Optimal Route for Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation to Protect Against Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury: Gene Expression Profiles and Histopathology

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal route of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation. To this end, gene expression profiling was performed to compare the effects of intratracheal (IT) versus intravenous (IV) MSC administration. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of each route to protect against neonatal hyperoxic lung injury was also determined. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to hyperoxia (90% oxygen) from birth for 14 days. Human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs labeling with PKH26 were transplanted through either the IT (5×10⁵) or IV (2×10⁶) route at postnatal day (P) 5. At P14, lungs were harvested for histological, biochemical and microarray analyses. Hyperoxic conditions induced an increase in the mean linear intercept and mean alveolar volume (MAV), indicative of impaired alveolarization. The number of ED-1 positive cells was significantly decreased by both IT and IV transplantations. However, IT administration of MSCs resulted in a greater decrease in MAV and ED-1 positive cells compared to IV administration. Moreover, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly decreased in the IT group, but not in the IV group. Although the IT group received only one fourth of the number of MSCs that the IV group did, a significantly higher number of donor cell-derived red PKH 26 positivity were recovered in the IT group. Hyperoxic conditions induced the up regulation of genes associated with the inflammatory response, such as macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α, tumor necrosis factor-α and inter leukin-6; genes associated with cell death, such as p53 and caspases; and genes associated with fibrosis, such as connective tissue growth factor. In contrast, hyperoxic conditions induced the dwon-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor. These hyperoxia-induced changes in gene expression were decreased in the IT group, but not in the IV group. Thus, local IT MSC transplantation was more effective than systemic IV MSC administration in protecting against neonatal hyperoxic lung injury.     

Proangiogenic Compositions of Microvesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Introduction & Objective

Microvesicles (MVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to promote angiogenesis. This study was aimed to shed a light on the mechanisms by analyzing the angiogenesis-promoting compositions of MSC-MVs. Also we try to figure out the impact of hypoxia on angiogenesis.

Methods

MVs were isolated from the culture supernatants of MSCs under hypoxia/normoxia and serum-deprivation condition. The morphological features of MVs were revealed by an electron microscope and the origin of the MVs was identified by a bead-bound assay. An antibody array was used to analyze the expression of angiogenic cytokines from MVs and the parent MSCs as well. The major candidate factors were screened and the results were validated by immune blotting.

Results

MSC-MVs were around 80 nm in diameter. They expressed CD29, CD44, and CD73, but not CD31 and CD45. Antibody array showed that both MSCs and MVs expressed many angiogenesis-promoting biomolecules, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF), and recptor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (UPAR). MSC-MVs contained angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and the receptor-2 for vascular endothelial growth factor at higher levels than the parent MSCs. Under hypoxic condition most cytokines were expressed in greater quantity than normoxic in MSCs while in MVs there was no significant difference between hypoxic and normoxic conditions except UPAR, Angiogenin, VEGF, IGF, Tie-2/TEK, and IL-6 which were higher in MVs under hypoxic conditions than those in normoxic condition.

Conclusion

Upon serum-deprivation condition, MSCs could secrete MVs that contain a variety of factors contributing to their angiogenesis-promoting function. And among them, Angiogenin, VEGF, MCP-1, VEGF R2 might be of greater importance than the other cytokines. Also UPAR, Angiogenin, VEGF, IGF, Tie-2/TEK, IL-6 might be responsible for hypoxia-augmented proangiogenic effects of MVs.     

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes Promote Neurological Function Recovery in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model

Neurochemical Research - Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to personal and social-economic consequences with limited therapeutic options. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal...     

