重组人EPO真核表达质粒在大鼠骨骼肌中的表达及其对贫血的治疗作用

目的和方法构建ＥＰＯ真核细胞表达载体（ｐｃＤ２ＥＰＯ）,用缝线法和注射法将其直接导入肾性贫血大鼠股四头肌,观察ＥＰＯ在骨骼肌细胞中的表达及其对贫血的治疗作用。结果：ｐｃＤ２ＥＰＯ导入股四头肌２周后,骨骼肌细胞内出现ＥＰＯｍＲＮＡ,提示被导入的ＥＰＯ基因在肌细胞内得到表达。贫血动物被治疗１周后,缝线组和注射组动物的ＨＧＢ和ＲＢＣ均显著升高;在第３周,缝线组的ＨＧＢ和ＲＢＣ接近健康大鼠的水平;至第４周,两个治疗组的ＨＧＢ和ＲＢＣ仍显著高于对照组。结论：经缝线法导入的ｐｃＤ２ＥＰＯ在骨骼肌中的表达效率及对贫血的治疗效果明显高于直接注射法,而两种治疗方法对改善肾性贫血动物肾脏清除ＢＵＮ的功能无明显差异     

TRANSPORT OF NORADRENALINE IN SYMPATHETIC NERVES AND THE EFFECT OF NERVE IMPULSES ON ITS CONTRIBUTION TO TRANSMITTER STORES

Abstract— —A study has been made of the contribution of noradrenaline transport along sympathetic nerves to their terminal stores of transmitter by ligating the splenic nerves of the cat, and measuring both the noradrenaline that accumulates above the constriction, and the noradrenaline content of the spleen. The biochemical estimations were supplemented by fluorescence histochemistry. The effect of abolishing efferent impulses in the splenic nerves was examined by cutting their preganglionic nerve supply.
The proximo-distal flow rate for noradrenaline was calculated as 1.4-3.3 mm/hr assuming that all the noradrenaline that accumulates is derived from the cell bodies in the ganglion without net addition or loss in the axons. The process was not dependent on impulse traffic in the nerves, since decentralization did not significantly effect the accumulation. The amount of noradrenaline arrested by the constriction in 24 hr was only 1 per cent of the stores in the terminals of those nerves, and consequently no change was detected in the spleen's noradrenaline content as a result of constricting its nerve supply.
In the presence of an intact reflex pathway to the spleen, the stress of the operative procedure produced a marked constriction of the spleen, and depletion of its noradrenaline content. These changes could be prevented either by section of the preganglionic splanchnic nerves, or by ligation of the splenic nerves, thereby blocking the conduction of efferent nerve impulses.
The evidence favours a proximo-distal flow of noradrenaline in sympathetic nerves, independent of nerve impulses, which makes, however, a negligible quantitative contribution to the terminal stores of transmitter.     

早熟河蟹的养殖生态学及其渔业价值评价

把池塘育成的早熟河蟹（即一秋龄性腺成熟中华绒螯蟹）放养于湖汊,其群体越冬成活率为11％。在第二年养殖期间,早熟河蟹不脱壳,体重维持在原来的水平,对鱼肉的日摄食率最高为1．2％,个体不断死亡,至7月中旬,群体全部死完。从当年11月下旬到第二年7月上旬,早熟河蟹成活率曲线公式为：Y=1．09exp（－0018t）［Y：成活率（％）,t：时间（d）］。本文还通过对围栏湖汊和扁担塘早熟河蟹逐月跟踪采样、对同龄的末成熟与成熟河蟹的行为及离水成活时间进行对比观察。作者认为,草型湖泊中早熟河蟹没有养殖价值,但若在第二年四月份以前将早熟河蟹全部起捕,当商品蟹出售,仍有一定的渔业效益．     

中国鲎变形细胞活体观察、活体染色及其对细菌感染反应的研究

目前,国外应用鲎变形细胞提取物(或称溶解物,简称鲎试剂)于医药、卫生和食品等行业检测内毒素和致热原(Jorgensen 1973;Weary,1980),具有灵敏度高,快速和操作简便等优点。近年来,国内某些单位已开始研制应用。     

SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF SENSORY EVALUATION AND ITS POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS TO THE VARIOUS DISCIPLINES OF HOME ECONOMICS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Sensory evaluation is a scientific method that deals with precision, accuracy and sensitivity. Its basic principles are in large part anchored on the natural sciences, such as biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics. However, sensory evaluation goes beyond such platforms and has its own social, economic and cultural facets. Sensory evaluation has been extensively used in the study of consumer items such as food and clothing, and lately on behavioral and physiological reactions. It has been an integral part of the food science curriculum in various universities. However, the other disciplines of home economics, such as clothing technology, family life and child development, home economics education, hotel, restaurant and institution management, interior design and community nutrition, which deal with the needs of families and consumers, have not fully maximized the use of sensory evaluation. The multidisciplinary nature of home economics will push sensory evaluation to a more diverse level of relevance and purpose. This paper presented the social, economic and cultural dimensions of sensory evaluation along with its possible applications in the various disciplines of home economics in the Philippines.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The paper provided a wholistic view of sensory evaluation not merely as a scientific method but its important social, cultural and economic dimensions. This document can serve as a guide for students, teachers and professionals in the conduct of sensory assessments. Likewise, this will help home economists not only in the Philippines but also in other countries to maximize the use of sensory evaluation in improving the quality of life of families and consumers. Moreover, this can drive multidisciplinary undertakings utilizing sensory evaluation as the key concept and thus enrich the pool of knowledge both in the natural and social sciences and their interaction.     

新疆十种萤叶甲亚科(鞘翅目,叶甲科)昆虫的分子系统发育关系及在生活型进化上的应用

用线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)和12S rRNA基因的部分序列,通过最大简约法(MP)、最大似然法(ML)和贝叶斯推论法(BI),分析了新疆不同生境的10种萤叶甲亚科昆虫的系统发育关系.研究表明:1)结果在一定程度上支持形态分类系统划分的族级和属级阶元,其中萤叶甲属Galeruca、粗角萤叶甲属Diorhabda和小萤叶甲属Galerucella的各个种类均以高支持度分别形成单系群;2)萤叶甲族Galerucini中的粗角萤叶甲属Diorhabda和萤叶甲属Galeruca的亲缘关系较近,其中D.persia的位置在MP法、ML法与形态分类保持一致但节点支持率较低,在BI法中出现与Galeruca属和Diorhabda属一起构成3分枝节点并获得高度支持,说明D.persica的系统发生地位介于这2个属之间,但更接近于Diorhabda属;3)曾被置于同一属中的小萤叶甲属Galerucella属和毛萤叶甲属Pyrrhalta在3种方法中均显示出较近的亲缘关系,但较低的支持度说明二者应作为独立的属存在;4)物种演化与物种随环境和气候变化密切相关,3种分析结果中,旱生型萤叶甲始终处于系统发育树的顶端,表明起源较晚,而中生型萤叶甲则处于系统发育树的基部,表明起源较早,整个显示出从中生型到旱生型生活型进化的一些历程.