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1.
The present work was carried out with the aim of studying the effect of salinity stress on growth and IAA oxidizing system
(i.e. peroxidase and IAA oxidase) in vigna (Vigna unguiculata L.) seedlings. The seedlings were treated with two concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.1 M and 0.25 M. Length, fresh
and dry weight were the parameters considered for growth. Salinity effect was distinct in fresh weight and dry weight of different
organs. Peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities were measured at different time intervals for both cytoplasmic and wall bound
fractions. Peroxidase activity was maximum at higher stress conditions bringing about the hypocotyl growth restriction. Thus
there was a clear inverse correlation between elongation and peroxidase activity. IAA oxidase activity also showed a similar
trend for both cytoplasmic and wall bound fractions. The role of IAA oxidizing system in defense mechanism in response to
salinity stress is discussed. 相似文献
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V. MITTOVA F. L. THEODOULOU G. KIDDLE M. VOLOKITA M. TAL C. H. FOYER & M. GUY 《Plant, cell & environment》2004,27(2):237-250
Mitochondria require robust antioxidant defences to prevent lipid peroxidation and to protect tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes from oxidative damage. Mitochondria from wild, salt‐tolerant tomato, Lycopersicon pennellii (Lpa) did not exhibit lipid peroxidation in response to high salinity (100 mm NaCl), whereas those isolated from cultivated tomato, L. esculentum (Lem), accumulated malondialdehyde. The activity, intraorganellar distribution and salt response of mitochondrial ascorbate peroxidase (mAPX) differed dramatically in the two species. In Lem mitochondria, the majority (84%) of mAPX was associated with membranes, being located either on the inner membrane, facing the intermembrane space, or on the outer membrane. Total mAPX activity did not increase substantially in response to salt, although the proportion of matrix APX increased. In contrast, 61% of Lpa mAPX activity was soluble in the matrix, the remainder being bound to the matrix face of the inner membrane. Salt treatment increased the activity of all mAPX isoforms in Lpa, without altering their intramitochondrial distribution. The membrane‐bound isoforms were detected in mitochondria of both species by western blotting and found to be induced by salt in Lpa. These observations suggest that matrix‐associated APX isoforms could act in concert with other mitochondrial antioxidants to protect against salt‐induced oxidative stress. 相似文献
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Brain antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels were studied in the brains of early diabetic (72 hr) and long term diabetic (one month) rats. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) in citrate buffer. One group of diabetic rats was treated with insulin (1U/day/animal). The results indicate that early diabetic rats exhibit increased SOD and CAT activities with no alteration in the GPX activity. On the contrary, increased CAT decreased GPX activities with no alteration in the SOD activity, was noted in the long-term Diabetic rats. Insulin treatment reversed these alterations in both the groups. It can be concluded that, in diabetic condition antioxidant enzyme levels are elevated and insulin treatment attenuated these changes. Hence, diabetes mellitus, if left untreated, may initiate degenerative processes and other CNS complications due to accumulation of oxidative free radicals. 相似文献
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Abstract The effects of growth media on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and peroxidase were compared in cell-free extracts from four strains of Neisseria meningitidis . The highly virulent strains, DRES-14 and M-1011, were consistently higher in SOD and catalase than the less virulent strains, DRES-03 and DRES-04. Cells grown in brain-heart infusion medium contained the highest levels of catalase. N. meningitidis contained one electrophoretic SOD band which was identified as iron-containing SOD (FeSOD). It was also shown that the presence of catalase could yield an artifactual SOD-band when the SOD activity stain is performed in the presence of 10 mM H2 O2 , normally required to inactivate and identify FeSODs. 相似文献
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The effects of water deficit on relative water content (RWC), on the activity superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX)
from leaves of two drought-resistant barley strains (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties (TOKAK-157/37 and 56000/MISC-233) and one sensitive (ERGINEL-90) were studied.
In 21 day old seedlings, drought stress was initiated by withholding water and lasted for 12 days. Activity of SOD increased
by the effect of drought treatments in the leaves of drought-resistant varieties TOKAK-157/37 and 56000/MISC-233 as compared
to sensitive variety ERGINEL-90. The drought treatment resulted in a 418 % and 59 % increase in SOD activity in resistant
varieties at the end of the 12th day of experimental period. However, an increase in activity of SOD was not accompanied by an increase in activity of POX
in drought-resistant TOKAK-157/37 and 56000/MISC-233 except on the 6th day of drought treatment in 56000/MISC-233. In drought-sensitive variety, ERGINEL-90, POX activity did not change throughout
drought period. 相似文献
7.
