玫瑰红链霉菌336质粒（pSR336）DNA的分离及特性研究

从葡萄糖异构酶产生菌──玫瑰红链霉菌３３６中分离得到质粒ｐＳＲ３３６。经电泳检测和电镜观察证实,存在共价闭合超螺旋和开环两种分子构型,分子量约为６．３５ｋｂ,拷贝数约为１３０。采用高温（４０℃）,吖啶橙、溴化乙锭和ＳＤＳ等物理、化学因素消除ｐＳＲ３３６,均未获得质粒消除株,表明ｐＳＲ３３６质粒是非常稳定的。用变铅青链霉菌ＴＫ２１作受体,进行平皿杂交以检测ｐＳＲ３３６的接合转移能力,未观察到麻点（ｐｏｃｋ）的形成。用ＨｉｎｄⅢ分别酶切ｐＳＲ３３６和ｐＩＪ４８６,连接得到一个嵌合质粒ｐＩＲ３０,检测玫瑰红链霉     

防止336菌株老化断裂小试总结

336菌株是产葡萄糖异构酶的优良菌种。但在液体培养过程中,常常出现菌体断裂现象,造成胞内酶的大量流失和使包埋菌体法制的固相酶活力迅速跌落。为提高异构酶的收率及适应固相酶科研工作的需要,从1978年10月开始了进行防止菌体断裂的研究。经过八个月的小型试验,我们进行了二十批,四百五十余瓶的摇瓶发酵试验。达到了总酶活稳定在100单位/毫升以上及培养三天菌体不断裂的原定计划指标。     

宇佐美曲霉L336酸性蛋白酶的动力学性质

L336酸性蛋白酶的分子量为54000,等电点为3．8±0．2。在pH2．5,40℃条件下,酶对酪蛋白、牛血清白蛋白和牛血红蛋白的Km值分别为0．263g／L、0．278g／L和0．415g／L,Vmax分别为2075、1550和2793μgTyr／min、mL,酪蛋白为最适底物。在pH2．0～5．0、40℃以下时酶的稳定性最好。此外,还研究了金属离子对酶活性的影响。     

宇佐美曲霉L336酸性蛋白酶的动力学性质*

L336酸性蛋白酶的分子量为54000,等电点为3．8±0．2。在pH2．5,40℃条件下,酶对酪蛋白、牛血清白蛋白和牛血红蛋白的Km值分别为0．263g／L、0．278g／L和0．415g／L,Vmax分别为2075、1550和2793μgTyr／min、mL,酪蛋白为最适底物。在pH2．0～5．0、40℃以下时酶的稳定性最好。此外,还研究了金属离子对酶活性的影响。     

链霉菌葡萄糖异构酶的研究——Ⅰ、链霉菌336的诱变育种

食糖是人类生活的必需品。近十多年来,利用葡萄糖异构酶菌种由粮食制备高甜度的果葡糖浆(异构糖),在国际上正发展成为一种方兴未艾的新技术。其目的就在于为人类开辟新的糖源。随着能源危机的加深,食糖进口国力图克服或减少对糖价上涨的关连性。果葡糖浆甜度高,成本低;发热量低,因而可减少因食用糖量的增加而引起的肥胖病、心脏病、糖尿病和牙病。因此,在美、日、欧洲共同体等发达国家里,这项技术不仅迅速发展,并取得了工业化和商品化的成就。在美国,到1980年止,果葡糖浆的年产量。     

碳源和氮源对玫瑰栗色链霉菌No．336产葡萄糖异构酶的影响

玫瑰粟色链霉菌(Streptomyces rosecocastaneus) No. 336变异株对碳源或氮源的利用及其和产葡萄糖异构酶的关系,用半合成培养基进行了摇瓶液体培养试验。测定以15种单精和糖醇、8种寡糖和5种多糖作为碳源,6种含氮化合物作为氮源对菌的生长和产酶的影响。证明N。．336菌株除利用L一阿拉伯糖和D二木糖等五碳糖作为碳源外,也能利用D一葡萄糖等六碳糖作为碳源和能源。糖醇对酶的形成或无明显影响,或有抑制作用。在供试的氮源中,玉米浆和酵母膏对产酶的影响明显优于蛋白胨,该菌几乎不能以无帆氮化合物或乙酸镶作为唯一的氮源。C／N比的试验表明,2：1、1：1或3：1的培养基组成有利于葡萄糖异梅酶的形成,提高氮素含量虽能促进菌的生长,但对产酶不利。以麦麸水解液和玉米浆为主要成分的培养基有利于No.336菌株的生长和产酶,每毫升培养液的酶活力在180单位以上。     

Contribution of Position α4S336 on Functional Expression and Up-regulation of α4β2 Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors

Phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is believed to play a critical role in its nicotine-induced desensitization and up-regulation. We examined the contribution of a consensus PKC site in the α4 M3/M4 intracellular loop (α4S336) on the desensitization and up-regulation of α4β2 nAChRs expressed in oocytes. Position α4S336 was replaced with either alanine to abolish potential phosphorylation at this site or with aspartic acid to mimic phosphorylation at this same site. Mutations α4S336A and α4S336D displayed a threefold increase in the ACh-induced response and an increase in ACh EC₅₀. Epibatidine binding revealed a three and sevenfold increase in surface expression for the α4S336A and α4S336D mutations, respectively, relative to wild-type, therefore, both mutations enhanced expression of the α4β2 nAChR. Interestingly, the EC₅₀’s and peak currents for nicotine activation remained unaffected in both mutants. Both mutations abolished the nicotine-induced up-regulation that is normally observed in the wild-type. The present data suggest that adding or removing a negative charge at this phosphorylation site cannot be explained by a simple straightforward on-and-off mechanism; rather a more complex mechanism(s) may govern the functional expression of the α4β2 nAChR. Along the same line, our data support the idea that phosphorylation at multiple consensus sites in the α4 subunit could play a remarkable role on the regulation of the functional expression of the α4β2 nAChR.     

The R336Q mutation in human mitochondrial EFTu prevents the formation of an active mt-EFTu·GTP·aa-tRNA ternary complex

The mitochondrial translational machinery allows the genes encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to be translated in situ. Mitochondrial translation requires a number of nucleus-encoded protein factors, some of which have been found to carry mutations in patients affected by mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. We have previously described the first, and so far only, mutation in the mitochondrial elongation factor Tu, mt-EFTu, in a baby girl with polycystic encephalopathy, micropolygyria, and leukodystrophic changes. Despite that the mutant mt-EFTu was present in normal amount in the patient's tissues, mitochondrial translation was severely reduced, determining multiple defects in the amount and activity of mtDNA-dependent respiratory chain complexes. By an in-vitro reconstructed translational system, we here provide evidence that the mutant mt-EFTu variant fails to bind to aminoacylated mitochondrial tRNAs, thus explaining the observed impairment of mitochondrial translation. This is the first analysis on the molecular mechanism of a mtDNA translation defect due to a nuclear gene mutation.