人参皂苷Rg1通过缺氧诱导因子1α促进血管内皮生长因子旁分泌

目的：研究人参中提取的小分子活性物质皂苷Rg1能否促进大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（marrow—derived mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）分泌血管内皮生长因子,并进一步探究其作用机制与缺氧诱导因子1α（Hypoxia—induciblefactor,HIF-1）的相关性。方法：用酶联免疫吸附剂测定法（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）观察细胞培养上清中的血管内皮生长因子（vascularen—dothelial growth factor,VEGF）以及蛋白印迹法（western blot）观察细胞中缺氧诱导因子相关蛋白的变化。结果：①通过对照组与人参皂苷Rgl处理组比较发现,1小时前血管内皮生长因子的分泌在两组之间没有明显差异,而在1小时后人参皂苷Rg1处理组相比较于对照组的血管内皮生长因子分泌显著性增加;②进一步实验发现人参皂苷Rgl处理的骨髓问充质干细胞中的HIF—1α在1小时后明显增加,而HIF-1β没有随时间有明显变化。结论：人参皂苷Rgl具有促进骨髓间充质干细胞分泌VEGF的功能,并且发现HIF-1α在这一过程中发挥关键作用,为将来人参皂苷Rgl在临床中的广泛应用提供了重要的理论依据。     

TGF-β1、HIF-1α、VEGF在胃癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达及临床意义

目的：研究TGF-β1（转化生长因子-β1）、HIF-1α（低氧诱导因子-1α）、VEGF（血管内皮生长因子）在胃癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达及临床意义。方法：选取于我院就诊的160例胃癌手术患者切除的组织,采用免疫组化技术检测手术切除的胃癌组织中的TGF-β1、HIF-1α及VEGF的表达,分析其与患者临床病理参数的关系。结果：免疫组化结果显示：TGF-β1、HIF-1α及VEGF在胃癌组织中的表达均高于癌旁组织,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;TGF-β1、HIF-1α及VEGF的表达均与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移及浸润深度有关（P〈0.05）;VEGF的表达分别与TGF-β1、HIF-1α的表达呈相关关系（P〈0.05）。结论：TGF-β1、HIF-1α及VEGF在胃癌组织中的表达与胃癌的病理学特征有关,检测TGF-β1、HIF-1α及VEGF的表达将有助于临床诊治胃癌患者。     

低氧处理不同时间对人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖的影响及相应缺氧模型探讨*

目的:观察低氧处理不同时间对人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖的影响,探讨合理的人肺腺癌细胞株A549体外模拟缺氧时间。方法:将人肺腺癌细胞A549细胞株在低氧环境下分别培养12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h,设置常氧对照组,通过CCK8法测定A549细胞存活率,RT-PCR和免疫印迹分别检测细胞缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, HIF-1α)和血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelial growth factor, VEGF)mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果:低氧24 h组A549细胞存活率最高,低氧48 h、72 h组A549细胞存活率呈时间依赖性明显下降(P0.001)。自低氧12 h起,A549细胞HIF-1αmRNA和VEGFmRNA的表达开始随低氧时间延长而显著增加(P均0.001);HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白表达自24 h开始随低氧时间延长而显著增加(P均0.001)。结论:低氧诱导的A549细胞存活率呈时间依赖性降低,而HIF-1α、VEGF表达呈时间依赖性增高,人肺癌细胞株A549缺氧模型最适时间为24 h。     

Hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1alpha and its target genes in umbilical venous endothelial cells of Tibetans and immigrant Han

