膜脂对菠菜细胞色素b6f复合体电子传递活性的影响

利用从菠菜（Ｓｐｉｎａｃｉａ ｏｌｅｒａｃｅａ Ｌ．）叶绿体分离、纯化出的缺失膜脂的细胞色素ｂ６ｆ蛋白复合体（Ｃｙｔ ｂ６ｆ）制剂与从菠菜类囊体分离、纯化的膜脂进行体外重组,检测了不同膜脂对Ｃｙｔ ｂ６ｆ催化电子传递活性的影响。结果表明：被检测的５种膜脂,即单半乳糖基甘油二酯（ＭＧＤＧ）、双半乳糖基甘油二酯（ＤＧＤＧ）、磷脂酰胆碱（ＰＣ）、磷脂酰甘油（ＰＧ）和硫代异鼠李糖基甘油二酯（ＳＱＤＧ）对Ｃ     

发菜膜脂及其脂肪酸组成

对野生发菜(Nostocflagelliforme Bom.et Flab)的膜脂(主要成分为类囊体膜脂)及其脂肪酸组成进行了测定分析.发菜的膜脂由单半乳糖甘油二酯(MGDG)、双半乳糖甘油二酯(DGDG)、磷酯酰甘油(PG)和硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(SQDG)组成,其酯酰基连接有棕榈酸(16:0)、十六碳烯酸(16:1)、硬脂酸(18:0)、油酸(18:1)、亚油酸(18:2)和亚麻酸(18:3)6种脂肪酸.发菜的不饱和脂肪酸含量可达总脂的73%,特别是16:1和18:3分别高达29%和34%,远远高于已报道的其他蓝藻,说明了发菜类囊体膜具有较强的抗逆性特点.同时还对复水30 min和复水后生长24 h的发菜膜脂及其脂肪酸组成进行了分析.结果表明,复水对野生发菜的膜脂及其脂肪酸组成没有显著影响,说明发菜的膜脂和脂肪酸组成在干燥-吸水过程中能保持很高的稳定性.     

低温锻炼对小麦类囊体膜脂膜蛋的影响

比较两种不同抗寒性小麦品种在低温锻炼前后类囊体膜脂及共脂肪酸成分、光系统Ⅱ捕光叶绿素ａ／ｂ蛋白复合体（ＬＨＣⅡ）及类囊体吸收光谱,低温荧光发射光谱,发现经低温锻炼后：（１）抗寒与不抗寒小麦类囊体脂酰甘油（ＰＧ）的反式六碳－烯酸含量均明显降低;抗寒品种小麦的单半乳糖基甘油二酯（ＭＧＤＧ）／双半乳糖基甘油二酯（ＤＧＤＧ）比值明显降低,而不抗寒品种变化不明显。（２）抗寒品种小麦类脂／叶绿素比值明显增高。     

磷脂酰甘油分子种与杨树抗寒性关系的研究

用高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）方法分析了杨树叶磷脂酰甘油（ＰＧ）的分子种组成,用酶解和气相色谱（ＧＣ）方法分析了ＰＧ脂肪酸定位,比较了抗寒性不同的杨树叶片ＰＧ分子种。结果表明,杨树叶片ＰＧ主要含有以下的分子种脂肪酸组成（ｓｎ－１和ｓｎ－２）：１８：１８：２（１８：２／１８：３）,１８：３／１６：１（３ｔ）;１８：３／１６：０;１８：２／１６：１（３ｔ）;１６：０／１８：２,１８：２／１６：０;１８：１     

银杏叶片磷脂酰甘油脂肪酸分子种组成及其位置分布

用高效液相色谱法和酶解的方法检测了银杏叶片磷脂酰甘油（ＰＧ）脂肪酸的分子种组成和位置分布,确定银杏叶片ＰＧ主要分子种的脂肪酸组成（ｓｎ１／ｓｎ２）是１８∶３／１６∶１（３ｔ）,１８∶３／１６∶０,１８∶２／１６∶１（３ｔ）,１８∶２／１６∶０,１８∶１／１６∶１（３ｔ）,１６∶０／１６∶１（３ｔ）,１８∶１／１８∶１,１８∶１／１６∶０和１６∶０／１６∶０。银杏叶片ＰＧ脂肪酸组成和位置分布的分析结果表明,Ｃ１８脂肪酸主要位于ｓｎ１位,１６∶１（３ｔ）只分布于ｓｎ２位,１６∶０在ｓｎ１位和ｓｎ２位上均有发现。ｓｎ１位上的不饱和度∑ｕ大于ｓｎ２位上的∑ｕ。     

佛手柑叶磷脂酰甘油相变和脂肪酸组成的差异（简报）

两个品种佛手柑叶内磷酯甘油的脂肪酸中饱和脂肪酸水平（１６：０＋１６：１＋１８：０）不同,南京品种为５４％,而广州品种为５９％以前者的ＰＧ相变温度（３６．０℃）低于后者（３８．５℃）而更能抗冷。     

