Consciousness related neural events viewed as brain state space transitions

This theoretical and speculative essay addresses a categorical distinction between neural events of sensory-motor cognition and those presumably associated with consciousness. It proposes to view this distinction in the framework of the branch of Statistical Physics currently referred to as Modern Critical Theory (Stanley, Introduction to phase transitions and critical phenomena, 1987; Marro and Dickman, Nonequilibrium phase transitions in lattice, 1999). Based on established landmarks of brain dynamics, network configurations and their role for conveying oscillatory activity of certain frequencies bands, the question is examined: what kind of state space transitions can systems with these properties undergo, and could the relation between neural processes of sensory-motor cognition and those of events in consciousness be of the same category as is characterized by state transitions in non-equilibrium physical systems? Approaches for empirical validation of this view by suitably designed brain imaging studies, and for computational simulations of the proposed principle are discussed.     

Conditional transitions in gaze dynamics: role of vestibular nuclei in eye-only and eye/head gaze behaviors

 The gaze control system governs distinct gaze behaviors, including visual fixation and gaze reorientations. Transitions between these gaze behaviors are frequent and smooth in healthy individuals. This study models these gaze-behavior transitions for different numbers of gaze degrees of freedom. Eye/head gaze behaviors have twice the number of degrees of freedom as eye-only gaze behaviors. Each gaze behavior is observable in the system dynamics and is correlated with neuronal behaviors in several, coordinated neural centers, including the vestibular nuclei. The coordination among the neural centers establishes a sensorimotor state which maintains each gaze behavior. This study develops a mathematical framework for synthesizing the coordination among neural centers in gaze sensorimotor states and focuses on the role of vestibular nuclei neurons in gaze sensorimotor state transitions. Received: 17 December 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 3 May 2001     

Evolutionary dynamics of finite populations in games with polymorphic fitness equilibria

The hawk-dove (HD) game, as defined by Maynard Smith [1982. Evolution and the Theory of Games. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge], allows for a polymorphic fitness equilibrium (PFE) to exist between its two pure strategies; this polymorphism is the attractor of the standard replicator dynamics [Taylor, P.D., Jonker, L., 1978. Evolutionarily stable strategies and game dynamics. Math. Biosci. 40, 145-156; Hofbauer, J., Sigmund, K., 1998. Evolutionary Games and Population Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge] operating on an infinite population of pure-strategists. Here, we consider stochastic replicator dynamics, operating on a finite population of pure-strategists playing games similar to HD; in particular, we examine the transient behavior of the system, before it enters an absorbing state due to sampling error. Though stochastic replication prevents the population from fixing onto the PFE, selection always favors the under-represented strategy. Thus, we may naively expect that the mean population state (of the pre-absorption transient) will correspond to the PFE. The empirical results of Fogel et al. [1997. On the instability of evolutionary stable states. BioSystems 44, 135-152] show that the mean population state, in fact, deviates from the PFE with statistical significance. We provide theoretical results that explain their observations. We show that such deviation away from the PFE occurs when the selection pressures that surround the fitness-equilibrium point are asymmetric. Further, we analyze a Markov model to prove that a finite population will generate a distribution over population states that equilibrates selection-pressure asymmetry; the mean of this distribution is generally not the fitness-equilibrium state.     

Critical Comparisons in Politics and Culture

Critical Comparisons in Politics and Culture. John Bowen and Roger Petersen. eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 266 pp.     

Book reviews

Walter A. Jackson, GUNNAR MYRDAL AND AMERICA'S CONSCIENCE: SOCIAL ENGINEERING AND RACIAL LIBERALISM, 1938–1987, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1990, xxi + 447pp., $38.45.

Sissela Bok, ALVA MYRDAL: A DAUGHTER'S MEMOIR, Reading, MA: Addison‐Wesley Publishing Co., 1991, xvi + 375pp., $22.00 and $12.95 (paper).

David W. Southern, GUNNAR MYRDAL AND BLACK WHITE RELATIONS: THE USE AND ABUSE OF AN AMERICAN DILEMMA 1944–1969, Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1987, xviii + 338pp., $37.50.

Elazar Barkan, THE RETREAT FROM SCIENTIFIC RACISM: CHANGING CONCEPTS OF RACE IN BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN THE WORLD WARS, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, xxii + 508pp., £37.50.

