红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)C型凝集素基因的克隆与组织表达分析

根据已知的海水鱼类C型凝集素基因的核苷酸保守区序列设计一对简并引物,先后通过RT-PCR和RACE PCR法从红笛鲷脾脏中首次克隆获得红笛鲷C型凝集素(CTL)基因的c DNA全长(登录号:AGT37609)。该序列长828 bp,开放阅读框663 bp,编码220个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析显示,红笛鲷CTL基因氨基酸序列与其他物种CTL的相似性在30%-68%之间。系统进化分析表明,红笛鲷C型凝集素与鳉鱼、条石鲷、斜带石斑鱼CTL蛋白亲缘关系最近,聚成一支。通过荧光定量PCR分析红笛鲷基因的组织差异表达,红笛鲷CTL基因在肝、脾以及皮肤中表达水平较高,其次是头肾、肾、胃、肠及肌肉,在心脏与脑中表达量较低。     

马氏珠母贝STA RDL3基因的克隆与表达性分析

采用RACE技术克隆获得马氏珠母贝STARDL3基因c DNA全长序列(Pm-STARDL3);利用荧光定量技术检测Pm-STARDL3基因在各个组织中的表达量。结果表明,Pm-STARDL3基因c DNA序列全长3 655 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长1 491 bp,编码496个氨基酸,5'非翻译区(5'UTR)长110 bp,3'UTR长2 054 bp。PmSTARDL3氨基酸序列同源比对分析显示与华贵类栉孔扇贝(Mimachlamys nobilis)STARDL3的序列的相似度最高。SMART软件分析得出,Pm-STARDL3有STARD类蛋白特有的结构域。荧光定量PCR检测结果表明Pm-STARDL3在肝胰腺中表达量最高,其后依次是外套膜、鳃与闭壳肌,各组织的表达量差异具统计学意义(p0.05)。     

牦牛KLF3基因克隆及组织表达分析

旨在克隆牦牛KLF3基因序列,并获得其生物学特征,同时阐明其组织表达规律。选取4-6周岁的健康麦洼牦牛6头,采集脾、肺、肾、皮下脂肪和背最长肌组织样品,提取组织总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法克隆KLF3基因序列,同时利用荧光定量PCR(q PCR)技术检测该基因在不同组织中的表达情况。结果表明,获得牦牛KLF3基因序列1 137 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KX964630),其中CDS为1 041 bp,5'UTR 32 bp和3'UTR 64 bp,编码346个氨基酸,牦牛KLF3氨基酸序列与普通牛(XP_010820342.1)的氨基酸序列同源性达100%。KLF3 m RNA在牦牛肺脏和肝脏的表达水平较高,极显著高于其他组织(P0.01)。     

锦鲤Hepcidin基因的克隆及其组织特异性表达分析（英文）

【目的】克隆锦鲤Hepcidin全长c DNA序列(k-hepc),并获得此基因在鱼体内的表达模式。【方法】利用RT-PCR和RACE PCR的方法,从锦鲤肝脏中克隆锦鲤Hepcidin的全长c DNA,进行序列测定和分析;锦鲤经肌肉注射维氏气单胞菌0、4、8、12、24和48 h后,分别取其肝、脾、肾、肠、脑、心、肌肉和鳃组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR的方法,以β-actin为内参基因,检测k-hepc基因的表达量。【结果】锦鲤抗菌肽(Gen Bank登录号KC795559)全长755 bp,编码序列276 bp,编码91个氨基酸,包括信号肽、原肽和成熟肽,成熟肽C端含有8个半胱氨酸,可形成4个分子内二硫键。与已报道的普通鲤鱼Hepcidin氨基酸序列的一致性为93%,与其他鱼类Hepcidin氨基酸序列的一致性为29%-93%。在本研究所检测的正常锦鲤的组织中,k-hepc均有表达,其中在肝组织中表达量最高,鳃组织中表达量最低。经维氏气单胞菌感染后,k-hepc在肝和心组织中的表达量明显增加,在其余组织中变化不显著。【结论】k-hepc编码的蛋白是Hepcidin家族的成员之一。锦鲤Hepcidin的表达主要受内在调节因素影响。     

大菱鲆组成型热休克蛋白70的全长cDNA克隆及表达分析

根据感染哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)的差减cDNA文库中hsp70EST序列设计引物,用RACE方法首次克隆到长2188bp的大菱鲆HSC70(Heat-shock cognate protein 70)全长cDNA序列,包括1956bp的开放阅读框及5′和3′非翻译区。在预测的651个氨基酸序列中发现了Dnak特征性基序,胞质HSP70特征基序以及四肽简并重复序列。与其他真核生物HSP70家族成员进行同源性比较,发现大菱鲆HSC70与牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)HSC71、虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)HSC71、人(Homo sapiens)HSC70、家鼠(Mus musculus)HSC70、烟草天蛾(Manduca sexta)HSC70的氨基酸相似性分别是97%,95%,94%,93%,86%,表现出较高的保守性。表达分析显示,hsc70mRNA在大菱鲆正常肝脏、鳃、肠、脾脏、头肾、肾等组织中以不同的水平存在,呈组成型表达;被哈维氏弧菌感染后,大菱鲆肝脏和脾脏组织hsc70mRNA表达水平分别在24h和12h出现上调(2.5-fold和1.6-fold);注射生理盐水组与未注射组之间差异不显著。       

