鹤山丘豆科混交林下几种植物的水分生态研究

测定了鹤山豆科混交林的土壤含水量、林下３种植物（本叉苦、鬼灯笼和山菅兰）叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔导度和相应的环境因子,了解林下植物的水分生理生态特征。在湿季,蒸腾速率和气孔导度的日变化曲线呈单峰型,两者的变化趋势相似。在旱季,两者之间的日变化曲线存在差异,山菅兰的蒸腾速率呈双峰型,其它两种植物呈单峰型;气孔导度的峰值都出现在早晨。鬼灯笼的蒸腾速率呈双峰型,其它两种植物呈单峰型;气孔导度的峰值都出现在早     

北京杨水分生理生态特性研究

对北京杨水分生理生态的研究表明 ,生长期北京杨蒸腾速率的日变化呈早晚低、中午高的抛物线型。生长期北京杨蒸腾速率 ( Tr)的平均值为 598.8mg/ gld· h。蒸腾速率的日变化分别与光照强度 ( L)及光照强度 ( L)与气温 ( T)和相对湿度 ( H)的复合因子 ( L· T;L/ H)相关性极显著。生长期北京杨小枝水势 ( Wp)的平均值为 -1 .0 50 6MPa;早、晚高、午间低。小枝水势日变化与 L及复合因子 L· T、L/ H 相关性极显著。 8～ 1 0月光合速率 ( Pn)的平均值为 1 1 .94 mg/ dm2· h;光合速率日变化与 L日变化的关系显著。北京杨饱和含水时的最大渗透势 ( Ψsat)、膨压为零时的渗透势 ( Ψtlp)和质外体水相对含量 ( AWC)的变化规律表现为从生长期初到生长期末 (绝对值 )逐渐升高的趋势 ;而膨压为零时的渗透水相对含量( ROWCtlp)和膨压为零时的相对含水量 ( RWCtlp)呈波动变化 ,但仍具有生长活跃期 ( 5、6和 8月份 )较高的特点。     

鹤山丘陵豆科混交林下几种植物的水分生态研究

测定了鹤山豆科混交林的土壤含水量、林下３种植物（三叉苦、鬼灯笼和山菅兰）叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔导度和相应的环境因子,了解林下植物的水分生理生态特性。在湿季,蒸腾速率和气孔导度的日变化曲线呈单峰型,两者的变化趋势相似。在旱季,两者之间的日变化曲线存在差异,山菅兰的蒸腾速率呈双峰型,其它两种植物呈单峰型;气孔导度的峰值都出现在早晨。鬼灯笼的蒸腾速率和气孔导度最高,生于底层的草本植物山菅兰最低,湿季的蒸腾速率和气孔导度高于旱季。     

鹤山人工马占相思林水分生态研究

 通过对马占相思叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔导度及其相应环境因子的测定,探讨鹤山丘陵人工马占相思林的水分生理生态特征。结果表明：蒸腾速率和气孔导度具有明显的日变化,两者的变化趋势相似,在夏季的日变化曲线呈双峰型,冬季呈单峰型;夏季的蒸腾速率最高,在冬季最低,仅占夏季的27.6％;马占相思林的蒸腾耗水量在旱季和雨季有明显的差异,旱季的蒸腾耗水量占雨季的25.5％,年蒸腾量为1625.1mm,占同期降水量的78.3％;马占相思林的蒸腾量接近热带雨林。     

西南喀斯特地区四种植物水分生理的初步研究

通过对喀斯特地区的4种植物红背山麻杆、圆叶乌桕、青檀和水冬瓜的水分特征进行测定和比较,结果表明:植物的组织含水量、临界饱和亏缺和需水程度均存在显著差异,其抗旱能力以青檀最强;水分利用效率饱和点以落叶灌木红背山麻杆最高,在600μmol.m-2·s-1左右,光辐射与气孔导度呈对数关系;而三个落叶乔木树种的WUE的光饱和点均在400μmol·m-2·s-1左右,光辐射与蒸腾速率、气孔导度均呈线性极显著相关关系;观测结果没有显示蒸腾饱和现象。     

遮荫条件下绞股蓝光合作用特点的研究

在夏季遮荫条件下栽培绞股蓝的净光合速率日变化呈现不典型的双峰曲线,第1峰值出现在11：00时,达13．8μmolCO2·m^-2·S^-1日净光合速率达到176．97μmol CO2·m^-2,是强光下栽培的3．1倍;净光合速率和光量子通量密度呈正相关,相对湿度对净光合速率的影响小．强光下栽培绞股蓝。光合作用“午休”现象明显,净光合速率日变化呈现双峰曲线,第1峰值出现在10：00时,为3．0μmol CO2·m^-2·s^-1．第2峰值出现在14：00时,为1．25μmol CO2·m^-2·s^-1;相对湿度与净光合速率成正相关,对净光合速率的影响大．当光量子通量超过700μmol·m^-2·s^-1时,净光合速率与光量子通量密度呈负相关．在影响该植物蒸腾速率的诸多因子中,蒸腾速率和气孔导度之间的相关性最为显著．因此绞股蓝属于高度耐荫而怕光的植物．人工栽培应重点考虑光照因子．     