The better adaptation of native Tibetans to hypoxia is thought to be partly due to improved umbilical circulation, which results in reduced pre- and postnatal fatalities. We hypothesized that the difference in umbilical circulation between native Tibetans and other high-altitude inhabitants was due to differences in the expression of hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1) and its target genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We tested this hypothesis by examining the effect of hypoxia on the expression of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, and iNOS in cultured umbilical venous endothelial cells (UVECs) from native Tibetans and immigrant Hans. UVECs were collected and cultured under hypoxic (0.5% oxygen) or normoxic conditions for 2, 4, 12 and 24 h. The mRNA levels of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and iNOS and the protein level of HIF-1alpha were determined with RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. In both immigrant Han and Tibetans, HIF-1alpha mRNA was constitutively expressed under normoxic condition, and remained constant after hypoxic exposure. In contrast, HIF-1alpha protein was undetectable under normoxic condition, but underwent dynamic changes in response to hypoxia. It was induced at 4 h, peaked at 12 h, and remained elevated at 24 h. Concurrent with the induction of HIF-1alpha protein, the mRNA levels of VEGF and iNOS were also up-regulated whereas that of eNOS was down-regulated. The lack of a hypoxia-related difference in the expression of HIF-1alpha and its target genes suggests that HIF-1alpha does not play a critical role in high altitude adaptation. Alternative mechanisms may be responsible for the better adaptation of native Tibetans.     

鼻息肉中HIF-1α、VEGF 和miR-200a 表达及其与复发相关性研究

目的:分析不同病理分型鼻息肉中HIF-1α、VEGF和miR-200a表达及其与复发相关性研究。方法:选取鼻息肉患者42例,在随访期间有15例鼻息肉复发。采用免疫组化SABC法检测鼻息肉及下鼻甲组织中HIF-1α、VEGF表达水平,采用q RT-PCR技术检测鼻息肉及下鼻甲粘膜组织中miRNA-200a表达量。对比分析不同病理分型HIF-1α、VEGF、miRNA-200a表达差异并分析鼻息肉复发的因素。结果:鼻息肉中miR-200a表达量明显低于下鼻甲粘膜组织(P0.05)。鼻息肉中HIF-1α、VEGF表达量明显高于于下鼻甲粘膜组织(P0.05)。鼻息肉病组织中miR-200a表达量明显低于单发鼻息肉、多发鼻息肉(P0.05);鼻息肉病标本中HIF-1α、VEGF表达量明显高于单发鼻息肉、多发鼻息肉组织(P0.05)。鼻息肉复发与鼻息肉的病理分型、HIF-1α、VEGF表达密切相关(P0.05)。结论:鼻息肉增生和局部血管的生成密切相关,HIF-1α可能是同构调节miR-200a表达,来控制VEGF及血管生成的。     

Chronic hypoxia promotes an aggressive phenotype in rat prostate cancer cells

In general, tumors cells that are resistant to apoptosis and increase angiogenesis are a result of the hypoxic responses contributing to the malignant phenotype. In this study, we developed a chronic hypoxic cell model (HMLL), by incubating the prostate cancer MatLyLu cells in a hypoxic chamber (1% O₂) over 3 weeks. Surviving cells were selected through each cell passage and were grown in the hypoxic condition up to 8 weeks. This strategy resulted in survival of only 5% of the cells. The surviving hypoxic cells displayed a greater stimulation on hypoxic adaptive response, including a greater expression of glucose transporter1 (Glut1) and VEGF secretion. In addition, higher invasion activity was observed in the chronic hypoxic HMLL cells as compared to MatLyLu cells exposed to acute hypoxia (1% O₂, 5 h) using the matrigel assay. To further examine the role of HIF-1α in tumor progression, both MatLyLu and HMLL cells were transfected with dominant-negative form of HIF-1α (DNHIF-1α). The Matrigel invasion activity induced by chronic hypoxia was significantly attenuated by DNHIF-1α. These results suggest that signaling pathways leading to hypoxic response may be differentially regulated in chronic hypoxic cells and acute hypoxic cells. Chronic hypoxia may play a greater role than acute hypoxia in promoting the aggressive phenotype of tumor cells. This observation mimics the clinical scenario where tumor cells following treatment with radiation are subjected to hypoxic conditions. The reemergence of tumor following treatment usually results in tumor cells that are more aggressive and metastatic.     