脐血CD-34单个核细胞来源间充质干细胞研究

目的 :探讨分离培养脐血CD-3 4 细胞来源间充质干细胞 (MSC)及研究其生物学特征。方法 :取足月妊娠健康产妇胎儿脐血 ,分离其中单个核细胞 (MNC) ,去除CD 3 4 细胞 ,体外用低糖型DMEM培养基培养。观察细胞形态、测定生长曲线、利用流式细胞仪对培养细胞进行表型测定、细胞周期分析、体外诱导分化实验以及检测造血因子的表达情况。结果 :脐血CD-3 4 细胞中可培养出间充质干细胞 ,可诱导向成骨和脂肪细胞分化并表达IL 6、SCF和SDF 1等造血生长因子。结论 :从足月妊娠健康产妇脐血CD-3 4 细胞可分离培养出间充质干细胞 ,具有与其它来源MSC类似的表型及分化潜能 ,在体外传代可保持其低分化状态并表达造血因子 ,可作为组织工程的种子细胞和具有促进造血作用     

Mechanism of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived-Extracellular Vesicle in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Neurochemical Research - Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury process. In this study, after extraction and...     

人脐带间充质干细胞的安全性评价

干细胞治疗作为某些难治性疾病的新型治疗手段,在组织修复、自身免疫疾病和退行性疾病治疗中具有重要的临床价值.本研究以裸鼠为动物模型,通过裸鼠皮下成瘤、克隆形成和端粒酶活性等试验,评估人脐带间充质干细胞的安全性,为干细胞用于临床治疗的安全性提供参考.裸鼠成瘤性试验结果显示,阴性对照组和试验组成瘤数均为0,阳性对照组成瘤数为...     

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells Exhibit Similar Therapeutic Effects on an Acute Liver Failure Mouse Model

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have exhibited therapeutic effects in multiple animal models so that are promising liver substitute for transplantation treatment of end-stage liver diseases. However, it has been shown that over-manipulation of these cells increased their tumorigenic potential, and that reducing the in vitro culture time could minimize the risk. In this study, we used a D-galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharide (Gal/LPS)-induced acute liver failure mouse model, which caused death of about 50% of the mice with necrosis of more than 50% hepatocytes, to compare the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) before and after induction of differentiation into hepatocyte (i-Heps). Induction of hUCMSCs to become i-Heps was achieved by treatment of the cells with a group of growth factors within 4 weeks. The resulted i-Heps exhibited a panel of human hepatocyte biomarkers including cytokeratin (hCK-18), α-fetoprotein (hAFP), albumin (hALB), and hepatocyte-specific functions glycogen storage and urea metabolism. We demonstrated that transplantation of both cell types through tail vein injection rescued almost all of the Gal/LPS-intoxicated mice. Although both cell types exhibited similar ability in homing at the mouse livers, the populations of the hUCMSCs-derived cells, as judged by expressing hAFP, hCK-18 and human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF), were small. These observations let us to conclude that the hUCMSCs was as effective as the i-Heps in treatment of the mouse acute liver failure, and that the therapeutic effects of hUCMSCs were mediated largely via stimulation of host hepatocyte regeneration, and that delivery of the cells through intravenous injection was effective.     

人脐带间充质干细胞的分离培养与鉴定简

目的：建立并优化人脐带间充质干细胞分离纯化方法,并对其表面标志与多向分化潜能进行鉴定。方法：收集健康足月产胎儿脐带组织,采用组织块贴壁法进行原代培养,流式细胞仪对其表面标志进行检测,通过向成骨成脂分化对其多向分化潜能进行鉴定,RT-PCR对其干细胞特性基因Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin进行检测。结果：采用组织块贴壁法可在2周左右获得大量间充质干细胞,培养的细胞经流式细胞仪检测,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105、CD106,低表达CD34、CD45;经成骨成脂诱导2周后可分化为成骨细胞和成脂细胞,RT-PCR检测发现原代细胞表达Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin基因。结论：人脐带间充质干细胞可在体外扩增培养,具有多向分化潜能,可作为组织工程种子细胞来源。     

人滑膜间充质干细胞与人脐带间充质干细胞的生物学性状比较

该文旨在比较人滑膜间充质干细胞(human synovial mesenchymal stem cells,hSMSCs)与人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)的生物学性状.流式细胞仪鉴定hSMSCs和hUC-MSCs.比较两种间...     

