吉林长春发现珠颈斑鸠

2016年3月24日在位于吉林省长春市的吉林农业大学校园内(43°48′36″N,125°24′04″E,海拔227m)拍摄到1只体型大小与山斑鸠(Streptopelia orientalis)相当的鸽形目鸟类(图1).其嘴细长、暗褐色,虹膜棕红色,脚趾紫红色.额、头顶青灰色,头侧、前颈粉红色,后颈羽毛黑色密布白色珍...     

宁夏泾源发现灰翅鸫和黄臀鹎

正采用夜鹰HD-SG-009红外相机对宁夏泾源县六盘山国家级自然保护区的哺乳动物及地面活动的鸟类进行监测期间,于2018年6月10日在二龙河林场安放的红外相机(35°16′24.35″N,106°20′56.84″E,海拔2 535 m)拍摄到一种雀形目鸟类(图1a)。该鸟除翅和尾羽黑褐色外,其余全为橄榄褐色;嘴橘黄色,眼圈黄色,腿和爪暗肉色。2019年3月9日在六盘山国家级自然保护区(35°24′19.38″N,106°23′13.08″E,海拔1 782 m)拍摄到一种雀形目鸟类(图1b)。其额、头顶、枕、眼先、眼周均为黑色;耳羽灰褐或棕褐色,背、肩、腰至尾上覆羽土     

西藏墨脱发现黑胸楔嘴鹩鹛（Sphenocichla humei）

2014年11月10日在西藏自治区林芝地区墨脱县于墨脱公路海拔1 437 m处(29°35′45″N,95°28′25″E)路边灌丛中发现1群约7只黑胸楔嘴鹩鹛(Sphenocichla humei),经查阅文献,确认这是该物种在中国于印控藏南地区之外的首次记录。     

云南红河发现泰国环志钳嘴鹳

正钳嘴鹳(Anastomus oscitans)分布于泰国、印度、孟加拉国、斯里兰卡、缅甸等南亚和东南亚国家,2006年在我国首次记录于云南大理洱源境内(韩联宪等2016),现已广泛扩散至我国西南地区(Liu et al. 2015,韩联宪等2016)。目前对我国钳嘴鹳的具体来源地及其迁徙路线尚无报道。2016年6月25日,在云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州蒙自市马街哨村(23°27′13″N,103°24′02″E,海拔1 284 m)     

华东地区发现日本绣眼鸟

2019年10月31日早晨,在上海市浦东新区南汇东滩沿海大堤内侧的槐树林(121°42′52″E,31°1′48″N,海拔2 m)观察到2只绣眼鸟Zosterops spp.,并拍摄到其中1只(图1).该鸟体型小,具明显的先端断开的白眼圈;额部和头背暗绿色,喉及臀部黄色,胸侧及两胁晕染浅葡萄红色,腹部灰白色;嘴黑,下嘴...     

宁夏六盘山发现乌鸫

正2011年5月6日,在甘肃省平凉市崆峒区柳湖公园(35°32′46″N,106°40′10″E,海拔1 294 m)内发现乌鸫(Turdusmerula)繁殖巢一个,巢营于一高大柳树上,巢距地面高4.2m,巢中4只雏鸟即将出飞。2016年5月15日,在宁夏回族自治区隆德县十八里铺村(35°61′02″N,106°06′91″E,海拔1 987 m)发现并记录到乌鸫雄性个体1只,生活环境为村庄。2018年5月25日,在该县黄家峡村(35°63′48″N,106°19′86″E,海拔223 0 m),     

陕西省鸟类新记录——钳嘴鹳

2020年11月15日,在陕西省汉中市洋县城关镇北侧的草坝河下游河段(107°31′57"E,33°13′59″N,448 m)发现了 1只钳嘴鹳Anasromus oscitans.笔者实地考察发现,其体羽灰白,飞羽和尾羽黑色,飞翔时尤为显著,嘴粉色,闭合时缺口明显,腿粉红色(图1).这只钳嘴鹳活动于草坝河下游河道的...     

贵州贵阳发现流苏鹬

2019年9月5日,在贵州省贵阳市龙洞堡国际机场内(106°48′11″E,26°32′30″N,海拔1132m,挂网高度1.5 m)网捕到1只鹬科(Scolopacidae)鸟类,但因挂网时间过长而死亡.其体重105 g、体长290 mm、嘴长37 mm、翅长190 mm、尾长72 mm、跗跖57 mm.依据其趾间基...     

