核定位信号筛选系统的构建

建立了一酵母克隆系统用于克隆含核定位信号 (NLS)的蛋白质的基因 .用表达转录因子GAL4 DNA结合域 - p53(GAL4- DBD- p53)融合蛋白的质粒转化酵母 HF7c,使 GAL4- DBD- p53可结合于报告基因的启动子但因无转录激活域而不能激活转录 .构建一酵母穿梭载体 ,可表达无NLS的 GAL4转录激活域 -大 T抗原 (GAL4- AD- LT)融合蛋白 .融合蛋白基因的下游插入一多克隆位点 .将 c DNA文库插入多克隆位点后 ,如果 c DNA片段可编码 NLS,则 GAL4- AD- LT分子可进入细胞核 ,并通过 LT与 p53的相互作用而使 GAL4- AD结合于启动子和激活报告基因的转录 .构建了这一克隆系统的各质粒 ,并用绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP)验证了其对核内蛋白和胞浆蛋白的甄别能力 .这一系统将有助于从 c DNA文库中筛选编码带有 NLS的蛋白质的基因     

Binding of the Ets factor GA-binding protein to an upstream site in the factor IX promoter is a critical event in transactivation.

Factor IX is an essential vitamin K-dependent serine protease that participates in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. The protein is expressed exclusively in the liver. The rare Leyden form of hemophilia B (inherited factor IX deficiency) results from point mutations in three proximal promoter elements that decrease factor IX expression. Recovery of expression occurs following puberty, with factor IX protein levels rising into the normal range. We have previously implicated the PAR domain D-site-binding protein (DBP) as well as an upstream element, site 5, as playing important roles in the phenotypic recovery of hemophilia B Leyden. Here we demonstrate that site 5 binds both the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPalpha) and the ubiquitous Ets factor GA-binding protein (GABPalpha/beta). Transactivation of the factor IX promoter by the PAR proteins DBP and hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) is dependent on the binding of GABPalpha/beta to site 5, and coexpression of these two factors is required for optimal activation of this promoter. The binding of C/EBPalpha to site 5 also augments the activity of GABPalpha/beta. Analysis of the developmental regulation of site 5-binding proteins in rat liver has shown that C/EBPalpha and the GABPbeta subunit increase markedly in the 2 weeks after birth. These observations establish a functional association between the Ets factor GABPalpha/beta and C/EBPalpha and indicate that the two PAR proteins, DBP and HLF, may play complementary roles in factor IX activation. Given the developmental changes exhibited by these proteins, it is likely that they play a role in regulation of the normal factor IX promoter as well as promoters carrying hemophilia B Leyden mutations.