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1.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causing agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. The development of the humoral response to the virus has been the subject of intensive research. A flow cytometry-based assay using native full-length SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein expressed in 293 T cells was recently proposed as a complementary seropositivity assay. The aim of our study was to further develop the flow cytometry assay and to standardize its parameters for reliable inter-laboratory use. We have optimized the protocol, established the Receiving Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and tested reproducibility using pre-COVID and convalescent, SARS-CoV-2 individual plasma samples. The flow-based assay was simplified and standardized by cultivating the 293 T cells in suspension and expressing results in Mean Equivalent Soluble Fluorochrome (MESF) using an internal antibody positive control. The ROC curve was determined with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.996 and the assay specificity and sensitivity were established at 100% and 97.7% respectively. Reproducibility was good as determined on multiple cytometers, on different days, and with data acquisition as far as 72 h post-staining. The standardized assay could be used as a high throughput confirmatory assay in flow cytometry laboratories involved in serological testing.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-021-00511-1. 相似文献
2.
Zhang Xiaoyong Lu Suwen Li Hui Wang Yi Lu Zhen Liu Zhihong Lai Qingtao Ji Yali Huang Xuan Li Yongyin Sun Jian Wu Yingsong Xu Xiaoning Hou Jinlin 《中国病毒学》2020,35(6):820-829
Virologica Sinica - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly around the world, posing a major threat to human... 相似文献
3.
Jingwen Ai ;Jiaxin Zhou ;Yang Li ;Feng Sun ;Shijia Ge ;Haocheng Zhang ;Yanpeng Wu ;Yan Wang ;Yilin Zhang ;Hongyu Wang ;Jianpeng Cai ;Xian Zhou ;Sen Wang ;Rong Li ;Zhen Feng ;Xiangyanyu Xu ;Xuemei Yan ;Yuchen Zhao ;Juanjuan Zhang ;Hongjie Yu ;Wenhong Zhang 《中国病毒学》2024,39(6):851-859
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, particularly the Omicron BA.2 variant, led to a significant surge in Shanghai, 2022. However, the viral load dynamic in Omicron infections with varying clinical severities remain unclear. This prospective cohort included 48,830 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across three hospitals in Shanghai, China, between 23 March and 15 May, 2022. Systematic nucleic acid testing was performed using RT-PCR Cycle threshold (Ct) value as a proxy of viral load. We analyzed the kinetic characteristics of viral shedding by clinical severity and identified associated risk factors. The study comprised 31.06% asymptomatic cases, 67.66% mild-moderate cases, 1.00% severe cases, 0.29% critical and fatal cases. Upon admission, 57% of patients tested positive, with peak viral load observed at 4 days (median Ct value 27.5), followed by a decrease and an average viral shedding time (VST) of 6.1 days (Interquartile range, 4.0–8.8 days). Although viral load exhibited variation by age and clinical severity, peak Ct values occurred at similar times. Unvaccinated status, age exceeding 60, and comorbidities including hypertension, renal issues kidney dialysis and kidney transplantation, neurological disorders, rheumatism, and psychotic conditions were found to correlate with elevated peak viral load and extended VST. Asymptomatic cases demonstrated a 40% likelihood of contagiousness within 6 days of detection, while mild-moderate and severe cases exhibited post-symptom resolution infectious probabilities of 27% and over 50%, respectively. These findings revealed that the initial Ct values serve as a predictive indicator of severe outcomes. Unvaccinated elderly individuals with particular comorbidities are at high-risk for elevated viral load and prolonged VST. 相似文献
4.
Hang Fai Kwok 《International journal of biological sciences》2022,18(12):4610
During the 2 years since the start of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the scientific world made an enormous effort to fight against this disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has high transmissibility. Advancements in vaccine and treatment strategies have reduced both the hospitalization and mortality rates. However, the virus has shown its ability to evolve and evade from our COVID-19 combating armamentaria by the most common evolution mechanism—mutation. Diagnostic testing has been the first line of defense following the identification of the causative agent. Ever since, the scientific community has developed nuclei acid-based, antigen-based, and antibody-based diagnostic tests, and these testing methodologies are still playing a central role in slowing down viral transmission. These testing methods have different sensitivity and specificity and could be optimally used in areas facing different challenges owing to different level and conditions of COVID-19 outbreak. In this review, we discuss these testing methodologies as well as the considerations on how to apply these diagnostic tests optimally in the community to cope with the ever-changing pandemic conditions. 相似文献
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6.