The effects of chronic smoking on lung tissue and the role of alpha lipoic acid

Abstract

We investigated the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on blood and lung tissue exposed chronically to cigarette smoke (CS). Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 was the control group (CON): fresh air was supplied twice daily and 0.1 ml physiological saline was given orally for 8 weeks. Group 2 was exposed to CS: 12 cigarettes were smoked daily at two sessions for 1 h and 0.1 ml saline was given orally for 8 weeks. Group 3 (CS + ALA) was exposed to 12 cigarettes daily in two sessions for 1 h and 100 mg/kg/day ALA was given orally for 8 weeks. DNA damage was assessed using comet analysis; oxidative damage was assessed using ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) from blood; and total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in blood and lung tissue. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and ?2α, caspase-3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF₂) were conducted using lung tissue. The oxidative markers, TOS, OSI and IMA, and the comet analysis score were increased and the TAS level was decreased in the blood of the CS group compared to the CON group. IMA levels in blood, and TOS and OSI levels in the lung were decreased significantly in the CS + ALA group compared to the CS group. We observed increased septal wall thickness, marked and diffuse inflammatory reaction, emphysema, and necrotic cell debris in bronchial and bronchiolar lumens in the CS group. HIF-1α, HIF-2α, caspase-3 and FGF₂ expressions were increased, while VEGF expression decreased in the lung tissues of the CS group compared to the CON group. ALA slightly ameliorated the damage caused by chronic exposure to CS in the lungs, but further investigation is needed to determine its possible protective effects at different dosages.     

Regulatory role of vHL/HIF-1alpha in hypoxia-induced VEGF production in hepatic stellate cells

Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) produce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production that participates in angiogenesis in injured liver. To reveal the unknown regulatory mechanism, we used hypoxic atmosphere mimicking injured-tissue microenvironment to induce VEGF expression in a rat hepatic stellate cell line (T6-HSCs). The present study showed that hypoxia up-regulated the protein levels of COX-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1alpha), but rapidly effected degradation of von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) protein. As a result, expression of VEGF in HSCs was markedly elevated; and pretreatment with COX-2 inhibitors (nimesulide or indomethacin) could significantly ameliorate the angiogenic event. Collectively, hypoxic HSCs increased accumulation of HIF-1alpha protein and induced VEGF expression in a time-dependent manner. Inhibition of COX-2 activities would prevent vHL protein from degradation and suppress HIF-1alpha up-regulation. Thus, vHL/HIF-1alpha has a regulatory role in COX-2-mediated VEGF production in hypoxic stellate cells in injured liver.     

MTA1 promotes the invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells potentially through the HIF-α/VEGF pathway

Abstract

The metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) has previously been recognized as an oncogene, and abnormal MTA1 expression has been related to progression of numerous cancer types to the metastasis stage. However, the function of MTA1 in the regulation of pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis remains unclear. Western blot analysis was adopted to determine the expression of MTA1 in pancreatic cancer tissues and corresponding near normal tissues. Steady clone with MTA1-overexpression and MTA1-inhibitionweregenerated via lentivirus technology in BxPc-3 cells. Transwell assay was carried out for detecting the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. The migration activity was assessed using the wound scratch assay. The effect of MTA1 in pancreatic cancer was evaluated in the mice xenografts. Western blot analysis was employed to determine the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro and in vivo. We observed that MTA1 overexpression enhanced migration and invasion ability of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and increased HIF-α and VEGF protein levels in vitro and in vivo. MTA1 inhibition had the opposite effects. MTA1 protein level was positively related to HIF-α and VEGF protein levels. These results indicated that MTA1 potentially promoted pancreatic cancer metastasis via HIF-α/VEGF pathway. This research supplies a new molecular mechanism for MTA1 in the pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. MTA1 may be an effective therapy target in pancreatic cancer.     

