月腺大戟根部提取物样品供试质量浓度分别设为0．05g／mL,0．1g／mL,0．2g／mL．0．4g／mL四个梯度。测定结果表明：不同浓度月腺大戟根部丙酮提取物对5种供试病原菌均表现为很强的抑菌作用,该研究为月腺大戟根部进一步开发植物性农药提供理论依据。     

Human activities influence the occupancy probability of mammalian carnivores in the Brazilian Caatinga

The Caatinga is a semi‐arid domain, characterized by reduced humidity and high rates of anthropogenic impact. In addition to the low availability of water, carnivorous mammals are still exposed to a number of threats related to landscape modifications. We used data from camera traps and occupancy models to investigate the habitat use by carnivores in an area of Caatinga in northeastern Brazil. We found a negative correlation between the distance from wind farms and the occupancy probability of the jaguar, and a positive correlation with the occupancy probability of the jaguarundi. Puma and jaguarundi occupied primarily sites near watercourses, whereas the occupancy of the crab‐eating fox was correlated positively with the presence of poachers. The ocelot was detected more frequently at sites distant from human settlements, whereas the jaguar was detected more often in areas far from wind farms. We found a negative correlation between the distance of water and the detection of the ocelot. The detection of the crab‐eating fox was influenced positively by the detection of cattle. In addition to the negative influence of some anthropic activities, our results indicate that water is a very important resource for species, and the few permanent sources of this resource available in the area must be preserved. The replication of our research in other systems, worldwide, that are experiencing similar pressures, should permit a systematic evaluation of the management and conservation strategies needed to rebuild or maintain populations, restore ecosystems, and support conservation policies in human‐altered landscapes. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.     

Harvested locations influence the total phenolic content,antioxidant levels,cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of stingless bee honey

Kelulut honey (KH) is a natural product-derived food produced by stingless bees of Trigona or Meliponine species. Several studies have shown that the geographical origin of honey significantly affects its pharmacological properties. Thus, this study aims to characterise the pharmacological properties of KH harvested from different geographical locations. The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant levels, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of pure KH harvested from three different locations (Sarawak, Pahang and Selangor) were compared. Among the samples, KH harvested from Selangor exhibited the highest TPC, antioxidant levels, and cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, followed by KH harvested from Sarawak and Pahang. The IC₅₀ of MCF-7 cells treated with KH harvested from Selangor was at least 2-fold lower than the IC₅₀ of MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that KH is more cytotoxic to oestrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive (MCF-7) compared to triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. Two non-cytotoxic concentrations (1% and 0.5%; v/v) were selected for the anti-inflammatory assay using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. KH harvested from Selangor and Pahang (at a concentration of 1%; v/v) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells compared to control cells. These findings provide evidence that the geographical origin of KH may indeed influence its pharmacological properties. Our data suggest that KH harvested from Selangor has a better quality compared to KH harvested from Pahang and Sarawak based on its high TPC, antioxidant levels and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, it exhibits in vitro anticancer potential in breast cancer cell lines.