Yang Li Hao-Rui Si Yan Zhu Nan Xie Bei Li Xiang-Ping Zhang Jun-Feng Han Hong-Hong Bao Yong Yang Kai Zhao Zi-Yuan Hou Si-Jia Cheng Shuan-Hu Zhang Zheng-Li Shi Peng Zhou 《中国病毒学》2022,37(2):187-197
The nationwide COVID-19 epidemic ended in 2020, a few months after its outbreak in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. Most COVID-19 cases occurred in Hubei Province, with a few local outbreaks in other provinces of China. A few studies have reported the early SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in several large cities or provinces of China. However, information regarding the early epidemics in small and medium-sized cities, where there are still traditionally large families and community culture is more strongly maintained and thus, transmission profiles may differ, is limited. In this study, we characterized 60 newly sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Anyang as a representative of small and medium-sized Chinese cities, compared them with more than 400 reference genomes from the early outbreak, and studied the SARS-CoV-2 transmission profiles. Genomic epidemiology revealed multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Anyang and a large-scale expansion of the epidemic because of the large family size. Moreover, our study revealed two transmission patterns in a single outbreak, which were attributed to different social activities. We observed the complete dynamic process of single-nucleotide polymorphism development during community transmission and found that intrahost variant analysis was an effective approach to studying cluster infections. In summary, our study provided new SARS-CoV-2 transmission profiles representative of small and medium-sized Chinese cities as well as information on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 strains during the early COVID-19 epidemic in China. 相似文献
7.
Fatemeh Fotouhi Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri Behrokh Farahmand Ehsan Mostafavi Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali Tahmineh Jalali Vahideh Mazaheri Mona Sadat Larijani Mahsa Tavakoli Azita Eshratkhah mohammadnejad Neda Afzali Afsaneh Zokaei SeyedeAtefe Hosseini Mohamad Mahdi Mortazavipour FaridehNiknam Oskouei Amitis Ramezani 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2021,23(4-5):104810
SARS-CoV-2 as a new global threat has affected global population for one year. Despite the great effort to eradicate this infection, there are still some challenges including different viral presentation, temporal immunity in infected individuals and variable data of viral shedding. We studied 255 COVID-19 suspected individuals to assess the viral shedding duration and also the antibody development against SARS-CoV-2 among the cases. Real Time RT-PCR assay was applied to determine the virus presence and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were evaluated using SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG kits. 113 patients were confirmed for COVID-19 infection. The patients were followed until negative PCR achieved. The median viral shedding among studied population was obtained 34.16 (±17.65) days which was not significantly associated with age, sex and underlying diseases. Shiver and body pain were found in prolonged form of the infection and also patients who had gastrointestinal problems experienced longer viral shedding. Moreover, IgG was present in 84% of patients after 150 days. According to this data, the median viral shedding prolongation was 34.16 days which indicates that 14 days isolation might not be enough for population. In addition, IgG profiling indicated that it is persistent in a majority of patients for nearly 6 months which has brought some hopes in vaccine efficacy and application. 相似文献
8.
Zheng Chen Bili Wang Shanshan Mao Qing Ye 《International journal of biological sciences》2021,17(4):1119
With ongoing research, it was found that asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was widespread in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) populations. Studies have confirmed asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 have potential infectivity, and most of the transmission occurred before symptoms appear. Asymptomatic infection rates varied widely in different countries and regions. Identifying the asymptomatic infected persons and cutting off the infection source is an effective way to prevent the spread of this disease. However, asymptomatic patients have hidden clinical symptoms, and screening based only on the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 can easily lead to a missed diagnosis. Therefore, determining asymptomatic infection patients by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing is the gold standard. A series of prevention and control measures adopted by the Chinese government, especially the “Four Early” policy, have achieved outstanding achievements, which are worth learning from by other countries. 相似文献
9.
