Ethnobotanical research on the dying Dong cloth in Tongdao, Hunan Province

侗族人民千百年来,一直从事侗布的染制.该文对湖南通道的侗布染制进行了详细的民族植物学研究,发现侗布的染制工艺繁杂,不同的人所用的植物有较大差异.侗布染制共涉及野生及栽培植物16种,分属14科16属.这些植物都有一定的药用功效,有些植物在染布中属首次报道.侗布染制的民族植物学知识在各个村寨流失严重,需要加强挖掘和整理.     

民族植物学认识的几个误区

民族植物学是研究一定地区的人群与植物界(包括所有在经济上、文化上和其他方面有重要价值的植物)之间的全面关系, 同时也研究社会结构、行为和植物之间的相互作用。民族植物学在寻找新资源、探索植物资源可持续利用和保护途径中已经发挥了非常重要的作用。但民族植物学在我国的发展还相对滞后, 其中对民族植物学在理解上存在的误区是导致民族植物学不为更多人所了解的主要因素之一。本文对容易导致对民族植物学产生误解的6个方面(包括“民族植物学就是研究少数民族利用植物的科学”、“民族植物学仅仅是文献考证的一门学科”、“民族植物学无定量方法”等) 进行了初步分析, 以期让更多的人了解民族植物学, 参与到民族植物学研究中来。     

湖南通道侗族端午节中的民族植物学

通过长期的民族植物学调查,我们发现通道侗族端午节文化习俗古老,保留有传统的祭祀、药浴、配戴饰品、食用保健野菜等习俗.在端午节中,人们利用的植物种类丰富,用于悬挂门户的植物有4种,涉及4科4属;用于药浴的植物有31种,涉及20科28属;用于保健的野生植物有47种,涉及33科44属.这些植物大多为野生药用植物,它们作用不一,用法也不尽相同,而其中一些能用来悬挂、药浴及保健的植物未见有相关报道,它们所包含的科学知识需要进一步去揭示.通道侗族聚居区的民族植物学知识蕴藏丰富,值得仔细深入地发掘和全面研究.     

民族植物学认识的几个误区

民族植物学是研究一定地区的人群与植物界(包括所有在经济上、文化上和其他方面有重要价值的植物)之间的全面关系,同时也研究社会结构、行为和植物之间的相互作用.民族植物学在寻找新资源、探索植物资源可持续利用和保护途径中已经发挥了非常重要的作用.但民族植物学在我国的发展还相对滞后,其中对民族植物学在理解上存在的误区是导致民族植物学不为更多人所了解的主要因素之一.本文对容易导致对民族植物学产生误解的6个方面(包括"民族植物学就是研究少数民族利用植物的科学"、"民族植物学仅仅是文献考证的一门学科"、"民族植物学无定量方法"等)进行了初步分析,以期让更多的人了解民族植物学,参与到民族植物学研究中来.     

广西民族食俗中的植物

广西壮族自治区地处祖国南疆,境内居住着壮、汉、瑶、苗、侗、仫佬、毛南、回族等２５个民族。优厚的自然条件,蕴藏着丰富植物资源,加上多民族的传统使本地区形成丰富的食俗文化。据调查,广西各族民俗中常用植物有近２００多种。在不同地域的各民族之间,所食用的植物又有所不同,形成了广西民族食俗文化的多样性。在广西,壮、瑶、侗、仫佬、毛南等民族喜食五色饭与糯米糍粑;侗、苗、仫佬、毛南、水族喜食酸菜;水族喜吃“辣椒骨”;侗、瑶、苗等民族喜欢打油茶;壮族、京族喜欢嚼槟榔。独特的传统习俗在广西能不断地延续,成为广西开…     

滇东南壮族民族植物学简介

壮族是我国55个少数民族中人口最多的一个民族,主要分布于广西、广东和云南省的文山州.壮族人民有着自己悠久的历史和璀灿的文化,但没有自己的文字,这些文化仅靠言传口授在民间流传,在现代文化冲击之下,部分民族文化已濒临失传.有关民族植物学部分因其需要植物分类学知识方能向其他兄弟民族作介绍和交流,因而,壮族民族植物学中的植物种类被其他民族所认识者更寥若晨星.为此,本文作者认为有必要写一篇"简介",一是向兄弟民族交流壮族民族植物学,二是向植物分类学家提供部分植物种类的新用途,三是向有志于研究壮族民族植物学的学者作一抛砖引玉.     

深圳大学校园维管植物调查研究

据调查深圳大学校园有维管植物113科、295属、411种,其中蕨类植物7科8属10种;裸子植物6科8属10种;被子植物100科279属390种.统计结果表明,校园栽种有国家重点保护植物8种,药用植物164种、食用植物32种、油脂植物26种、芳香植物16种、蜜源植物6种、有毒植物5种.在对校园植被进行调查的基础上,提供了植物学教学基础资料,对植物资源的种类和特点进行了分析,并对其保护和开发利用提出了建议.     