低温锻炼对小麦类囊体膜脂膜蛋白的影响

比较两种不同抗寒性小麦品种在低温锻炼前后类囊体膜脂及其脂肪酸成分、光系统Ⅱ捕光叶绿素ａ／ｂ 蛋白复合体（ＬＨＣⅡ）及类囊体吸收光谱,低温荧光发射光谱,发现经低温锻炼后：（１）抗寒与不抗寒品种小麦类囊体磷脂酰甘油（ＰＧ）的反式十六碳－烯酸含量均明显降低;抗寒品种小麦的单半乳糖基甘油二酯（ＭＧＤＧ）／双半乳糖基甘油二酯（ＤＧＤＧ）比值明显降低,而不抗寒品种变化不明显。（２）抗寒品种小麦类脂／叶绿素比值明显增高。（３）两品种小麦类囊体膜ＬＨＣⅡ寡聚体含量均降低,而单体含量均增加。（４）两品种小麦类囊体膜吸收四阶导数光谱Ａ６８３／Ａ６５２比值均升高。（５）不抗寒品种小麦低温荧光发射光谱Ｆ６８５／Ｆ７３８比值上升,而抗寒品种没有变化。我们认为,在低温锻炼过程中膜流动性增大可能是植物抗寒性增强的重要原因,此外,ＭＧＤＧ 含量降低对低温下膜双层的稳定性可能起重要作用     

水分逆境对吊兰叶片脂质组成的影响

测定了吊兰（ Ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｙｔｕｍ ｃｏｍｏｓｕｍ） 在干旱、正常浇水和渍水三种供水条件下叶片的磷脂组成、膜脂和总磷脂的脂肪酸组成,以及磷脂中４ 种主要组分ＰＧ、ＰＥ、ＰＣ 和ＰＩ的脂肪酸组成,观察到干旱使磷脂中ＰＥ 的相对含量增加,ＰＥ 脂肪酸中１６ ：０ 明显减少,而膜脂、总磷脂和ＰＣ、ＰＩ中饱和脂肪酸增加,但ＰＧ脂肪酸组成变化很小     

发状念珠藻(发菜)细胞质膜的分离与性质分析

使用一种新方法首次从野生发菜(Nostoc flagelliforme Born.et Flah.)中分离得到细胞质膜并对其性质进行了分析,该方法的主要特点为联合使用细胞破碎仪和毛地黄皂甙对发菜细胞进行破碎.经过细胞破碎仪处理两次(80MPa)后,样品(20mg干重/mL)中的细胞可被毛地黄皂甙(3mg/mL)有效破碎,细胞质膜即可通过蔗糖密度梯度离心得以分离.纯化后的质膜,其吸收光谱中类胡萝卜素的3个吸收峰分别位于458、487和524 nm,另外一种叶绿素前体在673 nm处有少量吸收,质膜的荧光发射来自该叶绿素前体.通过变性电泳对其进行多肽组成分析,可分辨出30多条多肽,其中分子量为80、28、19和17 kD的多肽含量最高.其膜脂主要包含4种成分:单半乳糖甘油二酯(62.4%)、双半乳糖甘油二酯(18.9%)、硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(16.7%)和磷酯酰甘油(2.0%).膜脂酯酰基连接有棕榈酸(16:0)、十六碳烯酸(16:1[9])、硬脂酸(18:0)、油酸(18:1[9])、亚油酸(18:2[9,12])和亚麻酸(18:3[9,12,15])等六种脂肪酸,其中十六碳烯酸和亚麻酸为主要成分,分别占总脂肪酸含量的32.3%和34.4%.质膜中高含量的亚麻酸可能是发菜具有极强抗旱能力的一个重要因素.     

发状念珠藻(发菜)细胞质膜的分离与性质分析(英文)

使用一种新方法首次从野生发菜(Nostoc flagelliforme Born. et Flah. )中分离得到细胞质膜并对其性质进行了分析,该方法的主要特点为联合使用细胞破碎仪和毛地黄皂甙对发菜细胞进行破碎。经过细胞破碎仪处理两次(80MPa)后,样品(20mg干重/mL)中的细胞可被毛地黄皂甙(3mg/mL)有效破碎,细胞质膜即可通过蔗糖密度梯度离心得以分离。纯化后的质膜,其吸收光谱中类胡萝卜素的3个吸收峰分别位于458、487和524nm,另外一种叶绿素前体在673nm处有少量吸收,质膜的荧光发射来自该叶绿素前体。通过变性电泳对其进行多肽组成分析,可分辨出30多条多肽,其中分子量为80、28、19和17kD的多肽含量最高。其膜脂主要包含4种成分:单半乳糖甘油二酯(62.4％)、双半乳糖甘油二酯(18.9％)、硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(16.7％)和磷酯酰甘油(2.0％)。膜脂酯酰基连接有棕榈酸(16:0)、十六碳烯酸(16:1[9])、硬脂酸(18:0)、油酸(18:1[9])、亚油酸(18:2[9,12])和亚麻酸(18:3[9,12,15])等六种脂肪酸,其中十六碳烯酸和亚麻酸为主要成分,分别占总脂肪酸含量的32.3％和34.4％。质膜中高含量的亚麻酸可能是发菜具有极强抗旱能力的一个重要因素。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.