Hang Fai Kwok 《International journal of biological sciences》2021,17(6):1461
A year after the initial outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, several Phase III clinical trials investigating vaccine safety and efficacy have been published. These vaccine candidates were developed by different research groups and pharmaceutical companies with various vaccine technologies including mRNA, recombinant protein, adenoviral vector and inactivated virus-based platforms. Despite numerous successful clinical trials, participants enrolled in these trials are limited by trial inclusion and exclusion criteria, geographic location and viral outbreak situation. Many questions still remain, especially for specific subgroups, including the elderly, females with pregnancy and breastfeeding status, and adolescents. At the same time, vaccine efficacy towards asymptomatic infection and specific viral variants are still largely unknown. This review will cover vaccine candidates with Phase III clinical trial data released and discuss the scientific data available so far for these vaccine candidates for different subgroups of people and different viral variants. 相似文献
10.
Xiaohui Zou Shengrui Mu Yeming Wang Li Guo Lili Ren Xiaoyan Deng Haibo Li Jiankang Zhao Yulin Zhang Hui Li Binghuai Lu Chaolin Huang Bin Cao 《中国病毒学》2022,37(1):30-37
Little is known about Subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) dynamics in patients with Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19). We collected 147 throat swabs, 74 gut swabs and 46 plasma samples from 117 COVID-19 patients recruited in the LOTUS China trial (ChiCTR2000029308) and compared E and orf7a sgRNA load in patients with different illness duration, outcome, and comorbidities. Both sgRNAs were detected in all the three types of samples, with longest duration of 25, 13, and 17 days for E sgRNA, and 32, 28, and 17 days for orf7a sgRNA in throat, gut, and plasma, respectively. A total of 95% (57/60) of patients had no E sgRNA detected after 10 days post treatment, though 86% of them were still E RNA positive. High correlation on titer was observed between sgRNA encoding E and orf7a gene. sgRNA showed similar variation in the standard care and Lopinavir-Ritonavir group. Patients with diabetes and heart diseases showed higher pharyngeal E sgRNA at the first day (P = 0.016 and 0.013, respectively) but no difference at five days after treatment, compared with patients without such commodities. Patients with hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases showed no difference in the pharyngeal sgRNA levels at both one and five days after treatment, compared with patients without these two commodities. E sgRNA levels in the initial infection showed no correlation with the serum antibody against spike, nucleoprotein, and receptor binding domains at ten days later. sgRNA lasted a long period in COVID-19 patients and might have little effect on humoral response. 相似文献
11.
Wang Xingyu Huang Kun Jiang Haini Hua Lijuan Yu Weiwei Ding Dan Wang Ke Li Xiaopan Zou Zhong Jin Meilin Xu Shuyun 《中国病毒学》2020,35(6):793-802
Virologica Sinica - COVID-19 patients can recover with a median SARS-CoV-2 clearance of 20 days post initial symptoms (PIS). However, we observed some COVID-19 patients with existing... 相似文献
12.
新型冠状病毒基因组序列的网络平台与基因分型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是引起2019新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的病原体,目前COVID-19仍在世界范围内大规模流行。随着学者对SARS-CoV-2研究的不断深入,以及各大数据库的序列资源共享,一些学者开发了SARS-CoV-2相关序列分析网络在线平台,并发表了对SARS-CoV-2基因分型、命名的规则。\"GISAID\"是目前SARS-CoV-2基因组序列共享和储存最大的数据库,\"Nextstrain\"和\"CoV-GLUE\"是国际最常用的SARS-CoV-2序列分析平台。目前有四种比较通用的SARS-CoV-2的基因分型方法,在本文中分别简称为:\"中国分型法\"、\"Pangolin分型法\"、\"GISAID分型法\"和\"Nextstrain分型法\"。这四种分型方法的定义不尽相同,但又有相似之处。本综述对目前SARS-CoV-2在线分析网络平台和不同的基因分型方法进行了较为系统的介绍、对比和总结。 相似文献
13.
