番茄子叶外植体芽的分化过程与乙烯释放的关系

本文对番茄子叶外植体培养过程乙烯的释放和芽的分化进行了研究,结果表明,番茄子叶外植体培养１ｈ后开始释放乙烯,第３小时乙烯释放达到最高峰,随后迅速下降,乙烯释放水平与番茄子叶外植体分化能力呈负相关,外植体芽的分化过程中,乙烯释放水平很低,但在芽形成以前略有增加,乙烯拮抗剂及其生物合成抑制剂促进子叶外植体芽的分化过程,伤害了可能是导致番茄子叶外植体乙烯释放的主要原因。     

乙烯与植物离体培养外植体的器官发生

本综述了乙烯与离体培养外植体器官发生之间的关系,以及乙烯生物合成的调节对外植体不定芽,不定根,花芽分化,原生质体培养及花药培养等过程的影响。     

乙烯前体ACC对番茄叶外植体分化的影响（简报）

在含有5μmol/L IAA,ZT或BA的MS培养基中,添加1.0μmol/L ACC能显著促进番茄叶外植体分化出芽;而在含有5μmol/L IAA的MS培养基中,添加10μmol/L ACC可直接诱导番茄叶外植体分化出大量的根。番茄叶外植体的乙烯释放速率随培养基中ACC浓度提高而增高,培养第2天时为最高,但与IAA的浓度关系不大。     

外源激素对金钱松胚外植体愈伤组织的诱导及其器官发生的调节作用

金钱松胚外植体在培养过程中由于外源激素的种类和配比的不同而存在着几种发育途径：直接从胚外植体表面分化不定芽;先诱导愈伤组织,再从愈伤组织分化不定芽;还可由愈伤组织分化出胚状体。激素ＢＡ对外植体不定芽的诱导起着关键作用。激素２,４－Ｄ则诱导愈伤组织,ＢＡ与２,４－Ｄ配比恰当诱导的愈伤组织分化出体细胞胚状体。　ＬＰ’附加低浓度的ＢＡ或ＫＴ（＜０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）促进不定芽茎的伸长;　ＬＰ’附加浓度的ＩＢＡ（＜０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）诱导不定根的发生。愈伤组织在基本培养基浓度为　×ＬＰ’或１×ＬＰ’的分化培养基上不定芽诱导率相似。     

美国黄松成熟胚的离体培养与不定芽的形成

以美国黄松成熟胚为外植体进行离体培养诱导不定芽。正交试验和统计分析结果表明基本培养基的种类对外植体不定芽的诱导起主要作用。在GD培养基上附加0.5mg/L的6－BA,外植体不定芽的诱导率达55％,平均增值率为6,最大增值率达10。NAA不利于外植体不定芽的诱导,培养基中加入适量的添生炭有利于不定芽的形成和生长。     

芍药组织培养中污染现象的克服

针对芍药在组织培养过程中外植体污染难于控制的问题进行了研究。试验分别于不同的季节取材后对外植体进行不同的表面消毒处理。结果表明：以芍药带芽茎段、顶芽、侧芽为外植体,采用0.1%~0.2% HgCl2消毒8 min,结合母株黄化处理、4℃消毒液+搅拌的表面消毒处理,可降低外植体初期培养污染率;在培养基中添加抗菌素,可明显控制内生菌的污染。     

不结球白菜离体培养与植株再生体系研究

以4个不结球白菜品种为试材,对外植体、苗龄、激素的组配、培养基中琼脂和AgNO3浓度等再生因素进行了筛选优化,并探讨了抗坏血酸(AsA)对不结球白菜不定芽分化的影响。结果显示:以4~7d苗龄的带柄子叶为外植体诱导不定芽效果较好;MN培养基中4mg/L6-BA与0.5mg/LNAA的搭配有利于不定芽形成;琼脂的浓度变化对不定芽分化影响较大,以9g/L琼脂为宜;培养基中添加5~7.5mg/L的AgNO3、0.1~0.5mmol/L的AsA可显著提高不定芽的发生频率和质量。通过不定芽继代培养、生根培养和驯化移栽建立了能够获得较高再生频率的不结球白菜离体再生体系。     

茄子子叶和下胚轴的组织培养和植株再生

以4种茄子品种——六叶茄、七叶茄、九叶茄和长茄的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,探讨了不同生长调节物质对外植体分化的影响和不同品种、不同外植体以及外植体不同苗龄的分化能力差异。观察到外植体分化呈极性,并建立了4个品种茄子下胚轴的高效再生体系。     

番茄离体培养过程中器官发生的细胞组织学观察

对番茄下胚轴、子叶、茎段、叶片、叶柄不同类型外植体离体培养中有关细胞启动、分裂、分化以及器官发生作了细胞组织学观察。研究结果表明番茄不同类型外植体在同样的培养条件下,愈伤组织生长表现出明显差异,其中下胚轴、子叶诱导产生愈伤组织时,细胞启动最早,生长最快,其分裂方式基本为无丝分裂,未见有丝分裂,因此我们认为以不定芽方式获得转基因植株时,植株的所有性状变化,是否纯属目的基因所为,应该反复考察,不能忽视不定芽产生过程中的种种变化;下胚轴诱导愈伤组织形成时,细胞不规则的无丝分裂少于子叶,故下胚轴离体培养得到的正常芽的比例高于子叶的;番茄离体培养中不定芽通常发生在愈伤组织的周边区,也可起源于维管组织结节周围的形成层状细胞。不定根则由茎中柱鞘处发生。     

辣椒离体培养及再生体系的研究

选用9个辣椒(Capsicum annuumL.)品种(系),研究了不同激素组合、基因型、外植体类型、苗龄和Ag-NO3等因素对外植体不定芽分化和伸长的影响.结果表明,在6-BA/IAA为10∶1配比下,有利于辣椒外植体的分化再生,而6-BA/IAA为3∶1配比下适合于再生芽的伸长;不同品种辣椒的再生能力差别较大,分化率在13.3%~90.0%之间;辣椒子叶再生能力比下胚轴强,是较好的外植体材料;12~16 d苗龄的外植体分化频率较高;添加4mg?L-1AgNO3可使芽分化率平均提高16.9%.通过比较,筛选出了适合于辣椒芽分化的培养基为MB5(MS无机盐 B5有机成分) 5 mg?L-16-BA 0.5 mg?L-1IAA 4 mg?L-1AgNO3,芽伸长培养基为MB5 3 mg?L-16-BA 1 mg?L-1IAA 2 mg?L-1GA3 4 mg?L-1AgNO3,生根培养基为1/2 MS 0.2 mg?L-1IAA 0.1 mg?L-1NAA.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.