江苏省连云港发现黑冠■

正2019年3月29日16时左右在江苏省连云港市海滨公园(34°44′52″N,119°21′55″E,海拔13 m)发现1只体型略小的鹭科鸟类(图1)。该鸟头顶及羽冠黑色,脸部栗褐色,上体暗棕栗色带黑色蠹状纹;下体喉白、中部     

云南盈江发现长嘴钩嘴鹛指名亚种

正2017年1月4日、2018年1月12日,盈江观鸟爱好者杜银磊在云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州盈江县洪崩河流域的支流真通卡河附近的"鸟塘"(24°26′50.62″N,97°35′58.21″E,海拔636 m;24°26′54.66″N,97°36′02.42″E,海拔657 m),以及2018年3月10日徐永春在盈江县太平镇石梯村附近的"鸟塘"(24°27′17.90″N,97°33′26.53″E,     

茶梅叶片结构对自然变温的适应

以茶梅叶片为试材,通过田间形态观测、常规石蜡切片和扫描电镜方法,测定茶梅叶片形态、叶片结构和气孔特征在自然变温过程中的适应性变化.结果表明: 随着温度的逐渐降低,茶梅叶色由绿色逐渐变为暗绿色,并出现白色或紫色斑点;相对电导率和枯叶率呈先升高后下降的趋势,3月相对电导率和枯叶率最高,分别为56.0%和25.4%;2014年9月—2015年4月自然变温期间,茶梅叶片中脉厚度、叶片厚度、上下角质层厚度、上下表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度、中脉突起度、细胞紧实度均呈先上升后下降的趋势,而细胞疏松度先降低后增加,各指标在不同月份间差异显著;2014年10、12月和2015年3月茶梅叶片气孔长度、宽度变化不显著,3月关闭气孔所占比例最高.茶梅通过叶片结构和气孔的关闭提高自身对低温逆境的适应性.     

DNA methylation and epigenomics: new technologies and emerging concepts

A report of the Keystone Symposia joint meetings on DNA Methylation and Epigenomics held in Keystone, Colorado, USA, 29 March to 3 April, 2015.     

Length‐weight relationships of four sharks caught in the Northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

The length–weight relationships (LWRs) for four little‐known shark species collected in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea from March 2014 to September 2015 are presented, namely: Carcharhinus dussumieri, Carcharhinus macloti, Chiloscyllium arabicum, and Chaenogaleus macrostoma.     

滇西菜区小菜蛾发生规律及抗药性监测

掌握滇西菜区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella种群发生规律和抗药性水平,对提出区域性防控策略具有重要意义。2009-2015年,采用诱集法和浸叶法监测了滇西菜区小菜蛾种群发生动态及其对常用杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明：滇西菜区小菜蛾全年发生,为害期有9个月,春夏季为害重,3-6月为发生高峰期,2009-2015年最高诱蛾量为290~905头/7 d,小菜蛾种群对化学杀虫剂均产生了不同水平的抗药性,其中对阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯的抗药性最高,达到高水平抗药性,对多杀菌素、茚虫威和溴虫腈维持在中等水平抗药性,2011年对氯虫苯甲酰胺产生了28倍的抗药性,后恢复敏感,3年后又出现抗药性的上升趋势。可见,3-6月是滇西菜区小菜蛾防控的重要时期,可选择Bt、多杀菌素、茚虫威和溴虫腈等药剂轮换使用,减少氯虫苯甲酰胺使用次数,建议停用阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯。     

Has Wild Poliovirus Been Eliminated from Nigeria?

Wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3) has not been seen anywhere since the last case of WPV3-associated paralysis in Nigeria in November 2012. At the time of writing, the most recent case of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) in Nigeria occurred in July 2014, and WPV1 has not been seen in Africa since a case in Somalia in August 2014. No cases associated with circulating vaccine-derived type 2 poliovirus (cVDPV2) have been detected in Nigeria since November 2014. Has WPV1 been eliminated from Africa? Has WPV3 been eradicated globally? Has Nigeria interrupted cVDPV2 transmission? These questions are difficult because polio surveillance is based on paralysis and paralysis only occurs in a small fraction of infections. This report provides estimates for the probabilities of poliovirus elimination in Nigeria given available data as of March 31, 2015. It is based on a model of disease transmission that is built from historical polio incidence rates and is designed to represent the uncertainties in transmission dynamics and poliovirus detection that are fundamental to interpreting long time periods without cases. The model estimates that, as of March 31, 2015, the probability of WPV1 elimination in Nigeria is 84%, and that if WPV1 has not been eliminated, a new case will be detected with 99% probability by the end of 2015. The probability of WPV3 elimination (and thus global eradication) is > 99%. However, it is unlikely that the ongoing transmission of cVDPV2 has been interrupted; the probability of cVDPV2 elimination rises to 83% if no new cases are detected by April 2016.     