Jiamnin Liu Fan Lu Yinghua Chen Edward Plow Jun Qin 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2022,298(3)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is broadly accepted that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes its spike protein to recognize the extracellular domain of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter cells for viral infection. However, other mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry may occur. We show quantitatively that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein also binds to the extracellular domain of broadly expressed integrin α5β1 with an affinity comparable to that of SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2. More importantly, we provide direct evidence that such binding promotes the internalization of SARS-CoV-2 into non-ACE2 cells in a manner critically dependent upon the activation of the integrin. Our data demonstrate an alternative pathway for the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that upon initial ACE2-mediated invasion of the virus in the respiratory system, which is known to trigger an immune response and secretion of cytokines to activate integrin, the integrin-mediated cell invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into the respiratory system and other organs becomes effective, thereby promoting further infection and progression of COVID-19. 相似文献
14.
Mathias W Pletz Christoph Terkamp Ulrike Schumacher Gernot Rohde Hartwig Schütte Tobias Welte Robert Bals 《Respiratory research》2014,15(1):53
Objectives
We aimed to explore the association between vitamin D levels and the severity, mortality and microbiological etiology of community-acquired pneumonia.Methods
Vitamin D levels (both, the reservoir form 25-OH and the activated form 1,25-OH2) of 300 randomly selected patients with community-acquired pneumonia due to pre-specified pathogens included in the German competence network (CAPNETZ) study were measured. Prior to statistical analysis, values of 25-OH and 1,25-OH2 were power-transformed to achieve parametric distribution. All further analyses were performed with seasonally and age adjusted values.Results
There was only a modest (Spearman Coefficient 0.38) positive correlation between 25-OH and 1,25-OH2. For 1,25-OH2 but not 25-OH, the general linear model revealed a significant inverse correlation between serum concentration and CURB score (p = 0.011). Liver and respiratory co-morbidity were associated with significantly lower 25-OH values and renal co-morbidity with significantly lower 1,25-OH2 values. No significant differences of 1,25-OH2 or 25-OH between different pathogens (influenza virus, Legionella spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae) were detected.Conclusion
For 1,25-OH2, we found a significant and independent (controlled for age, season and pathogen) negative correlation to pneumonia severity. Therefore, supplementation of non-activated vitamin D to protect from pneumonia may be non-sufficient in patients that have a decreased capacity to hydroxylate 25-OH to 1,25-OH2. 相似文献15.
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been rampant since 2019, severely affecting global public health, and causing 5.75 million deaths worldwide. So far, many vaccines have been developed to prevent the infection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the emergence of new variants may threat vaccine recipients as they might evade immunological surveillance that depends on the using of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody to neutralize the viral particles. Recent studies have found that recipients who received two doses of vaccination plus an additional booster shoot were able to quickly elevate neutralization response and immune response against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and some initially appeared viral variants. In this review, we assessed the real-world effectiveness of different COVID-19 vaccines by population studies and neutralization assays and compared neutralization responses of booster vaccines in vitro. Finally, as the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine is expected to decline over time, continued vaccination should be considered to achieve a long-term immune protection against coronavirus. 相似文献
16.
China's dynamic zero-COVID policy has effectively curbed the spread of SARS-CoV-2, while inadvertently creating immunity gaps within its population. Subsequent surges in COVID-19 cases linked to various SARS-CoV-2 lineages post-policy termination necessitate a thorough investigation into the epidemiological landscape. This study addresses this issue by analyzing a comprehensive dataset of 39,456 high-quality genomes collected nationwide over an 11-month period since policy termination. Through lineage assignment, phylogenetic analysis, pandemic pattern comparison, phylodynamic reconstruction, and recombination detection, we found that China's post-epidemic period could be divided into three stages, along with dynamic changes in dominant lineages. Geographical clustering of similar lineages implies the importance of cross-border cooperation among neighboring regions. Compared to the USA, UK, and Japan, China exhibits unique trajectories of lineage epidemics, characterized by initial lagging followed by subsequent advancement, indicating the potential influence of diverse prevention and control policies on lineage epidemic patterns. Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Hubei emerge as pivotal nodes in the nationwide spread, marking a shift in the transmission center from east to central regions of China. Although China hasn't experienced significant variant emergence, the detection and validation of the novel recombination event, XCN lineage, underscore the ongoing virus evolution. Overall, this study systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus in China since the termination of the dynamic zero-COVID policy, offering valuable insights for regional surveillance and evidence-based public health policymaking. 相似文献
17.