钇元素对玉米幼苗水分利用效率的调控

盆栽实验条件下,研究不同浓度钇元素对玉米幼苗水分生理特性的影响,并分析其对玉米幼苗水分利用效率(WUE)的调控。结果表明,钇用皱在干土中的浓度为0～0．05mg／g时,玉米幼苗的根长、根冠比(R／S)、WUE呈升高趋势;当钇用量在干土中的浓度为0．05～0．50mg／g时,玉米幼苗的根长、R／S、WUE呈下降趋势。随着钇用量的增加．气孔导度(Cs)始终呈下降趋势,叶水势(LWP)始终呈升高趋势。钇元素作用下玉米幼苗WUE的提高得益于根系活性的增强和适宜的Cs,使干物质的积累和水分的耗散达到最优值．干土中最佳钇用量为0．05mg／g。     

三种乡土树种在二种林分改造模式下的生理生态比较

在丘陵荒山先锋树种马占相思林的林窗和均匀间伐50％(简称林冠层下)的2种林分改造模式下,研究了降真香、红椎和火力楠3种乡土树种生长初期的生理生态。结果表明,不管是在冬季或夏季,林窗中比林冠层下有更高的光合有效辐射(PAR)和相对湿度(RH),并且有较低的气温(Tair),林窗与林内最主要的差异是PAR的变化。生长在林窗里的植株比林冠层下的叶片小而厚,叶片单位面积干重增加,林窗里的植株叶片有较高的叶绿素含量。冬天,降真香和红椎在林窗里和林冠层下的净光合速率(Pn)日变化曲线都为单峰型,而火力楠在林窗下为双峰型,林冠层下为单峰型。3种树种在林窗里和林冠层下植株的蒸腾速率(Tr)有较相似的日进程,都为单峰型。2种林分改造模式下3种树种叶片气孔导度(GS)的日变化也较相似,与PAR的变化趋势相似,而与RH变化呈相反趋势。冬季。降真香和红椎在林窗的水分利用效率(WUE)比林冠层下稍高,而火力楠在林冠层下则比林窗高．但它们都无显著差异。夏天,3种树种在林窗和林冠层下的Pn与冬天有相似的结果。夏季红椎和降真香在林窗的Tr比林冠层下高,而火力楠在林冠层下的Tr比林窗高。Gs的变化趋势也与PAR相似,与RH变化趋势相反。夏季,降真香和火力楠的WUE在林窗比林冠层下高,但红椎却比林冠层下的低。3个树种中火力楠的WUE最高。3种树种在林窗和林冠层下的wUE都是冬季比夏季高。综合植物各项生理生态指标的分析结果可知,降真香和红椎较适宜种植在林窗里,而火力楠较能适应有一定郁闭度的林冠层下。     

云锦杜鹃夏季气体交换和水分利用效率日变化

云锦杜鹃净光合速率和气孔导度日变化曲线为"双峰"型,光合效率午间明显降低,主要由非气孔限制引起。表观量子效率和实际光化学效率的降低是非气孔限制形成和发展的深层原因。蒸腾速率的日变化为"单峰型",午间最高。水分利用效率早晚较高、午间较低。净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率分别与一些环境因子的相关性达到0.01或0.05显著水平。利用多元逐步回归方法分别得到了净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率与环境因子的最优方程。     

米瓦罐光合日变化的研究

采用LI-6400便携式光合系统研究了米瓦罐的光合日变化.结果表明,米瓦罐光合速率的日变化呈单峰曲线,上午10:00时光合速率最大,为31.5μmolCO2/(m2·s);7:00时的表观量子效率最高,为0.032 CO2/quantum;气孔导度的变化趋势与光合速率一致,10时出现最大值,为0.521 molH2O/(m2·s);11时蒸腾速率最快,为6.82mmolH2O/(m2·s);水分利用效率8时最高,为7.07μmolCO2/mmolH2O.     