Steroid synthesis by primary human keratinocytes; implications for skin disease

Mechanical stretch has been shown to increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cultured myocytes. Sympathetic neurons (SN) also possess the ability to express and secrete VEGF, which is mediated by the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway. Recently, we demonstrated that SN respond to stretch with an upregulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Whether stretch increases neuronal VEGF expression still remains to be clarified. Therefore, SN from the superior cervical ganglia of neonatal Sprangue Dawley rats were exposed to a gradual increase of stretch from 3% up to 13% within 3 days (3%, 7% and 13%). Under these conditions, the expression and secretion of VEGF was analyzed. Mechanical stretch significantly increased VEGF mRNA and protein expression (mRNA: control = 1 vs. stretch = 3.1; n = 3/protein: control = 1 vs. stretch = 2.7; n = 3). ELISA experiments to asses VEGF content in the cell culture supernatant showed a time and dose dependency in VEGF increment due to stretch. NGF and CNTF neutralization decreased stretch-induced VEGF augmentation in a significant manner. This response was mediated in part by TrkA receptor activation. The stretch-induced VEGF upregulation was accompanied by an increase in HIF-1α expression. KDR levels remained unchanged under conditions of stretch, but showed a significant increase due to NGF neutralization. In summary, SN respond to stretch with an upregulation of VEGF, which is mediated by the NGF/CNTF and TrkA signaling pathway paralleled by HIF-1α expression. NGF signaling seems to play an important role in regulating neuronal KDR expression.     

雷帕霉素对低氧下HL-60细胞的低氧调控信号分子表达的影响

摘要目的：通过小分子化合物氯（CoCt2）模拟的低氧环境,分析低氧下及其雷帕霉素（RPM）作用下人急性髓细胞白血病细胞HL．60的低氧调控信号分子表达的变化;方法：常规方法复苏、传代、培养HL-60细胞,培养细胞进入对数生长期后用于实验。低氧模拟组、低氧雷帕霉素处理组、常氧雷帕霉素处理组分别用含2001xmol／LCoCl2、2001xmol／LCOCl2／20nmol／LRPM、20nmol／LRPM的1640培养基处理生长状态良好的细胞,对照组细胞用1640培养基培养,各组置培养箱以37℃、5％CO2培养,并于处理后24h、48h、72h收集细胞用于检测;采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测低氧诱导因子（HIF-1α）、内皮细胞生长因于（VEGF）、雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）及GAPDH在转录水平的表达;结果：①与各时段对照组相比,低氧模拟组HIF-1α表达随时间逐渐增加,72h明显上调;与常氧雷帕霉素处理组各时段比较,低氧雷帕霉素处理组HIF-1α表达早期（24h）相对下调,后期相对上调;②．与对照组比较,各处理组mTOR表达均下调,低氧雷帕霉素处理组在早期（24h）下调显著;与常氧雷帕霉素处理组比较,低氧雷帕霉素处理组mTOR各时段的表达均相对下调;③与对照组各时段相比,低氧模拟组VEGF的表达在早期显著上调,但后期呈下调;常氧雷帕霉素处理组各时段VEGF的表达下调,与其比较,低氧雷帕霉素处理组各时段均呈相对下调。结论：常氧和低氧下RPM作用HL-60细胞后VEGF、mTOR的mRNA均表达下调,RPM可在低氧环境下增强了这种下调表达作用。     

Characterization of ARD1 variants in mammalian cells

Mouse ARD1 (mARD1) has been reported to negatively regulate the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein by acetylating a lysine residue and enhancing HIF-1α ubiquitination and degradation. However, it was recently reported that human ARD1 (hARD1) does not affect HIF-1α stability. To further explore the activities of the two orthologs, three mouse (mARD1¹⁹⁸, mARD1²²⁵, mARD1²³⁵) and two human (hARD1¹³¹, hARD1²³⁵) variants were identified and characterized. Among these, mARD1²²⁵ was previously reported as a novel negative regulator of HIF-1α. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the C-terminal region (aa 158-225) of mARD1²²⁵ completely differs from those of mouse and human ARD1²³⁵, although all three proteins share a well-conserved N-acetyltransferase domain (aa 45-130). The effects of ARD1 variants were evaluated with respect to HIF-1α stability and acetylation activity. Interestingly, mARD1²²⁵ strongly decreased the level of HIF-1α and increased the extent of acetylation, whereas mARD1²³⁵ and hARD1²³⁵ variants had a much weaker effect on HIF-1α stability and acetylation. These results suggest that ARD1 variants might have different effects on HIF-1α stability and acetylation, which may reflect diverse biological functions that remain to be determined.     