《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2020,22(10):617-621
RT-PCRs to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA is key to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 viral loads from 22′323 RT-PCR results according to samples types, gender, age, and health units. Viral load did not show any difference across age and appears to be a poor predictor of disease outcome. SARS-CoV-2 viral load showed similar high viral loads than the one observed for RSV and influenza B. The importance of viral load to predict contagiousness and to assess disease progression is discussed. 相似文献
18.
Mutations in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occur spontaneously during replication. Thousands of mutations have accumulated and continue to since the emergence of the virus. As novel mutations continue appearing at the scene, naturally, new variants are increasingly observed.Since the first occurrence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, a wide variety of drug compounds affecting the binding sites of the virus have begun to be studied. As the drug and vaccine trials are continuing, it is of utmost importance to take into consideration the SARS-CoV-2 mutations and their respective frequencies since these data could lead the way to multi-drug combinations. The lack of effective therapeutic and preventive strategies against human coronaviruses (hCoVs) necessitates research that is of interest to the clinical applications.The reason why the mutations in glycoprotein S lead to vaccine escape is related to the location of the mutation and the affinity of the protein. At the same time, it can be said that variations should occur in areas such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and vaccines and antiviral drugs should be formulated by targeting more than one viral protein.In this review, a literature survey in the scope of the increasing SARS-CoV-2 mutations and the viral variations is conducted. In the light of current knowledge, the various disguises of the mutant SARS-CoV-2 forms and their apparent differences from the original strain are examined as they could possibly aid in finding the most appropriate therapeutic approaches. 相似文献
19.
2019年12月,中国武汉报道了冠状病毒引起的肺炎,其临床症状与2003年爆发的严重急性呼吸综合征(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS)不同,因此推断该病毒可能是冠状病毒的一个新变种。不同于简单使用全基因组序列的其它研究,我们于2018年在国际上首次提出分子功能与进化分析相结合的研究思想,并应用于Beta冠状病毒B亚群(BB冠状病毒)基因组的研究。在这一思想指导下,本研究使用BB冠状病毒基因组中的一个互补回文序列(命名为Nankai complemented palindrome)与其所在的编码区(命名为Nankai CDS)对新发布的2019新型冠状病毒基因组(GenBank:MN908947)进行分析以期准确溯源,并对BB冠状病毒的跨物种传播和宿主适应性进行初步研究。溯源分析的结果支持2019新型冠状病毒源自蝙蝠,但与SARS冠状病毒差异巨大,这一结果与两者临床症状差异一致。本研究的最重要发现是BB冠状病毒存在大量的可变翻译,从分子水平揭示了BB冠状病毒变异快、多样性高的特点。从BB冠状病毒可变翻译中获取的信息可应用于(但不限于)其快速检测、基因分型、疫苗开发以及药物设计。另外,我们推断BB冠状病毒可能通过可变翻译以适应不同宿主。基于大量基因组数据的实证分析,本研究在国际上首次从分子水平尝试解释了BB冠状病毒变异快、宿主多且具有较强的宿主适应性的原因。 相似文献
20.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To understand the identity, functional characteristics and therapeutic targets of the virus and the diseases, appropriate infection models that recapitulate the in vivo pathophysiology of the viral infection are necessary. This article reviews the various infection models, including Vero cells, human cell lines, organoids, and animal models, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. This knowledge will be helpful for establishing an efficient system for defense against emerging infectious diseases. 相似文献