p53过表达抑制同源盒基因NKX3.1启动子活性

NKX3.1是前列腺特异表达的同源盒基因,在前列腺癌的发生发展中起重要作用,而在前列腺癌进展中常会发生p53的基因突变.为研究两者之间的关系,构建NKX-3.1启动子(1 040bp)-荧光素酶报告基因重组质粒（pGL3-1040）及其缺失突变体,瞬时转染前列腺癌细胞LNCaP.通过荧光素酶表达活性分析,检测p53过表达对NKX3.1启动子活性的影响.结果表明：p53在LNCaP细胞中过表达可明显抑制NKX3.1启动子活性;RT-PCR及Western印迹检测p53过表达对NKX3.1表达的影响.结果表明,p53过表达可以明显抑制同源盒基因NKX3.1的表达.通过TRANSFAC软件分析,在NKX3.1基因上游-526至-507区存在一个p53反应元件的5′核心序列.缺失pGL3-1040中的p53反应元件核心序列并不能消除p53对NKX3.1启动子的抑制作用,表明p53不是通过p53反应元件直接抑制NKX3.1启动子活性.进一步通过5′缺失突变分析,发现NKX3.1启动子-140～+8 bp区仍受p53负调控.此148 bp区域中含有一个Sp1和一个CREB元件,瞬时共转染Sp1表达载体或CREB表达载体的结果表明,p53并不是通过与Sp1或CREB相互作用对NKX3.1启动子发挥抑制作用的.上述结果表明,p53过表达可以抑制同源盒基因NKX3.1启动子活性,下调NKX3.1基因的转录,其调控机制有待进一步研究.     

诱发心肌细胞肥大过程中p53和c－myc基因表达的原位杂交研究

利用血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｕｇⅡ）诱发下培养的ＳＤ乳鼠心肌细胞（ＭＣ）肥大的模型,采用地高辛配体（ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ）标记探针的原位分子杂交方法,研究了ｐ５３和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因在血管紧张素Ⅱ促培养乳鼠心肌细胞肥大中的表达变化。实验分成二组：根据ＡｎｇⅡ持续作用心肌细胞时间,实验组分别于第一天,第三天和第七天终止培养;对照组是相同时期不加血管紧张素培养的心肌细胞。杂交信号用图象分析仪（ＭＩＡＳ３００）进行分析处理,统计结果显示：实验组ｐ５３ｍＲＮＡ的表达水平明显低于对照组,且表达水平与用药时间呈负相关。而ｃ－ｍｙｃ的ｍＲＮＡ在加药促肥大早期（第１天）,表达增高,然后逐渐衰减。结果提示：野生型ｐ５３及ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因均可能参与心肌肥大的病理过程,而ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因在心肌肥大过程中可能是一个始动因素。     

p53蛋白多肽片段在大肠杆菌中的表达

在所有研究过的人体肿瘤组织或细胞中,ｐ５３似乎是突变频率最高的一个基因,研究和检测ｐ５３基因及其编码产物的变化将具有重要的意义。我们将野生型ｐ５３基因编码区３’端７０３ｂｐ的ｃＤ－ＮＡ片段插入到大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０中,得到了一个重组体表达质粒ｐＲＲ３３,经热诱导表达,用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法证实ｐ５３蛋白多肽在大肠杆菌中得到了表达,它不仅可用于抗ｐ５３蛋白抗体的制备,而且也可用于对ｐ５３蛋白羧基端多肽功能的研究。     

p53蛋白多肽片段在大肠杆菌中的表达

在所有研究过的人体肿瘤组织或细胞中，ｐ５３似乎是突变频率最高的一个基因，研究和检测ｐ５３基因及其编码产物的变化将具有很需要的意义，我们将野生型ｐ５３基因编码３＇端７０３ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ片段插入到大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０，得到了一个重组体表达质粒ｐＲＲ３３，经热诱导表达，用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法证实ｐ５３蛋白多肽在大肠杆菌中得到了表达，它不仅可用于抗ｐ５３蛋白抗体的制备，而且也可用     