季节因素对过敏性结膜炎就诊及用药的影响研究

目的:探讨过敏性结膜炎(AC)与抗过敏滴眼液用量间的关系,并分析季节因素对其产生的影响。方法:采用重力沉降法于2015年全年对北京城区主要气传花粉浓度进行监测,统计2015年我院变态反应科门诊AC就诊诊次及三种主要抗过敏滴眼液处方量,并采用Spearman相关性分析AC就诊诊次与抗过敏滴眼液用量间的关系。结果:2015年全年共监测花粉76164颗,花粉分布呈现春秋两季高峰,花粉分布最高的月份为4月(34.84%),其次为3月(29.72%),5月(10.87%),9月(10.52%),8月(9.94%);花粉分布最少的月份为1月和11月(0.11%)。春季花粉高峰期(3-5月份)月平均花粉数量为19150颗,秋季花粉高峰期(8-9月份)月平均花粉数量为7792颗,秋季花粉高峰期月平均花粉数量低于春季。2015年我院变态反应科AC月平均就诊诊次为(80.42±54.28)人次,8月份AC诊次最高,占全年的18.03%,其次为9月份(16.99%)、4月份(13.99%)、3月份(12.54%)、5月份(7.98%)。抗过敏滴眼液月平均用量为(148.67±148.63)瓶,8月份抗过敏滴眼液用量最高,占全年的28.25%,其次为3月份(17.21%)、9月份(14.18%)、4月份(13.11%)、5月份(8.30%),AC就诊次数及抗过敏滴眼液处方量均呈现春秋季节高峰。Spearman相关性分析显示,每月花粉量与AC就诊诊次、抗过敏滴眼液用量呈正相关(r=0.806,0.830,P=0.000,0.000),AC就诊诊次与抗过敏滴眼液用量呈正相关(r=0.923,P=0.000)。结论:花粉分布、AC诊次及抗过敏滴眼液用量均出现春秋季节高峰。秋季花粉致敏性高于春季花粉,用药及AC就诊最高峰均出现在秋季。     

Change in ecological stoichiometry of Carex brevicuspis in response to seasonal dynamics and elevation in Dongting Lake,China

Plant nutrient stoichiometry is affected by both environmental factors and plant physiological processes. However, we know little about how small elevation gradients (influencing e.g. flooding regimes) and seasonality combine with soil physicochemical properties to influence nutrient stoichiometry in wetland plants. In this study, we examined these factors in Carex brevicuspis at Dongting Lake, China, during the non‐flooding periods in March, May and December of 2015 and February of 2016. We found that total foliar C concentration increased as elevation increased, especially during December 2015 and February 2016. At the low‐elevation site, total foliar C concentration decreased over the season, whereas it first increased and then decreased over time at higher elevations. Foliar total N and P concentrations decreased from March to May and subsequently increased throughout the season, and these concentrations were always much higher at the low‐elevation site. The C:N and C:P ratios first increased and then decreased over the season, while increasing with rising elevation. The N:P ratio was lower at the low‐elevation site, especially during May 2015 and February 2016; its variation over time differed across the elevations. A canonical correspondence analysis revealed that soil organic C, total N and soil nitrate N are important for determining C. brevicuspis stoichiometry. Our results suggest that both elevation and plant life stage have a significant influence on plant stoichiometry. This study improves our understanding of the seasonal dynamics of plant nutrients under different geographical conditions.     

A preliminary check list of macromycetes in northern Tunisia

Within the last decade, checklists of fungi of several countries have been published or updated. Nevertheless, no checklists of macromycetes have hitherto been published for Tunisia (North Africa) apart from a mycocoenological study reporting 34 listed species. This work presents a list of macromycetes collected from January 2014 to March 2015 in six governorates of northern Tunisia. One hundred and twenty-three species (117 basidiomycetes and six ascomycetes) belonging to 78 genera and 46 families were recorded.