民族植物学研究二十年回顾

对我国民族植物学研究在二十年问的发展进行了简要综述.民族植物学于1896年诞生于美国,1982年被引入中国,1987年我国第一个民族植物学研究室在中国科学院昆明植物研究所成立,经过二十年的发展,我国民族植物学已经形成了自身的研究理论体系、内容、方法和途径,将民族植物学从基础描述性研究推进到了应用研究,在植物资源可持续利用、牛物多样性保护和农村区域发展协调发展等领域开展研究,取得了若十进展.本文对昆明植物研究所民族植物学的发展历史,取得的研究进展与成果,学科建设和人才培养,民族植物学的理论创新与发展,以及推进民族植物学在我国的发展等进行了回顾和简述,并提出我国民族植物学未来发展三个方而的建议.     

民族植物学—社会及文化价值初探

简要介绍民族植物学的性质、研究现况及其在经济、生态、环境和学术上的应用情况。民族植物学的社会价值通过其在增强民族自信心、伦理学和知识产权等方面的作用得以论证。民族植物学的文化价值具体而生动,体现于种种直接的植物文化现象（如植物礼仪文化、食花文化、树叶信、草药文化等）和宗教行为（如植物图腾、树神崇拜、神林崇拜等）。通过对民族植物学的经济、生态价值和社会、文化价值的分析,作者相信,民族植物学对于文化多样性和生物多样性的保护将起到积极的作用。     

第三届中国民族植物学学术研讨会暨第二届亚太地区民族植物学论坛

民族植物学是一个新兴的跨学科研究领域,是研究与探索人和植物之间全面关系的学科,是自然科学和社会科学相互渗透的学科。民族植物学在我国还处于初创阶段,需要更多的关心和支持,它的发展将必然会对我国各民族、各地区的经济发展产生重要的影响。由中国民族植物学协会（筹）主办,江苏省中国科学院植物研究所承办的第三届中国民族植物学学术研讨会暨第二届亚太地区民族植物学论坛将于2006年11月13～15日在中国南京召开。     

Botanists and their childhood memories: an underutilized expert source in ethnobotanical research

Botanists are an overlooked group of informants in ethnobotanical studies. The aim of this study was to assess their potential as sources of original ethnobotanical information. Wild food plants remembered by Polish botanists from their childhood were freelisted by 71 botanists. The results were compared with several ethnobotanical studies: three from the 21^st century and one from the mid‐20^th century. The botanists listed 123 species (mean of 9.3 species per individual). Although the average number of personal freelists was slightly lower for botanists than for local key informants in two of the other studies (11 and 13, respectively), the total list of species was longer than in any other Polish ethnobotanical study. Two of the ethnobotanical studies supplied richer material on past famine plants, whereas the botanists mentioned many alien plants and plants from urban habitats not mentioned in the ethnographical study. It can be concluded that botanists are possibly the best source of information for studies of contemporary or new uses of plants, but are inadequate for uses that are dying out. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 168 , 334–343.     

湖南侗族体质人类学初步研究

对湖南省通道侗族自治县575名侗族成年男(295)女(280)进行了活体测量,根据身高、头面部等测量结果,分析该民族的体质特征。     

湖南侗族体质现状及其与30年前资料的比较

对湖南通道侗族自治县326(男118,女108)例正常成年侗族进行了活体观察与活体测量,分析了侗族的体质特征及其对应分型,通过与30年前同一地区的资料进行动态比较分析显示,湖南侗族身高没有明显变化,头面部的形态有向长窄高变化的趋势,女性体质特征变化较男性更明显。同时,湖南侗族与我国南方其他19个群体聚类分析结果表明,湖南侗族体质特征与广西侗族、湖北侗族、广西彝族和瑶族,以及贵州三都布依族较接近。     

贫困山区新型农村合作医疗的发展现状——以通道侗族自治县为例

目的：调查贫困山区新农合发展现状及存在问题。方法：采用问卷调查法和访谈法,从新农合参合人、基层实施者及管理者的角度调查通道侗族自治县新农合发展情况。结果：该县参合率逐年增高;新农合制度本身已获得了该县广大农民及基层医务人员肯定及认可;基本实现了“小伤小病不出村,大病基本不出县”的就医格局。结论：该县新农合发展情况良好,但实施过程中还存在农民对政策了解不全面、筹资困难、监督制度不完善等问题。     

湖南侗族的手纹研究

报道了湖南通道侗族337例正常人的指纹型、总指纹嵴数（TFRC）、a-b纹嵴线（a-bRC)、atd角、轴三角百分距（tPD)、大鱼际纹、小鱼际纹、指间区纹、掌褶纹、掌纹主线横向指数（MLIT）等手纹参数正常值,并与侗族不同人群和湖南周边不同民族进行了比较,发现湖南侗族手掌真实花纹和掌褶纹分布频率与湖南周边其他已研究过的民族和侗族群体存在明显差异。     

Traditional Uses of Wild Plants in the Middle Aegean Region of Turkey

This study investigates ethnobotanical uses of wild plants found on Honaz Mountain and its vicinity in Denizli Province in the middle Aegean region of Turkey. Eighty-one persons from 13 villages and six townships were interviewed. Nine hundred and sixty-four species, belonging to 60 plant families, were identified for which 381 different uses were recorded. Informants reported ethnobotanical uses for 19% of the identified species (184 out of 964): food (65), fodder (111), medicinal (119), firewood (28), handicrafts (16) and various other purposes (26). Medicinal tar production was particularly noted.     