p57与同源框基因HOXA10在子宫内膜基质细胞体外蜕膜化过程中的表达

本文旨在从mRNA和蛋白水平研究子宫内膜基质细胞(endometrial stromalcell,ESC)体外蜕膜化过程中p57和同源框基因HOXA10(homeobox A10 gene)的表达变化以及HOXA10的亚细胞定位,从而推测其在蜕膜化过程中的作用。本实验联合使用0.5mmol/L8-溴-cAMP和1×10?6mol/LMPA(medroxyprogesterone acetate)作用1、2、4d(D1、D2、D4)诱导ESC发生蜕膜化,相应时间点提取mRNA和蛋白质行半定量RT-PCR和免疫印迹,同时以2%低血清培养ESC1、4d作为对照(C1、C4)。用间接免疫荧光和基因转染的方法,观察蜕膜化过程中HOXA10的亚细胞定位。结果显示:(1)蜕膜化过程中HOXA10的表达进行性下降,D2开始与对照组(C4)比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。(2)相反,蜕膜化过程中p57的表达进行性上升,D2开始与对照组C4比较也有显著性差异(P<0.05)。(3)低血清培养ESC1、4d后,p57和HOXA10的表达没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。(4)蜕膜化过程中HOXA10始终定位于胞核,不发生胞浆胞核穿梭。以上观察结果表明:(1)p57的高表达是ESC脱离细胞周期走向分化的因素之一。(2)HOXA10的低表达可能是p57上调的原因之一。(3)孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)途径参与了促进ESC脱离细胞周期而走向分化的过程。     

p53基因及其蛋白的结构和功能研究新进展

ｐ５３蛋白来源于各种种系的动物,它们有共同的特征,划分为３个不同区域,具有５个高度保守的结构域,每一区域有不同的结构特征和功能,从而使ｐ５３发挥诸多的生物学作用     

VEGF和p53蛋白在宫颈癌中的表达

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子VEGF和p53蛋白在宫颈癌及正常宫颈组织中的表达及意义。方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测VEGF和p53蛋白在55例宫颈癌、15对经放化疗前后的宫颈癌组织、18例正常宫颈组织中的表达情况。结果:VEGF和p53蛋白在宫颈癌中强阳性表达、正常宫颈组织中少量表达,两者之间有显著性差异(P<0.05);VEGF和p53的表达与宫颈癌临床分期显著相关(P<0.05),与分化程度显著相关(P<0.05),与放化疗前后相关(P<0.05);VEGF与p53蛋白在宫颈癌组织中阳性表达呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:VEGF和p53蛋白在宫颈癌的演进中,尤其在宫颈癌的浸润和转移方面,很可能起着相互促进的作用。因此,联合检测VEGF和p53蛋白的表达可提高宫颈癌的转移及预测临床诊治的准确性。     

Hyperglycemia-induced apoptotic cell death in the mouse blastocyst is dependent on expression of p53

Murine preimplantation embryos exposed to hyperglycemia experience decreased glucose transport, and overexpression of the proapoptotic protein BAX, leading to increased apoptosis. These changes may account for the increased rates of miscarriages and malformations seen in women with diabetes mellitus. To test whether p53 expression is necessary for hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis, p53+/+, +/-, -/- embryos were obtained by superovulation. Two-cell embryos were cultured to a blastocyst stage in 52 mM D- or L-glucose. Apoptosis was detected using terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. In vivo studies were performed in the same manner using blastocysts recovered from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mothers. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that wildtype embryos had a significantly higher percentage of TUNEL-positive nuclei than p53+/- and -/- embryos. To test whether p53 is upstream of BAX, immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation/ immunoblotting were performed on blastocysts cultured in high vs. control glucose conditions. Blastocysts from p53+/+ mice exhibited increased BAX staining vs. p53+/- and -/- embryos. Next, to determine whether a decrease in glucose transport was upstream or downstream of p53, deoxyglucose transport was measured in individual blastocysts from p53+/+ and +/- diabetic vs. nondiabetic mice. Embryos from diabetic p53+/- mice exhibit a 44% decrease in glucose transport, similar to the 38% decrease seen in embryos from diabetic p53+/+ mice. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that p53 plays a role in hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis, upstream of BAX overexpression and downstream of the decrease in glucose transport experienced by the mouse preimplantation embryo.     