海南岛芦荟属若干药用植物花粉酶化学变化

本文实地取样检测分析了海南不同产地芦荟属3种药用植物花粉4种活性酶总蛋白、总酶量值水平,结果表明,木剑芦蔡＞库拉索芦荟＞非洲芦荟,经t值检验种间花粉量值变化范围,顺序分别为6.01－8.17g/L、37.24-42.49U/L,进而显示了芦荟花粉活性酶化学变化与蛋白质、酶的组分含量相辅相成。     

海南岛翠叶芦荟生态生物学特性及花粉活性酶类含量

本文实地观测了海南岛翠叶芦荟生态环境、生物学特性和不同产地植株开花习性 ,检测了植株生境不一 ,其花粉活性酶类含量变化 ,结果表明翠叶芦荟植株生长发育、生物学、开化特性、花粉、活性酶类含量变化均与生态环境息息相关     

Flower Structure and Reproductive Biology of Bougainvillea stipitata (Nyctaginaceae)

Abstract: Bougainvillea stipitata displays inflorescences with three pendant greenish flowers. Flowers open at sunset and last five days. Flower perianth is constricted in the middle and forms a tube that ends in five lobes. Fragrance is emitted by the papillae located on the lobe margins of the perianth. The nectary is located at the base of the staminal tube. It secretes fructose-dominant nectar with amino acids, phenols and reduced acids. Nectar secretion is continuous during flower lifetime and the flowers do not recover the reward. Mainly moths visit flowers. Pollen load on stigmas indicates that most flowers received more than 50 pollen grains, which are deposited by pollinators within the first two days of the flower life. Although the low natural fruit set of this self-incompatible species may be due to intraplant pollen flow, pollinators play an essential role for B. stipitata fruit production.     

Phytochemical Diversity,Classification and Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Plant Species from Tabuk (Saudi Arabia)

The main objectives of this study were to investigate the intra-specific and inter-specific phytochemical diversity and classification of nine important medicinal plant species from Tabuk region (KSA), namely (Pulicaria undulata L., Pulicaria incisa Lam., Artemisia herba-alba Asso., Artemisia monosperma Delile, Artemisia judaica L. and Achillea fragrantissima Forssk. from Asteraceae family, Ducrosia flabellifolia Boiss. from Apiaceae family, Thymus vulgaris L. and Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. from Lamiaceae family); to evaluate the antibacterial potentials of the plant extracts, and to inspect the possible associations between phytochemical diversity and contents of different phytochemical classes with the antibacterial activities of plant extracts. GC/MS technique was used to identify phytochemicals in the plant extracts. The standard disk diffusion technique was used to conduct the antibiotic susceptibility against four pathogenic bacterial species (two Gram positive: Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and two Gram negative species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A total of 160 different phytochemicals belonging to 30 compound classes were separated and identified. A. fragrantissima had the highest phytochemical diversity and P. incisa had the lowest one. Phytochemical beta diversity was 6.2362. Ethanol outperformed other extraction solvents in terms of antibacterial activity, while Pulicaria undulata and T. vulgaris ranked highest among plants in this regard. Gram positive bacterial species were more sensitive to plant extracts compared to Gram negative species. Phytochemical diversity and antibacterial activity of plant extracts against E. coli and P. aeruginosa were positively correlative, terpenoid and benzene & substituted derivative contents exhibited significant (p<0.05) positive correlations with the antibacterial activity against E. coli, terpenoid contents also showed positive correlation with activity against P. aeruginosa; benzene & derivative showed positive correlation with activity against the rest of bacterial species,     

Tissue Peculiarities of Energy Metabolism Enzyme Activity and ATP Content In Black Sea Ruff Scorpaena porcus (Scorpaenidae)

Journal of Ichthyology - The activities of cytosolic oxidoreductases (malate and lactate dehydrogenases) and the level of ATP production in the hypoxic resistive tissues of Scorpaena porcus...     

Pollination and Reproductive Biology of Rauvolfia grandiflora (Apocynaceae): Secondary Pollen Presentation, Herkogamy and Self-Incompatibility

Abstract: The pollination and reproductive biology of Rauvolfia grandiflora were studied in natural populations in the forest of the Recife Botanical Garden. R. grandiflora is a shrubby species (2 to 5 m), the flowers are hermaphrodite and salverform. The corolla tube is white and the five free lobes of the corolla are flushed with violet. The five stamens are attached to the corolla tube; the anthers are introrse and form a cone situated immediately above the stigmatic head. There is a space between the anthers and the stigmatic head, where the pollen is deposited. The stigmatic head has three functional regions: a) an upper sterile region; b) a median region that produces a sticky substance and c) a lower receptive region, which is located beneath a basal collar. The secondary pollen presentation and the herkogamy mechanisms are discussed. Sugar concentration in nectar was, on average, 31.7%. The pollen viability was 97.4%. R. grandiflora is melittophilous and in the study area was found to be pollinated by only one species of long-tongued bee, Exaerete smaragdina. R. grandiflora was found to be self-incompatible, and the percentage of fruit set under natural conditions was low.     