Dorothy Ross, THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, xxii + 508pp., £35.00 and £16.95 (paper).     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Rundel, P.W., Smith, A.P. & Meinzer, F.C. (eds.) 1994. Tropical Alpine Environments. Plant form and function. xi + 376 pp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0–521–42089-X. Price: GBP 65.-.     

Essay review: History of agriculture and the study of heredity — a new horizon

Nicholas Russell, Like Engend'ring Like: Heredity and Animal Breeding in Early Modern England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986); Deborah Fitzgerald, The Business of Breeding: Hybrid Corn in Illinois, 1890–1940 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1989); Jack R. Kloppenburg, First the Seed: The Political Economy of Plant Biotechnology, 1492–2000 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988).     

Cultural diversity and schooling

Ashley H. Robins, BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN PIGMENTATION, (Cambridge Studies in Biological Anthropology, 7), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, xiii + 253 pp., £37.50.

Ulfried Geuter, THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NAZI GERMANY. Cambridge Studies in the History of Psychology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, v‐xxi + 335 pp., npl.

Clare Midgley, WOMEN AGAINST SLAVERY. THE BRITISH CAMPAIGNS, 1780–1870, London: Routledge, 1992, xii + 281 pp., £37.50.

Maryinez Lyons, THE COLONIAL DISEASE: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF SLEEPING SICKNESS IN NORTHERN ZAIRE, 1900–1940, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, xvi + 335 pp., £50.00.

Wim van Binsbergen, TEARS OF RAIN: ETHNICITY AND HISTORY IN CENTRAL WESTERN ZAMBIA, London and New York: Kegan Paul International, 1992, 495 pp., £45.00.

Albert B. Robillard (ed.) SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS, London: Kegan Paul International, 1992, xvi + 507 pp., £45.

Sarah Radcliffe and Sallie Westwood (eds) ‘VIVA’: WOMEN AND POPULAR PROTEST IN LATIN AMERICA, London: Routledge, 1993, 270 pp., £12.99 pb; £40.00 hb.

Cindi Katz and Janice Monk (eds) FULL CIRCLES: GEOGRAPHIES OF WOMEN OVER THE LIFECOURSE, London: Routledge, 1993, 317 pp., £12.99 pb; £40 hb.

Hans van Amersfoort and Hans Knippenberg (eds), STATES AND NATIONS. THE REBIRTH OF THE ‘NATIONALITIES QUESTION’ IN EUROPE, Netherlands Geographical Studies 137, Amsterdam: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1991, 189 pp., Dfl. 29.50.

Elizabeth D. Huttman, Wim Blauw and Juliet Saltman (eds), URBAN HOUSING SEGREGATION OF MINORITIES IN WESTERN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991, xiii + 431 pp., npl.

Roger Daniels, Sandra C. Taylor, and Harry H. L. Kitano (eds) JAPANESE AMERICANS: FROM RELOCATION TO REDRESS, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1992, 264 pp., $17.95 US (paper only).

David J. O'Brien and Stephen S. Fugita, THE JAPANESE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1991, 178 pp., £8.99 (paper).

Paul James Rutledge, THE VIETNAMESE EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1992, 173 pp., npl.     

Black leadership in the United States: Douglass,Garvey and King compared

Eric J. Sundquist (ed.), FREDERICK DOUGLASS: NEW LITERARY AND HISTORICAL ESSAYS, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 295 pp., £30.00.

Judith Stein THE WORLD OF MARCUS GARVEY: RACE AND CLASS IN MODERN SOCIETY, Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1986, 294 pp., £27.50.

Clayborne Carson, Ralph E. Luker, Penny A. Russell, (eds), THE PAPERS OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., VOLUME I: CALLED TO SERVE, JANUARY 1929‐JUNE 1951, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992, 484 pp., $35.00.     

Short reviews

Milton M. Gordon, HUMAN NATURE, CLASS AND ETHNICITY. London and New York, Oxford University Press, 1978, 302 pp., £6.50, $11.95 ($3.50 paper).

June Teufel Dreyer, CHINA'S FORTY MILLIONS: MINORITY NATIONALITIES AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. Cambridge (Mass.) and London, Harvard University Press, 1976, 333 pp., £9.55.

W. Stanford Reid (ed), THE SCOTTISH TRADITION IN CANADA. Toronto, McClelland & Stewart, 1976, xi + 324 pp., $12.55.

I. H. Kawharu, MAORI LAND TENURE: STUDIES OF A CHANGING INSTITUTION. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1977, 362 pp., £13.50.