红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)CD8基因的克隆与诱导表达

探讨红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)CD8基因的基本特性。应用同源克隆和cDNA末端快速扩增(Rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术克隆了红笛鲷CD8α和CD8β基因,并分析了其在不同组织的表达分布及免疫刺激物诱导后的表达模式。结果显示,CD8αcDNA序列全长1 576 bp,编码225个氨基酸。红笛鲷CD8β基因cDNA序列全长为1 486 bp,编码210个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析结果显示,CD8α和CD8β均由信号肽、免疫球蛋白超家族(Immunoglobulin superfamily,Ig SF)可变区、铰链区、跨膜区和胞浆区组成。荧光定量PCR(Real time quantitative PCR,q RT-PCR)分析显示红笛鲷CD8α和CD8β基因在胸腺表达量最高,其次为中肾、鳃、肠、皮肤、脾和头肾。红笛鲷头肾淋巴细胞体外经LPS、ConA和PolyI:C刺激8 h后CD8α和CD8β表达量显著上调(P0.01)。哈维氏弧菌疫苗刺激24 h后鳃、头肾、脾脏、和肠的表达量上升。     

盐胁迫对橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼AQP1基因表达的影响

水通道蛋白(aquaporin,AQP)是一类细胞膜通道蛋白,能够选择性地高效转运水分子。为研究橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)AQP1基因在渗透压调控中的作用,该实验克隆了橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼的AQP1基因,并利用实时荧光定量方法(q PCR)分析了该基因在各个组织中的表达分布及其在盐度梯度胁迫(低盐胁迫(22‰)和高盐胁迫(35‰))条件下鳃、肾和肌肉的表达特征。结果显示AQP1基因c DNA全长2 612 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)774 bp,编码258个氨基酸;其DNA序列全长3 215 bp,包含2个内含子,3个外显子。组织分布结果表明,AQP1基因在各组织都有表达,在肾、皮肤和肌肉中表达量相对较高;盐胁迫结果显示,在盐度为22时鳃和肾中表达量在6 h达到峰值,肌肉中在24 h达到峰值;当盐度升至35时,鳃、肾和肌肉表达量均升高。实验结果表明,AQP1基因的表达与盐度密切相关,并参与橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼的渗透压调控。     

尼罗罗非鱼NITR基因的克隆鉴定与组织表达分析

从尼罗罗非鱼脾脏组织中克隆获得新型免疫受体(NITR,Novel immune-type receptor)基因的编码区序列(Gen Bank登录号:KX989509;命名为On-NITR),该基因c DNA全长1 119 bp,ORF为1 026 bp,可编码341个氨基酸,理论分子量为37.38k D,等电点为8.28。通过NCBI BLAST比对发现罗非鱼NITR与其他已报道的物种NITR氨基酸序列相似度为27%-46%。氨基酸序列分析显示:On-NITR具有1个信号肽区域、2个胞外Ig-domain区、1个跨膜结构域,以及1个胞质尾区,该胞质尾区含有NITR典型的免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序(ITIM)和一个ITIM类似基序itim,且具有较高的保守性。荧光定量PCR分析显示,On-NITR在健康尼罗罗非鱼组织中均有表达,在肠道、皮肤、肝脏表达水平较高,在胸腺、鳃、脾脏、心脏、脑组织中的表达量较低,在头肾组织中的表达量最低。     

马氏珠母贝SRF基因的分子特征及组织特异性表达

血清反应因子(SRF)是一个高度保守的转录因子,在细胞增殖、细胞凋亡以及免疫反应中发挥重要作用。为了探究血清反应因子在马氏珠母贝中的生物学功能,本研究运用c DNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆得到马氏珠母贝SRF基因(Pm SRF)c DNA的全长序列,并且应用实时荧光定量PCR技术对Pm SRF基因在马氏珠母贝不同组织中的表达进行检测。结果显示,Pm SRF基因序列全长1 758 bp,其中开放阅读框(ORF)为1 440 bp,编码479个氨基酸,5'UTR为65 bp,3'UTR为253 bp,包含29 bp的poly A。预测其相对分子量为50 534.6 Da,理论等电点为7.71。多序列比对结果发现物种间SRF具有较高的保守性。SMART软件分析显示Pm SRF具有典型的MADS结构域。荧光定量PCR数据分析表明,Pm SRF基因在马氏珠母贝闭壳肌、肝胰腺、血细胞、外套膜、性腺、鳃六种组织中均有表达,其中在鳃中表达量最高。本研究可为进一步探究Pm SRF在贝类中的生物学功能提供重要的理论基础和参考价值。     

