家蚕人工单性生殖实验方法

单性生殖,系指卵未经受精单独发育成新个体。单性生殖可分为自然单性生殖和人工单性生殖两大类。人工单性生殖又分为孤雌生殖和孤雄生殖。家蚕是理想的实验材料,一年四季都可养殖。用盐酸、硫酸、蚁酸、离心、CO_2等均可诱导家蚕不受精卵进行单性生殖。但诱导频率较低,而且未交尾的雌蛾产卵很不集中。目     

激光诱发家蚕孤雌生殖的研究：Ⅲ单性一号及单性二号性状表现

采用CO_2激光扩束辐照诱发家蚕孤雌生殖,从获得的单性蚕中,选择出单性一号和单性二号两个类型,单性一号由血色限性突变为斑纹限性,体质强健好养,单性二号仍保持亲本的血色限性,但茧丝质有了提高。     

激光诱发家蚕孤雌生殖的研究ⅥLamp1及Lamp2的配合力测定及优秀杂交组合选拔

激光诱导家蚕孤雌生殖育成的新类型Ｌａｍｐ１和Ｌａｍｐ２,经配合力测定,选拔出一对优秀杂交组合Ｌａｍｐ１×中８,其体质、茧质和丝质均优于现行生产品种菁松×皓月。     

枣刺蛾颗粒体病毒的初步研究

从枣刺蛾(Iragoides conjuncta Walker)幼虫虫尸中分离到一株颗粒体病毒,颗粒体为椭圆形、卵圆形,约200—250×300—400毫微米,颗粒体在2％NaOH溶液中降解,能游离释放出杆状病毒粒子,病毒粒子两端圆滑,多数微弯,约150—200×30—35毫微米。室内感染3龄幼虫的LC_(50)为1×10~(-4·36),野外用3000—5000倍病虫尸匀浆液喷洒,枣刺蛾幼虫下降可达86—100％,杀虫效果比化学农药马拉硫磷好。此株病毒对扁刺蛾、褐边绿刺蛾、枣尺蠖、家蚕、柞蚕和瓢虫无致病性,该病毒的分离获得为枣刺蛾的综合防治提供了一种安全有效的新方法。     

粉蝶虫疫霉的鉴定及流行

感染重阳木斑蛾的粉蝶虫疫霉分生孢子卵圆型或倒卵型,单核,双囊壁,21.7—26.7×12.5—16.7pm,平均24.6士1.4×14.2士0.9μm,长径比(L/D)1.73士0.1。分生孢子梗单枝,二叉分枝或掌状分枝。囊状体和假根众多。假根多数单枝,少数末端二叉分枝或多叉分枝。可感染鳞翅目、半翅目和双翅目等多种害虫。     

粉蝶虫疫霉的鉴定及流行

感染重阳木斑蛾的粉蝶虫疫霉分生孢子卵圆型或倒卵型,单核,双囊壁,21.7—26.7×12.5—16.7μm,平均24.6士1.4×14.2土0.9μm,长径比(L/D)1.73士0.1。分生孢子梗单枝,二叉分枝或掌状分枝。囊状体和假根众多。假根多数单枝,少数末端二叉分枝或多叉分枝。可感染鳞翅目、半翅目和双翅目等多种害虫。     

激光诱导杨树单性生殖的研究

激光诱导杨树单性生殖是一项新技术。自１９９３年以来,试验已获得用花药培养的花粉单倍体植株和用未授粉子房培养产生的愈伤组织无性繁殖性。说明激光诱导杨树单性生殖是有效的。     

动物的孤雌生殖

孤雌生殖（parthenogenesis）也叫做“单性生殖或处女生殖”。孤雌生殖的定义是：“雌性个体产生的卵,无需受精．可发育成新雌性个体。”植物也可能有类似的情形,但植物受精作用的细节多少有些不同,所以这个定义只适用于动物。     

米蛾卵饲养东亚小花蝽的关键点研究

本研究在实验室条件下,评价了以米蛾Corcyra cephalonica卵作为东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri替代饲料的饲养效率及其对米蛾卵的取食量等,探讨了成虫最佳饲养密度和最佳产卵基质等繁殖关键技术点。结果发现,东亚小花蝽取食米蛾卵可以满足全世代生长发育的营养需求,单雌均产卵量为70.5±4.2粒,种群指数为22.18;东亚小花蝽雌成虫一生需要取食米蛾卵183.8±5.4粒;以每对成虫50 cm3的空间密度饲养东亚小花蝽成虫时,其单雌产卵量最多（70.2±3.2粒）,与雌成虫单头饲养时的产卵量（70.5±4.2粒）相近;在供试的四种产卵基质中,东亚小花蝽偏好选择白芸豆Phaseolus Bulgaris嫩茎和具叶柄叶片作为产卵基质,其卵的孵化率可达91.76%,显著高于发芽的蚕豆Vicia faba种子和夏至草Lagopsis supina 嫩茎。以上研究结果可为东亚小花蝽的规模化饲养提供有价值的技术依据。     

不同波长激光辐照花生种子的生物学效应

本实验考察了Ｋ＋ｒ、Ａｒ＋、Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ、ＨｅＮｅ和ＬＤ等不同波长的激光辐照对花生种子产生的生物学效应。结果显示,适当剂量不同波长的激光辐照都能促进花生种子生长。在辐照剂量为０．１２８ｗ／ｃｍ２×１８０ｓ的条件下,较短波长激光对花生幼苗的促进作用比长波长激光显著;在辐照剂量为１．２８ｗ／ｃｍ２×１８ｓ的条件下,短波长激光对花生种子的萌发及胚的生长有抑制作用,而长波长激光有促进效应。在相同辐照剂量条件下,不同功率密度与时间的组合其辐照效果不同。１．２８ｗ／ｃｍ２功率密度的Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ（５３２ｎｍ）激光脉冲输出辐照对花生种子的生长产生显著的抑制作用。实验结果提示,要得到相同的辐照效果,长波长激光与短波长激光相比,必须提高辐照功率密度或加大辐照输出剂量。     

HIGH AND LOW DENSITY WATER AND RESTING,ACTIVE AND TRANSFORMED CELLS

Resting and active states of cells are described in terms of the expectation, derived from experiments with aqueous polymers, that they contain two modified forms of water: high density, reactive, fluid water and low density, inert, viscous water. Low density water predominates in a resting cell and is converted to high density water in an active cell. It is proposed that switching from one state to another is an integral part of cellular function. When this ability is lost cells are transformed either to a state of rigor or to a hyperactive state in which they no longer depend upon external signals.     

SPHINGOLIPIDS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN MICROSOMES AND MYELIN FROM NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL BRAINS

—Myelin and microsomes were separated from human cerebral white matter and cortex respectively using the technique of 15% caesium chloride and their sphingolipid and phospholipid contents estimated. Normal brains as well as cerebral material from cases of metachromatic leucodystrophy, Krabbe's disease and Tay-Sachs’disease were studied. Gangliosides were not present in normal myelin but were found in microsomes and in myelin from the pathological material. The ratio of cerebroside to sulphatide in myelin was 4 to 1 in normal, 1 to 20 in metachromatic and 7 to 1 in Krabbe's disease. The results in the human material are briefly discussed.