Ethnobotanic garden design in the Ecuadorian Amazon

This study focuses on the documentation of traditional plant usage among Kichwa, the indigenous people from Canton Loreto, Ecuador. The relationship between people, plants and the natural environment is demonstrated in an ethnobotanical garden at the Capacity Building Centre of the town. The construction site for the ethnobotanical garden is a 1.5 ha secondary forest. The forest was analyzed with a local key informant and 150 different useful species were found. The plant species recorded are mainly used for medicinal purposes, followed by edible plants, and finally by food sources for animals. Open-ended interviews were conducted with the aim of identifying the most commonly used plant species among the Kichwas. The results showed that Ilex guayusa ranked most popular, followed by Myroxylon balsamum, Cedrela odorata, Banisteriopsis caapi, and Urera caracasana. Focus groups were held and the most important plant applications were evaluated. The collected data illustrated that Kichwas attach great importance to medicinal and ritual plants, followed by plants used for handcraft. Edible plants rank afterwards, followed by dye plants and plants used for hunting. The above findings serve as the backbone of the design for the ethnobotanical garden. The garden acts as a tool to preserve and promote the knowledge of plants, focusing mainly on medicinal plants. The growing areas for the plant species were determined according to their importance to the Kichwas. The concept of the ethnobotanical garden conveys the holistic picture drawn from the investigation on people and plants of the Kichwas.     

Indigenous Medicinal Plants in Mexico: the Example of the Nahua (Sierra de Zongolica)

As in most peasant cultures medicinal plants are a very important resource for the Nahua of the Sierra de Zongolica (Mexico). Documentation of the current indigenous medicinal uses of 203 plants in this region was conducted during 18 months of fieldwork. The 816 individual reports documented were divided into nine groups of indigenous uses. The frequency of usage of the individual plants reported was employed in the analysis of the ethnobotanical importance of the respective plants. Plants cited more frequently in a group of indigenous uses are regarded as of greater ethnobotanical importance than those cited only by a few informants. Data on phytochemistry, pharmacology and ethnobotany from the scientific literature were used to evaluate possible biological or pharmacological and toxicological effects of some particularly important plants. For most plants detailed studies on these actions are still lacking, which would allow a conclusive evaluation. This ethnobotanical evaluation forms the basis for such studies which have been started on some plants, and for better understanding their potential as minor economic products of the region. These uses may also give incentives to the conservation of the local biodiversity.     

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Inner-West Anatolia, Turkey

This study is focused on ethnobotanical usages of wild plants growing within the Afyonkarahisar province districts of Sinanpaşa, Hocalar and Dazkırı. Ninety local informants in 11 villages were interviewed. A total of 129 different usages of wild plants in the study area were recorded. Out of 650 plant species commonly present, 93 plant taxa (14.3%) belonging to 43 families were used for medicinal (52 citations), foodstuff (37 citations), fodder (14 citations), dye (six citations), firewood (five citations), construction materials (four citations) and miscellaneous purposes (11 citations). At least 15% of the information regarding ethnobotanical uses of wild plants was obtained by showing herbarium voucher samples to the informants. It was noted that Sideritis leptoclada and Verbascum stenostachyum are endemic to Turkey and their endangered status has markedly increased in recent years because of increased collecting for ethnobotanical purposes. Informants indicate that members of the younger generation have a much reduced interest in ethnobotanical knowledge and that this is a danger to the continued use of local plants.     

Traditional Plants Used in Southern Brazil as a Source to Wound Healing Therapies

In southern Brazil, the biodiversity is great and the traditional use of medicinal plants for wound healing has been documented in ethnobotanical studies and pharmacological studies have assessed their wound properties and phytochemistry. Therefore, this study evaluated ethnobotanical surveys regarding medicinal plants used in southern Brazil for wound healing and studies about the healing properties of these plants published between 2000 and 2022. To retrieve articles related to the study, Web of Science, PubMed (NLM), Open Access Journals, Scielo, Lilacs, and Google Scholar, with keywords including medicinal plants, wound healing, and South of Brazil, have been used. As a result, 73 medicinal plants belonging to 39 families were found in ethnobotanical surveys as a traditional resource used for wound healing in southern Brazil, 15 of which were cited more than once. Besides, 14 of these 15 plants were also used as healing agents worldwide. The most cited plant with healing actions in southern Brazil was Symphytum officinale L. (comfrey). From 2000 to date, 44 articles scientifically demonstrated the wound-healing effects of the southern Brazilian plants found in ethnobotanical surveys reviewed. The folk medicine of southern Brazil presents a variety of medicinal plants for wound-healing purposes, and scientific data were found for some of those plants. However, the wound-healing properties of many plants have yet to be investigated, and the current literature still needs more phytochemical information about the plants studied. Aside from this, the future focus should be on the standardization of herbal extracts, and further research is required to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms. Clinical research in this area remains in its infancy and warrants more robust further clinical studies.