核定位信号在热休克蛋白 70 抑制氧化应激所致 细胞核仁分离中的作用

为探讨核定位信号在热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70) 抑制 H²O² 所致核仁损伤中的作用,采用分子克隆技术分别构建了 4 个真核表达载体, pcDNA3.1(-)-HSP70^WT (HSP70 野生型), pcDNA3.1(-)-HSP70^ΔNLS (核定位信号缺失突变体 ), pEGFP-N1-HSP70^WT, pEGFP-N1- HSP70^ΔNLS. 向传代培养的 C²C¹²肌源细胞培养液中加入终浓度为 1.0 mmol/L 的 H²O² 模拟体外氧化应激 . 甲苯胺蓝染色细胞核仁发现,正常细胞仅有一个位于中央的、浓染致密的核仁颗粒 . 过氧化氢处理后 3 h ,可见明显的核仁分离 . 热休克反应处理的细胞及转 pcDNA3.1( － )-HSP70WT 细胞则能明显抑制氧化应激所致的核仁分离 . 荧光蛋白示踪及核仁蛋白质免疫印迹分析显示, H²O²处理后 1 h , HSP70WT 由正常时的细胞浆定位转为细胞核及核仁定位,而 HSP70ΔNLS 在 H²O²处理后仍定位于细胞浆,同时丧失了抑制核仁分离的作用 . 上述结果提示,野生型 HSP70 能显著抑制氧化应激所致细胞核仁分离,核定位信号通过介导 HSP70 向细胞核及核仁移位而决定 HSP70 对核仁损伤的保护作用 .     

Possible involvement of MAP kinase pathways in acquired metal-tolerance induced by heat in plants

Cross tolerance is a phenomenon that occurs when a plant, in resisting one form of stress, develops a tolerance to another form. Pretreatment with nonlethal heat shock has been known to protect cells from metal stress. In this study, we found that the treatment of rice roots with more than 25 muM of Cu(2+) caused cell death. However, heat shock pretreatment attenuated Cu(2+)-induced cell death. The mechanisms of the cross tolerance phenomenon between heat shock and Cu(2+) stress were investigated by pretreated rice roots with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). CHX effectively block heat shock protection, suggesting that protection of Cu(2+)-induced cell death by heat shock was dependent on de novo protein synthesis. In addition, heat pretreatment downregulated ROS production and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities, both of which can be greatly elicited by Cu(2+) stress in rice roots. Moreover, the addition of purified recombinant GST-OsHSP70 fusion proteins inhibited Cu(2+)-enhanced MAPK activities in an in vitro kinase assay. Furthermore, loss of heat shock protection was observed in Arabidopsis mkk2 and mpk6 but not in mpk3 mutants under Cu(2+) stress. Taken together, these results suggest that the interaction of OsHSP70 with MAPKs may contribute to the cellular protection in rice roots from excessive Cu(2+) toxicity.     

Expression of stress proteins (HSP-70 and HSP-90) in the rabbit urinary bladder subjected to partial outlet obstruction

Partial obstruction of the rabbit bladder outlet induces a rapid hypertrophy characterized by increased bladder mass, increased smooth muscle content, and increased collagen deposition. In addition, partial outlet obstruction induces decreased contractile responses to both field stimulation and postsynaptic receptor stimulation. Although the morphological and contractile responses to partial outlet obstruction have been well characterized, there is little information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these changes. In a previous study, we demonstrated that one of the earliest genes to be expressed following partial outlet obstruction in rabbits was the gene expressing stress protein-70 (HSP-70). In order to further define the genetic and molecular basis of these responses, the expression of stress gene products HSP-70 and HSP-90 in rabbit urinary bladder subjected to partial outlet obstruction has been quantitatively evaluated by Western blot coupled with laser densitometry using anti-HSP-70 and-90 monoclonal antibodies. The data show that stress gene products HSP-70 and HSP-90 are constitutively expressed in control rabbit bladder tissue and transiently increased following partial outlet obstruction. Increased content of HSP-70 was detected at 6 hr after obstruction and reached a maximum (2.7-fold over the control level) at 24 hr. Increased HSP-90 was also detected at 6 hr but reached a maximum (4.5-fold over the control level) at 12 hr. By 7 day post-obstruction, the content of these two proteins returned to the control levels. This study suggests that alterations of stress gene expression resulting in increased HSP-70 and 90 may play an important role in the response of the bladder to partial outlet obstruction.     