Hypergravity induces expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the heart vessels

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme for prostaglandin biosynthesis, is induced by various stimuli including mechanical stress and plays important roles in pathophysiological conditions. For example, gravitational stress has been shown to induce expression of COX-2 in bone tissues, which is essential for bone homeostasis. To investigate whether COX-2 is induced by gravitational loading in other tissues than bone, we exposed mice to hypergravity at 2G and 3G for 4 h. We demonstrate here that COX-2 is induced in the mouse heart vessels by hypergravity. Moreover, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and its downstream genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and heme oxygenase-1 were induced in the heart simultaneously, while none of these genes were induced in the COX-2(-/-) mouse heart. Therefore, COX-2 induced in the heart helps protect the heart function against hypoxia under hypergravity condition through HIF-1alpha induction.     

术前血清VEGF、HMGB1及HIF-1α对无法切除的肝细胞癌患者TACE术后预后的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨术前血清血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）及缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）对无法切除的肝细胞癌（HCC）患者经动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）术后预后的预测价值。方法：选取2018年6月～2021年6月湖南中医药高等专科学校附属第一医院收治的240例无法行根治性切除术的HCC患者,根据TACE术后1年预后情况分为预后不良组和预后良好组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测术前血清VEGF、HMGB1及HIF-1α水平,分析三者与HCC患者临床病理特征的关系。采用多因素Logistic回归分析HCC患者TACE术后预后不良的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析术前血清VEGF、HMGB1及HIF-1α水平对HCC患者TACE术后预后不良的预测价值。结果：HCC患者术前VEGF、HMGB1及HIF-1α水平与Child-Pugh分级、分化程度和血管侵犯有关（P＜0.05）。随访1年,240例HCC患者TACE术后预后不良发生率为25.42％（61/240）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Child-Pugh分级B级、甲胎蛋白≥400 μg/L、血管侵犯和VEGF、HMGB1、HIF-1α升高为HCC患者TACE术后预后不良的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,术前血清VEGF、HMGB1及HIF-1α水平联合预测HCC患者TACE术后预后不良的曲线下面积大于VEGF、HMGB1、HIF-1α单独预测。结论：术前血清VEGF、HMGB1及HIF-1α水平升高与HCC患者TACE术后预后不良有关,三者联合预测HCC患者TACE术后预后不良的价值较高。     

缺氧诱导因子-1在非小细胞肺癌胸水中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系

目的探讨缺氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia inducible factor-1,HIF-1)在非小细胞肺癌胸水细胞中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系。方法利用免疫组织化学、免疫细胞化学分别检测1180例非小细胞肺癌标本中HIF-1α和HIF-1β蛋白的表达以及非小细胞肺癌胸水细胞中血管生成标记物CD34和VEGF的表达情况,其中包括1060例非小细胞肺癌胸水标本以及用于对照的120例肺穿刺非小细胞肺癌组织标本。结果 HIF-1α在非小细胞肺癌穿刺组织中的表达率72.50%(87/120)明显高于非小细胞肺癌胸水中表达率17.55%(186/1060),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);HIF-1β在非小细胞肺癌穿刺组织中的表达率为77.50%(93/120),而在非小细胞肺癌胸水中表达率为81.42%(863/1060),差异无统计学意义(P0.05);CD34、VEGF在非小细胞肺癌胸水细胞中阳性表达率分别为77.92%(826/1060)、82.92%(879/1060)。HIF-1α与HIF-1β的表达呈显著正相关(r=0.093,P=0.002),HIF-1α与VEGF的表达呈显著正相关(r=104,P=0.001),HIF-1β与VEGF的表达无相关性(P0.05)。结论 HIF-1α在非小细胞肺癌穿刺组织与非小细胞肺癌胸水中的差异性表达,可能与非小细胞肺癌胸水细胞缺氧适应性调节有关,HIF-1与肿瘤血管生成密切相关。