大戟甲羟戊酸途径关键酶基因hmgr的克隆与分析

通过比较6种植物8条甲羟戊酸途径关键酶3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)基因同源区域,设计简并引物,利用RT-PCR技术成功地从大戟(Euphorbia pekinensis)叶中扩增出458bp的基因片段。通过BlastP比较,所推断的大戟HMGR蛋白序列与杜仲Eucommia ulmoides(AAV54051)、穿心莲Andrographis paniculata(AAP14352)、胡黄连Picrorhiza kurrooa(ABC74565)、橡胶树Hevea brasiliensis(AAU08214)、海岛棉Gossypium barba-dense(ABC71314)、龙胆草Gentiana lutea(BAE92730)的一致性分别达到90%、86%、86%、92%、87%和88%。蛋白质保守区、特征区以及进化树分析,初步证实该基因为hmgr基因,这是首次报道从药用植物大戟中克隆到甲羟戊酸途径关键酶HMGR的基因片段。     

Activity of Ageing Carnation Flower Parts and the Effects of 1-(Malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid-Induced Ethylene

Peak levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) in flower parts of ageing carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv Scanea 3C) were detected 6 to 9 days after flower opening. The ethylene climacteric and the first visible sign of wilting was observed 7 days after opening. The concentration of conjugated ACC in these same tissues peaked at day three with reduction of 70% by day 4. From day 5 to day 9 all parts followed a diurnal pattern of increasing in conjugate levels 1 day and decreasing the next. Concentrations of conjugated ACC were significantly higher than those of ACC in all ageing parts. Preclimacteric petals treated with ACC or 1-(malonylamino)-cycloprane-1-carboxylic acid (MACC), started to senesce 30 to 36 hours after treatment. When petals were treated with MACC plus by 0.1 millimolar aminoethyoxyvinylglycine, premature senescence was induced, while ethylene production was suppressed relative to MACC-treated petals. Petals treated with MACC and silver complex produced ethylene, but did not senesce. The MACC-induced ethylene was inhibited by the addition of 1.0 millimolar CoC1₂. These results demonstrate MACC-induced senescence in preclimacteric petals. The patterns of ACC and MACC detected in the flower parts support the view that an individual part probably does not export an ethylene precursor to the remainder of the flower inducing senescence.     

茶树花粉特异蛋白基因CsPSP1的分离及序列分析

利用cDNA-AFLP技术比较了茶树[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze cv.Wulong]花蕾发育早期和晚期的基因表达,结果表明存在明显差异。以E12和M20为引物对在晚期发育花蕾中筛选出一条281 bp特异表达的差异条带TDF53(transcipt-derived-fragment,TDF)。RT-PCR分析表明该片段只在晚期发育花蕾中特异表达。用RACE方法延伸其末端序列,克隆并测序获得全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号:DQ887753)。该基因全长2079 bp,开放阅读框1701 bp,编码567个氨基酸,其分子量为63 kDa。序列和结构的同源性分析表明:该基因编码的氨基酸序列与烟草、油菜的花粉特异蛋白等同源性较高,由此推定,该基因为编码茶树花粉特异蛋白的基因,并将分离到的花粉特异蛋白基因命名为CsPSP1。     

Effect of Explant Source on Axillary Shoot Multiplication During Micropropagation of a Rare Medicinal Plant — Wattakaka volubilis (L f) Stapf

Nodal explants of in vivo plants and in vitro seedlings of Wattakaka volubilis were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium fortified with various concentrations of cytokinins — BA (0.5–5 mg l^?1), KN (0.5–10 mg l^?1),TDZ (0.05–1 mg l^?1) either singly or in combination with NAA (0.1 mg l^?1). KN proved best for inducing healthy shoots in both in vitro and in vivo derived explants. Maximum number of shoots (14.1±0.84) with 80% regeneration frequency was obtained from nodal explants of seedlings cultured on 5 mg 1^?1 KN + 0.1 mg l^?1 NAA. In vivo nodal explants produced a maximum of 4.2 shoots on MS medium fortified with 2 mg l^?1 BA+0.1 mg l^?1 NAA. The differentiated shoots from both could be rooted with 85% frequency on 1/2 strength MS medium (1% sucrose) with 0.6% agar + 1 mg l^?1 IBA + 0.2 mg l^?1 KN. Rooted shoots were transplanted to vermiculite-soil (3:1) mixture in polyethylene covered pots with 45% transplantation success. Peroxidase isozymes (native PAGE) analysis helped to verify the variation in regenerated plants.