Roots and leaves display contrasting oxidative response during salt stress and recovery in cowpea 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cavalcanti FR Lima JP Ferreira-Silva SL Viégas RA Silveira JA 《Journal of plant physiology》2007,164(5):591-600
In this study, we compare some antioxidative responses of leaves and roots associated to growth reduction in cowpea plants (Vigna unguiculata) during short-term salt stress and recovery. The salt treatment was imposed (200 mM NaCl) for six consecutive days and the salt withdrawal after 3 d. The salt treatment caused an almost complete cessation in the relative growth rate of both leaves and roots. Although NaCl withdrawal has induced an intense reduction in the Na(+) content from the leaves and roots, the growth recovery was slight, after 3 d. The leaf lipid peroxidation was increased in salt-stressed plants and slightly reduced in recovered plants after 3 d. Surprisingly, in the salt-stressed roots it decreased markedly after 3 d treatment and in the pre-stressed/recovered roots it was restored to levels near to the control. In leaves, catalase (CAT) activity showed a rapid and prominent decrease after 1 d of NaCl treatment and salt withdrawal had no effect on its recovery. In contrast, the root CAT activity was not changed by effects of both NaCl and salt withdrawal, over time interval. Leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity did not change in all treatments, whereas in roots it significantly decreased after 3 d of salt treatment and recovered after NaCl withdrawal. Contrasting to the other enzymes, the guaiacol-peroxidase activity increased in leaves and roots, reaching almost 200% of control values and it significantly decreased in both organs from the pre-stressed/recovered plants. In conclusion, cowpea roots and leaves present distinct mechanisms of response to lipid peroxidation and CAT and SOD activities during salt stress and recovery. However, these responses and/or the oxidative damages caused by reactive oxygen species were not related with the growth reduction. 相似文献
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The effect of dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase) of the lymphoid organs (mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen and thymus) was investigated. For comparison with non-immune tissues, skeletal muscles (soleus and gastrocnemius (GC) were also studied. As an indication of the occurrence of lipid peroxidation, the content of thiobarbituric acid reactant substances (TBARs) was also determined. Dexamethasone treatment decreased the TBARs content of the lymphoid organs and raised it in the GC and soleus muscles. The activity of Cu/Zn-SOD was reduced in all tissues. However, the activity of Mn-SOD was decreased in the MLN and soleus muscle only. The activity of catalase was reduced in the MLN and thymus and raised in the spleen and GC and soleus muscles. The imposed treatment raised the activity of GPX in the MLN, thymus and spleen and reduced it in GC and soleus muscles. These data led us to postulate that the mechanism for the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoids as antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive agents might include modification of antioxidant enzyme activities. 相似文献
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I. Mavelli M.R. Ciriolo G. Rotilio P. De Sole M. Castorino A. Stabile 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1982,106(2):286-290
Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were assayed in the erythrocytes of three patients of Fanconi's anemia. Superoxide dismutase was found to be significantly decreased, as previously reported. The enzymes metabolizing H2O2 are normal (glutathione peroxidase in the higher limits of the normal value). The abnormal erythrocytes were found to be as resistant (perhaps more resistant) as normal red blood cells to oxidative hemolysis induced by drugs. Malonyl dialdehyde production was found to be comparable to that of normal erythrocytes. It is concluded that a significant (30–40%) deficiency of superoxide dismutase, when associated to normal values of H2O2-removing enzymes, does not affect the antioxidative defense capability of erythrocytes, even in conditions of augmented oxidative injury. 相似文献
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Contour-Ansel D Torres-Franklin ML Cruz DE Carvalho MH D'Arcy-Lameta A Zuily-Fodil Y 《Annals of botany》2006,98(6):1279-1287
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Géssica Luana Antunes Josiane Silva Silveira Daniela Benvenutti Kaiber Carolina Luft Mariana Severo da Costa Eduardo Peil Marques Fernanda Silva Ferreira Ricardo Vaz Breda Angela T. S. Wyse Renato Tetelbom Stein Paulo Márcio Pitrez Aline Andrea da Cunha 《Journal of cellular physiology》2020,235(2):1838-1849
Asthma is characterized by the influx of inflammatory cells, especially of eosinophils as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, driven by the release of the T helper 2 (Th2)-cell-associated cytokines. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) inhibit cytokines production and controls inflammation. Thus, we investigated the effects of pharmacological activation of CAP by neostigmine on oxidative stress and airway inflammation in an allergic asthma model. After the OVA challenge, mice were treated with neostigmine. We showed that CAP activation by neostigmine reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-1β, and TNF-α), which resulted in a decrease of eosinophils influx. Furthermore, neostigmine also conferred airway protection against oxidative stress, attenuating ROS production through the increase of antioxidant defense, evidenced by the catalase (CAT) activity. We propose, for the first time, that pharmacological activation of the CAP can lead to new possibilities in the therapeutic management of allergic asthma. 相似文献
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Tang L Kwon SY Kim SH Kim JS Choi JS Cho KY Sung CK Kwak SS Lee HS 《Plant cell reports》2006,25(12):1380-1386
Oxidative stress is a major damaging factor for plants exposed to environmental stresses. In order to develop transgenic potato plants with enhanced tolerance to environmental stress, the genes of both Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were expressed in chloroplasts under the control of an oxidative stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter (referred to as SSA plants). SSA plants showed enhanced tolerance to 250 μM methyl viologen, and visible damage in SSA plants was one-fourth that of non-transgenic (NT) plants that were almost destroyed. In addition, when SSA plants were treated with a high temperature of 42°C for 20 h, the photosynthetic activity of SSA plants decreased by only 6%, whereas that of NT plants decreased by 29%. These results suggest that the manipulation of the antioxidative mechanism of the chloroplasts may be applied in the development of industrial transgenic crop plants with increased tolerance to multiple environmental stresses.Communicated by I. S. Chung 相似文献
16.