慢性缺氧大鼠肺内(肺血管壁)细胞增殖、凋亡及c-myc、p53基因表达研究

目的和方法：应用免疫组织化学、原位末端标记技术及Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交等方法检测慢性缺氧大鼠肺内特别是肺血管壁细胞增殖、凋亡及相关基因ｃｍｙｃ、ｐ５３表达。结果：正常及慢性缺氧大鼠肺内检出一定比率的增殖、凋亡阳性细胞,两类细胞在肺内呈不均匀散在分布。在缺氧大鼠肺内,增殖阳性细胞绝大部分是肺小血管壁细胞,凋亡性染色细胞在肺小血管壁上较对照组少见。缺氧１、２周组大鼠肺内细胞增殖指数显著增高而凋亡指数显著减少,细胞增殖凋亡比值分别约为对照组３与３５倍。ｃｍｙｃ及ｐ５３是细胞增殖、凋亡密切相关的两种癌（抑癌）基因,前者在缺氧大鼠肺内表达显著增加,而后者（野生型）表达显著减少。结论：可能由于ｃｍｙｃ及ｐ５３基因异常表达所致的细胞增殖、凋亡失衡参与了慢性缺氧性肺血管结构改建的调节。     

P53，Rb和c－myc基因在人脑原发性肿瘤中的转录表达

采用ＲＮＡ斑点杂交分析,对２１测人脑原发性胶质瘤和１１例人脑膜瘤中ｐ５３,Ｒｂ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因转录水平的表达进行研究,发现４８．４％的肿瘤中ｐ５３基因表达减弱,２１．９％的肿瘤中Ｒｂ基因表达减弱;７１．９％的肿瘤中ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达增强,在ｐ５３基因表达减弱的１５例病例中有１３例（８０％）ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达增强,结果表明,ｐ５３基因表达减弱和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达增强与人脑原发性肿瘤的发生有关。     

P53，Rb和c－myc基因在人脑原发性肿瘤中的转录表达

采用RNA斑点杂交分析,对21例人脑原发性胶质瘤和11例人脑膜瘤中p53,Rb和c-myc基因转录水平的表达进行研究.发现48.4%的肿瘤中p53基因表达减弱,21.9%的肿瘤中Rb基因表达减弱;71.9%的肿瘤中c-myc基因表达增强.在p53基因表达减弱的15例病例中有13例(80%)c-myc基因表达增强.结果表明,p53基因表达减弱和c-myc基因表达增强与人脑原发性肿瘤的发生有关.     

BAG-1 inhibits p53-induced but not apoptin-induced apoptosis

BAG-1 has been identified as a Bcl-2-binding protein that inhibits apoptosis, either alone or in co-operation with Bcl-2. Here we show that BAG-1 inhibits p53- induced apoptosis in the human tumour cell line Saos-2. In contrast, BAG-1 was unable to inhibit the p53-independent pathway induced by apoptin, an apoptosis-inducing protein derived from chicken anaemia virus. Whereas BAG-1 seemed to co-operate with Bcl-2 to repress p53-induced apoptosis, co-expression of these proteins had no inhibitory effect on apoptin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, Bcl-2, and to some extent also BAG-1, paradoxically enhanced the apoptotic activity of apoptin. These results demonstrate that p53 and apoptin induce apoptosis through independent pathways, which are differentially regulated by BAG-1 and Bcl-2.     

Trifluorothymidine Induces Cell Death Independently of p53

Trifluorothymidine (TFT), a potent anticancer agent, inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) and is incorporated into the DNA, both events resulting in cell death. Cell death induction related to DNA damage often involves activation of p53. We determined the role of p53 in TFT cytotoxicity and cell death induction, using, respectively, the sulforhodamine B-assay and FACS analysis, in a panel of cell lines with either wild type, inactive, or mutated p53. Neither TFT cytotoxicity nor cell death induction changed with TFT exposure in cell lines with wt, inactive or mutated p53. Conclusion: sensitivity to TFT is not dependent on the expression of wt p53.     