人肝癌细胞BEL-7402中热休克蛋白70相伴甲胎蛋白的实验研究

为研究人肝癌细胞BEL-7402中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)与甲胎蛋白(AFP)的相互作用,采用免疫化学和免疫荧光检测HSP70和AFP在肝癌细胞中的表达和定位.HSP70与AFP的相互关系通过免疫共沉淀和蛋白印迹杂交进行分析.结果免疫化学显示人肝癌细胞BEL-7402中存在高水平的HSP70和AFP共表达,均定位于细胞浆.AFP存在于HSP70单抗的免疫沉淀中,而HSP70则存在于AFP单抗的免疫沉淀中.结果表明人肝癌细胞BEL-7402中HSP70与AFP相伴.两者之间的相互关系研究将成为探讨肝癌的发生和免疫治疗的新途径.     

轮状病毒与细胞表面受体相互作用的分子机制研究

目的轮状病毒是导致婴幼儿重症腹泻的重要病因。轮状病毒感染宿主细胞是一个多因素参与的复杂过程,包括病毒表面两种外壳蛋白与细胞表面唾液酸、整合素、热应激同源蛋白70等多种受体分子的相互作用。就轮状病毒与细胞受体相互作用的分子机制作了简要论述。     

Dissection of Structural and Functional Requirements That Underlie the Interaction of ERdj3 Protein with Substrates in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

ERdj3, a mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Hsp40/DnaJ family member, binds unfolded proteins, transfers them to BiP, and concomitantly stimulates BiP ATPase activity. However, the requirements for ERdj3 binding to and release from substrates in cells are not well understood. We found that ERdj3 homodimers that cannot stimulate the ATPase activity of BiP (QPD mutants) bound to unfolded ER proteins under steady state conditions in much greater amounts than wild-type ERdj3. This was due to reduced release from these substrates as opposed to enhanced binding, although in both cases dimerization was strictly required for substrate binding. Conversely, heterodimers consisting of one wild-type and one mutant ERdj3 subunit bound substrates at levels comparable with wild-type ERdj3 homodimers, demonstrating that release requires only one protomer to be functional in stimulating BiP ATPase activity. Co-expressing wild-type ERdj3 and a QPD mutant, which each exclusively formed homodimers, revealed that the release rate of wild-type ERdj3 varied according to the relative half-lives of substrates, suggesting that ERdj3 release is an important step in degradation of unfolded client proteins in the ER. Furthermore, pulse-chase experiments revealed that the binding of QPD mutant homodimers remained constant as opposed to increasing, suggesting that ERdj3 does not normally undergo reiterative binding cycles with substrates.     

Isoform-selective Genetic Inhibition of Constitutive Cytosolic Hsp70 Activity Promotes Client Tau Degradation Using an Altered Co-chaperone Complement

The constitutively expressed heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsc70) is a major chaperone protein responsible for maintaining proteostasis, yet how its structure translates into functional decisions regarding client fate is still unclear. We previously showed that Hsc70 preserved aberrant Tau, but it remained unknown if selective inhibition of the activity of this Hsp70 isoform could facilitate Tau clearance. Using single point mutations in the nucleotide binding domain, we assessed the effect of several mutations on the functions of human Hsc70. Biochemical characterization revealed that one mutation abolished both Hsc70 ATPase and refolding activities. This variant resembled the ADP-bound conformer at all times yet remained able to interact with cofactors, nucleotides, and substrates appropriately, resembling a dominant negative Hsc70 (DN-Hsc70). We then assessed the effects of this DN-Hsc70 on its client Tau. DN-Hsc70 potently facilitated Tau clearance via the proteasome in cells and brain tissue, in contrast to wild type Hsc70 that stabilized Tau. Thus, DN-Hsc70 mimics the action of small molecule pan Hsp70 inhibitors with regard to Tau metabolism. This shift in Hsc70 function by a single point mutation was the result of a change in the chaperome associated with Hsc70 such that DN-Hsc70 associated more with Hsp90 and DnaJ proteins, whereas wild type Hsc70 was more associated with other Hsp70 isoforms. Thus, isoform-selective targeting of Hsc70 could be a viable therapeutic strategy for tauopathies and possibly lead to new insights in chaperone complex biology.     

Tolerating diabetes: an alternative therapeutic approach for diabetic neuropathy

It is becoming apparent that a number of pathogenic mechanisms contribute to diabetic neuropathy, so that therapeutic interventions that target one particular mechanism may have limited success. A recently published preclinical study has adopted an alternative approach by using a novel small molecule to induce heat-shock protein 70. This confers upon neurons, and perhaps other cells of the nervous system, the ability to better tolerate the diverse stresses associated with diabetes rather than intervening in their production.