Marcel Leist Stefanie Maurer Manfred Schultz Angelika Elsner Dieter Gawlik Regina Brigelius-Flohé 《Biological trace element research》1999,68(2):159-174
Cells cultivated under standard conditions were highly deficient in tocopherol, selenium, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)
activities. We investigated whether and to what extent the addition of different selenocompounds to growth media would alter
biochemical, physiological, and pathophysiological parameters of cultured liver cells. Cellular uptake of selenium, GPx activities,
and cytoprotection were measured and compared in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). Selenite and selenocystine were Se donors of
high bioavailability (i.e., with these culture supplements, the increased Se uptake, induction of GPx isoenzymes, and protection
of treated cells from lipid hydroperoxides were well correlated). In contrast, selenium from selenomethionine was incorporated
into cellular proteins but had no effect on GPx activities or cytoprotection. The data show that not all selenium donors provide
selenium, which is bioactivated to act as antioxidant. Thus, cellular selenium content, in general, did not correlate with
cytoprotective activity of this trace element. However, cellular GPx activities at different times, with different concentrations,
and with different Se donors always correlated with protection from lipid hydroperoxides and may, thus, represent a more reliable
parameter to define adequate Se supply. 相似文献
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《Free radical research》2013,47(8):990-1003
AbstractErythrocytes are continuously exposed to risk of oxidative injury due to oxidant oxygen species. To prevent damage, they have antioxidant agents namely, catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2). Our aim was to contribute to a better understanding of the interplay between Prx2, Cat, and GPx under H2O2-induced oxidative stress, by studying their changes in the red blood cell cytosol and membrane, in different conditions. These three enzymes were quantified by immunoblotting. Malondialdehyde, that is, lipoperoxidation (LPO) in the erythrocyte membrane, and membrane-bound hemoglobin (MBH) were evaluated, as markers of oxidative stress. We also studied the erythrocyte membrane protein profile, to estimate how oxidative stress affects the membrane protein structure. We showed that under increasing H2O2 concentrations, inhibition of the three enzymes with or without metHb formation lead to the binding of Prx2 and GPx (but not Cat) to the erythrocyte membrane. Prx2 was detected mainly in its oxidized form and the linkage of metHb to the membrane seems to compete with the binding of Prx2. Catalase played a major role in protecting erythrocytes from high exogenous flux of H2O2, since whenever Cat was active there were no significant changes in any of the studied parameters. When only Cat was inhibited, Prx2 and GPx were unable to prevent H2O2-induced oxidative stress resulting in increasing MBH and membrane LPO. Additionally, the inhibition of one or more of these enzymes induced changes in the anchor/linker proteins of the junctional complexes of the membrane cytoskeleton–lipid bilayer, which might lead to membrane destabilization. 相似文献
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Seedlings of Vigna catjang Endl. were subjected to water stress for 6, S and 10 days by withholding water to investigate the activities of some oxidative enzymes and the pattern of senescence in leaves of 17-day-old seedlings undergoing water stress. Increasing duration of stress produced a proportional increase in the activities of IAA-oxidase, AA-oxidase, peroxidase and glycolate oxidase but decreased catalase activity and the contents of both chlorophyll and protein, hastening senescence. Leaf water potential and relative water content were also lowered with incresing duration of stress. Permeability was increased in leaf tissue undergoing water stress for 8 days. Seed treatment with CaCl2 (10−2 and 10−14 M ) for 6 h improved the water status of leaves, decreased tissue permeability, activities of oxidative enzymes, decline of chlorophyll and protein contents and delayed senescence compared to untreated water stressed plants. 相似文献
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S. Y.Kwon Y. J.Jeong H. S.Lee J. S.Kim K. Y.Cho R. D.Allen & S. S.Kwak 《Plant, cell & environment》2002,25(7):873-882
In order to better understand the role of antioxidant enzymes in plant stress protection mechanisms, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) plants were developed that overexpress both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in chloroplasts. These plants were evaluated for protection against methyl viologen (MV, paraquat)‐mediated oxidative damage both in leaf discs and whole plants. Transgenic plants that express either chloroplast‐targeted CuZnSOD (C) or MnSOD (M) and APX (A) were developed (referred to as CA plants and AM plants, respectively). These plant lines were crossed to produce plants that express all three transgenes (CMA plants and AMC plants). These plants had higher total APX and SOD activities than non‐transgenic (NT) plants and exhibit novel APX and SOD isoenzymes not detected in NT plants. As expected, transgenic plants that expressed single SODs showed levels of protection from MV that were only slightly improved compared to NT plants. The expression of either SOD isoform along with APX led to increased protection while expression of both SODs and APX provided the highest levels of protection against membrane damage in leaf discs and visual symptoms in whole plants. 相似文献