不同数目骨髓间充质干细胞移植对大鼠肺损伤的抑制作用

目的研究不同数目的骨髓间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）静脉移植对野百合碱（monocrotaline,MCT）诱导大鼠肺损伤的抑制作用。方法全骨髓贴壁法培养Wistar大鼠MSCs,取第3～5代细胞进行移植。健康雄性Wistar大鼠20只由颈外静脉移植MSCs,按移植细胞个数分为5×105组、1×106组、5×106组和对照（生理盐水）组（n=5）,测定移植前、移植后5 min,30 min及24 h的RVSP。另40只随机分组（n=10）：①MCT/MSCs 5×105组;②MCT/MSCs 1×106组;③MCT组;④对照组,腹腔注射60 mg/kgM CT（对照组注射等量生理盐水）,同时分别移植MSCs 5×105个、1×106个或等量PBS液体。4周后检测大鼠右心室收缩压（right ventricularsystolic pressure,RVSP）、RV/（LV＋S）重量比值;肺组织苏木素-伊红染色、地衣红染色和平滑肌Actin免疫组织化学染色。统计数据采用SPSS 11.0软件,对各组数据进行单因素方差分析检验。结果少于1×106个MSCs颈外静脉移植是安全的。MSCs颈外静脉移植4周后,MCT/MSCs 1×106组RVSP（35.6±8.4）mmHg与MCT组（47.2±10.5）mmHg相比明显下降（P〈0.05）,心室比0.3572±0.0923明显低于MCT组0.4454±0.0935（P〈0.05）,而MCT/MSCs 5×105组RVSP为（42.5±11.3）mmHg,心室比0.4003±0.0725,与MCT组相比无明显下降（两者P〉0.05）;病理染色可见肺组织肺小动脉中,MCT/MSCs 1×106组中膜厚度分布为（19.2±3.8）%,较MCT组（26.4±4.9）%明显变薄（P〈0.05）;而MCT/MSCs 5×105组（23.3±3.6）%较MCT组相比无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论 MSCs颈外静脉移植对MCT诱导的肺损伤具有抑制作用,1×106个细胞较5×105个细胞移植抑制作用显著。     

Intravitreal Transplantation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells Protects Rats from Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

Objectives

To treat traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) with transplantation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSC) and explore how transplanted stem cells participate in the neuron repairing process.

Methods

A total of 195 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham-surgery, optic nerve injury, and stem cell transplant group. Optic nerve injury was established in rats by directly clamping the optic nerve for 30 seconds. hUCBSC was microinjected into the vitreous cavity of injured rats. Optic nerve function was evaluated by flash visual evoked potentials (F-VEP). Apoptosis in retina tissues was detected by TUNEL staining. GRP78 and CHOP gene expression was measured by RT-PCR.

Results

After injury, transplantation of hUCBSC significantly blunted a reduction in optic nerve function indicated by smaller decreases in amplitude and smaller increases in peak latency of F-VEP waveform compared to the injury alone group. Also, significant more in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count and less in RGC apoptosis were detected after transplantation compared to injured rats. The protective effect correlated with upregulated GRP78 and downregulated CHOP mRNA expression.

Conclusion

Intravitreal transplantation of hUCBSCs significantly blunted a reduction in optic nerve function through increasing RGC survival and decreasing retinal cell apoptosis. The protective role of transplantation was associated with upregulation of GRP78 expression and downregulation of CHOP expression in retinal cells.     

Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Hematopoietic Recovery and Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Murine Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation Model

To investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on hematopoietic recovery and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a murine allogeneic umbilical cord blood transplantation (allo-UCBT) model. MSCs were obtained from C57/BL mouse bone marrow. The MSC phenotypes were identified by flow cytometry (FCM), and their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes was tested. Once murine allo-UCBT and aGVHD models were established, mice were divided into five groups: (1) total body irradiation (TBI) group, each mouse receiving 0.3 ml sterile saline infusion after TBI and used as control; (2) UCB group, receiving 2 × 10⁶ umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MNC) after TBI; (3) UCB+MSC group, receiving 2 × 10⁶ UCB-MNC and 2 × 10⁷ MSC after TBI; (4) UCB+SC group, receiving 2 × 10⁶ UCB-MNC and 2 × 10⁶ spleen cells after TBI; and (5) UCB+SC+MSC group, receiving 2 × 10⁶ UCB-MNC, 2 × 10⁷ MSC and 2 × 10⁶ spleen cells after TBI. To evaluate the engraftment of HSC, the white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets counts were tested at different time points after transplantation, and the ratio of chimerism was identified by FCM. The acute GVHD clinical scores, recipient mice survival, and the histopathological analyses were used to evaluate the effect of MSC on acute GVHD. MSCs were successfully obtained in vitro and FCM analysis showed that these cells are highly positive for CD90.2, CD44, and negative for CD34, CD45, and they are capable to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes after being induced. Compared to UCB group, the UCB+MSC mice had shorter duration of myelosuppression and higher percentage of donor-derived cells which was up to 22.87 ± 4.3 % and the white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and platelet counts started to increase by day 6 after transplantation. Moreover, the average survival time for UCB+MSC mice was 25.0 ± 10.55 days, while for the UCB group it was 15.5 ± 12.50 days. The UCB+SC mice showed fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, arched back, and hair ruffling on day 13 post transplantation. Approximately 50 % of mice showed skin ulcers, had diarrhea and other manifestations of acute GVHD, and all mice were died within 20 days. Histopathological analysis confirmed grade II–IV GVHD manifestation. In addition to transient weight loss, some UCB+SC+MSC mice developed arched back, hair ruffling, diarrhea and other manifestations of acute GVHD. The clinical scores in UCB+SC+MSC mice with acute GVHD (grade I–II or without GVHD) were lower than UCB+SC group (P < 0.05). Bone marrow MSCs can promote hematopoietic recovery and decrease the incidence of acute GVHD in murine allo-UCBT model.     

人尿源性干细胞及人脐带间充质干细胞的生物学性状比较

该研究探讨人尿源性干细胞(human urine-derived stem cells,hUSCs)及人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)的生物学性状差异。分离培养hUSCs及hUC-MSCs,显微镜下观察细胞形态,流式细胞术检测干细胞表面标记物,锥虫蓝拒染实验及克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖能力,划痕实验及Transwell迁移实验检测细胞迁移能力,碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)染色、茜素红染色、油红O染色及阿利新蓝染色评估多向分化潜能。hUSCs为米粒状贴壁生长细胞,hUC-MSCs为长梭形贴壁细胞,呈旋涡状排列生长,两种细胞表型分析相似,均表达多种间充质干细胞标志物,但CD24在hUC-MSCs表达阳性,而CD105在hUSCs表达阳性。hUC-MSCs的增殖及迁移能力优于hUSCs,但后者的克隆形成能力更强。hUSCs及hUCMSCs都具有成骨、成脂、成软骨分化能力,hUC-MSCs的成骨能力强而hUSCs的成脂能力强。该研究成功分离培养出增殖能力强并具有多向分化潜能的hUSCs,该细胞与hUC-MSCs相比具有相似的生物学性状,可作为再生医学自体移植的理想种子细胞来源。     

脐带间充质干细胞应用的最新进展

脐带间充质干细胞(umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,UC-MSCs)主要来自中胚层,是从出生后废弃的胚外组织中分离获得,具有比一般的成体干细胞更强的多能分化能力,而且可以跨胚层分化,可以诱导分化为骨细胞、软骨细胞、内皮细胞、心肌细胞,以及神经细胞、肝脏细胞和胰岛细胞等.这表明脐带来源的干细胞具有多向分化潜能,具有作为细胞替代治疗的种子细胞可能.这篇综述将浅谈UC-MSCs的优势,免疫学特性,并重点探讨其应用的最新进展.     