哺乳动物凋亡相关基因p53同源序列在玉米(Zea mays L.)中的检出及其染色体原位杂交定位(英文)

p53基因普遍存在于动物组织中,是一个高度保守的肿瘤抑制基因,对细胞的生长、增殖和分化等多种发育程序进行调控。p53基因也是一个重要的细胞凋亡相关基因,决定着多种动物细胞的凋亡。有报导：用人P53抗体和p53基因的cDNA探针在玉米（ZeamaysL．）中检出了P53的同源蛋白及相应的mRNA,并初步确定其在功能上与动物中的P53蛋白非常相似。本实验首先用人p53基因的cDNA为探针,经SouthernBlotting初步确定其同源序列的存在（Fig．1）,然后进一步用生物素标记的原位杂交（DAB－ISH）和荧光原位杂交（FISH）对这些同源序列进行了染色体定位。DAB－ISH（Plate1）和FISH（Plate2）得到了一致的结果,在5S（第5染色体短臂）次末端、IL（第1染色体长臂）近末端、8L中部、3L中部近着丝粒以及9L近中部均镜检到p53基因探针的杂交信号,信号与着丝粒的百分距离分别为70．0±3．2、89．1±1．3、50．5±1.1、37．0±0．3和66．7±2．0（Tab．1,Fig．2）。利用异源探针是寻找植物凋亡相关基因的一种重要手段,也是目前国外的研究热点之一。本研究首次从DNA水平上证明了p53基因在玉米中的存在。为寻找和研究植物细胞凋亡基因提供了重要线索。     

Molecular dynamics of the full-length p53 monomer

The p53 protein is frequently mutated in a very large proportion of human tumors, where it seems to acquire gain-of-function activity that facilitates tumor onset and progression. A possible mechanism is the ability of mutant p53 proteins to physically interact with other proteins, including members of the same family, namely p63 and p73, inactivating their function. Assuming that this interaction might occurs at the level of the monomer, to investigate the molecular basis for this interaction, here, we sample the structural flexibility of the wild-type p53 monomeric protein. The results show a strong stability up to 850 ns in the DNA binding domain, with major flexibility in the N-terminal transactivations domains (TAD1 and TAD2) as well as in the C-terminal region (tetramerization domain). Several stable hydrogen bonds have been detected between N-terminal or C-terminal and DNA binding domain, and also between N-terminal and C-terminal. Essential dynamics analysis highlights strongly correlated movements involving TAD1 and the proline-rich region in the N-terminal domain, the tetramerization region in the C-terminal domain; Lys120 in the DNA binding region. The herein presented model is a starting point for further investigation of the whole protein tetramer as well as of its mutants.     

HAMLET triggers apoptosis but tumor cell death is independent of caspases, Bcl-2 and p53

HAMLET (Human α-lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumor cells) triggers selective tumor cell death in vitro and limits tumor progression in vivo. Dying cells show features of apoptosis but it is not clear if the apoptotic response explains tumor cell death. This study examined the contribution of apoptosis to cell death in response to HAMLET. Apoptotic changes like caspase activation, phosphatidyl serine externalization, chromatin condensation were detected in HAMLET-treated tumor cells, but caspase inhibition or Bcl-2 over-expression did not prolong cell survival and the caspase response was Bcl-2 independent. HAMLET translocates to the nuclei and binds directly to chromatin, but the death response was unrelated to the p53 status of the tumor cells. p53 deletions or gain of function mutations did not influence the HAMLET sensitivity of tumor cells. Chromatin condensation was partly caspase dependent, but apoptosis-like marginalization of chromatin was also observed. The results show that tumor cell death in response to HAMLET is independent of caspases, p53 and Bcl-2 even though HAMLET activates an apoptotic response. The use of other cell death pathways allows HAMLET to successfully circumvent fundamental anti-apoptotic strategies that are present in many tumor cells.