枸杞多糖诱导人脐血间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞分化的实验研究

目的:探讨枸杞多糖诱导人脐血间充质干细胞(MSCs)向神经元样细胞分化的可行性及其机制。方法:无菌条件下收集正常足月儿的脐带血,经肝素抗凝,用相对密度1.077的淋巴细胞分离液分离脐血的单个核细胞,用低糖DMEM培养基进行培养和纯化扩增。选取第3代细胞进行诱导实验,当传代细胞长满瓶底的80%以上时,先用含15?S和10ng/ml bFGF的DMEM完全培养基预诱导24小时,然后用不含血清含1g/L枸杞多糖的DMEM培养基诱导,光镜下观察细胞形态,用免疫组化技术检测细胞Nestin和NF的表达。结果:预诱导后MSCs没有变化,而经枸杞多糖诱导4h后细胞即出现形态学上的改变,细胞变成不规则形,立体感增强,从胞体伸出突起。免疫组化检测显示,细胞Nestin、NF呈阳性。结论:人脐血间充质干细胞经枸杞多糖诱导可转化为神经元样细胞,其诱导机制可能与枸杞多糖的抗氧化作用有关。     

脐血间充质干细胞诱导向神经元样细胞分化的实验研究

目的：研究脐血间充质干细胞生物学特性及向神经元样细胞分化的潜能。方法：采用密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法自脐血中分离间充质干细胞,观察细胞生长情况,描绘生长曲线,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志物,分别向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、神经元样细胞进行诱导分化,通过茜素红染色、油红O染色检测脐血间充质干细胞成骨、成脂肪细胞诱导分化能力,而以免疫组织化学检测诱导后细胞表面神经标志物的表达。结果：纯化的脐血间充质干细胞贴壁生长,呈均一梭形,生长曲线呈S型,并以P3代增殖能力最强,细胞表面不表达或弱表达CD34、CD35、CD106,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105。成骨诱导2周后,可检测到钙化基质的形成,成脂肪诱导3周后,可检测到脂滴的形成。向神经元样细胞诱导分化后,可观察到典型的神经元样形态改变,且NSE、NF、GFAP阳性表达。结论：分离纯化的脐血间充质干细胞具有较强的增殖能力与分化潜能,并在体外诱导条件下可以向神经元样细胞定向分化。     

脐血间充质干细胞诱导向神经元样细胞分化的实验研究

目的:研究脐血间充质干细胞生物学特性及向神经元样细胞分化的潜能。方法:采用密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法自脐血中分离间充质干细胞,观察细胞生长情况,描绘生长曲线,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志物,分别向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、神经元样细胞进行诱导分化,通过茜素红染色、油红O染色检测脐血间充质干细胞成骨、成脂肪细胞诱导分化能力,而以免疫组织化学检测诱导后细胞表面神经标志物的表达。结果:纯化的脐血间充质干细胞贴壁生长,呈均一梭形,生长曲线呈S型,并以P3代增殖能力最强,细胞表面不表达或弱表达CD34、CD35、CD106,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105。成骨诱导2周后,可检测到钙化基质的形成,成脂肪诱导3周后,可检测到脂滴的形成。向神经元样细胞诱导分化后,可观察到典型的神经元样形态改变,且NSE、NF、GFAP阳性表达。结论:分离纯化的脐血间充质干细胞具有较强的增殖能力与分化潜能,并在体外诱导条件下可以向神经元样细胞定向分化。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复大鼠半横断脊髓损伤

目的初步探讨骨髓间充质干细胞诱导为神经细胞,及其移植对大鼠脊髓半横断损伤神经功能恢复和运动的影响。方法贴壁培养法分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs),大鼠脊髓匀浆上清诱导第3代向神经细胞分化,经免疫组化鉴定分化后细胞的性质。制备大鼠半横断脊髓损伤模型,脊髓损伤局部注射BrdU标记诱导后的神经细胞。细胞移植5周后观察移植细胞在脊髓内存活分布情况。结果倒置显微镜下可见MSCs呈纺锤形和多角形,有1~2个核仁,经脊髓匀浆上清诱导后,发出数个细长突起,并交织成网,诱导后的细胞表达Nestin,可推测诱导后的细胞为MSCs源神经细胞。5周后移植的MSCs在宿主损伤脊髓内聚集并存活,表达MAP-2、NF、GFAP与对照组比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。大鼠运动功能较移植前有所改善。结论MSCs经脊髓匀浆上清诱导后移植治疗大鼠半横断脊髓损伤可使运动功能得到改善。