David T. Wellman, PORTRAITS OF WHITE RACISM. London, Cambridge University Press, 1977, 254 pp., £9.50 (£4.00 paper).

Lucy Mair, AFRICAN KINGDOMS. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1977, 151 pp., £3.95, (£1.95 paper).

Roger Scott, NORTHERN IRELAND: THE POLITICS OF VIOLENCE. Canberra Series in Administrative Studies 2., Canberra College of Advanced Education, 1977, 84 pp., n.p.

James A. Geschwender, CLASS, RACE AND WORKER INSURGENCY: THE LEAGUE OF BLACK REVOLUTIONARY WORKERS. London, Cambridge University Press, 1977, 249 pp., £8.50 (£3.50 paper).

Crawford Young, THE POLITICS OF CULTURAL PLURALISM. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1976. 560 pp., £13.60.

D. C. R. A. Goonetilleke, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN BRITISH FICTION. London, Macmillan, 1977, 282 pp., £8.95.

M. M. Mahood, THE COLONIAL ENCOUNTER. London, Rex Collings, 1977, 210 pp., £4.75.

Brian V. Street, THE SAVAGE IN LITERATURE. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975, 207 pp., £5.75.     

Review article: The peculiar institution: Patterson and Foner on slavery and abolition

Orlando Patterson, SLAVERY AND SOCIAL DEATH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1983, 511 pp., £24.

Eric Foner, NOTHING BUT FREEDOM: EMANCIPATION AND ITS LEGACY, Baton Rouge and London, Louisiana State University Press, 1983, 142 pp., $14.95.     

Everything you wanted to know about cercopithecoids and then some

Review of Old World Monkeys edited by Paul F. Whitehead and Clifford J. Jolly. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000, xii + 528 p, 79 fig., 40 tab., $115.00.     

Book reviews

Andrew Hacker, TWO NATIONS: BLACK AND WHITE, SEPARATE, HOSTILE, UNEQUAL, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992, vii + 257 pp., $24.95.

Catherine Silk and John Silk, RACISM AND ANTI‐RACISM IN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990, x + 186 pp., £27.50.

Therese Daniels and Jane Gerson (eds), THE COLOUR BLACK, BLACK IMAGES IN BRITISH TELEVISION, London: BFI Publishing, 1989, 160 pp., £4.95 (paper).

Jim Pines and Paul Willemen (eds), QUESTIONS OF THIRD CINEMA, London: BFI Publishing, 1989, x + 246 pp., £7.95 (paper).

David R. Roediger, THE WAGES OF WHITENESS: RACE AND THE MAKING OF THE AMERICAN WORKING CLASS, London: Verso, 1991, 191 pp., £12.95 (paper).

William Cohen, AT FREEDOM'S EDGE: BLACK MOBILITY AND THE SOUTHERN WHITE QUEST FOR RACIAL CONTROL, 1861–1915, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991, 340 pp., $42.50.

Robert L. Cooper, LANGUAGE PLANNING AND SOCIAL CHANGE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 216 pp., £27.50, £9.95 (paper).

Emmanual Sivan and Menachem Friedman (eds), RELIGIOUS RADICALISM AND POLITICS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990, 244 pp., n.p.

Eliezer Ben‐Rafael and Stephen Sharot, ETHNICITY, RELIGION, AND CLASS IN ISRAELI SOCIETY, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, 287 pp., £32.50.     

Complex societies and anthropology: A perspective from 1979*

The Transition to Statehood in the New World, edited by G. D. Jones and R. R. Kautz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. ix + 254 pp.

The Inca and Aztec States 1400–1800: Anthropology and History, edited by G. A. Collier, R. I. Rosaldo and J. D. Wirth. New York: Academic Press, 1982. xx + 475 pp.

Native Lords of Quito in the Age of the Incas: The Political Economy of North Andean Chiefdoms. Frank Salomon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. xviii + 274 pp.

The Origins and Development of the Andean State, edited by J. Haas, S. Pozorski and T. Pozorski. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. vi+ 188 pp.

Peruvian Prehistory; An Overview of pre‐lnca and Inca Society, edited by R. W. Keatinge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xvii + 364 pp.     

Darstellung einer Kindertrage aus dem Nepeña‐Tal (Peru)

People as Subject. People as Object: Selfhood and Peoplehood in Contemporary Israel. Virginia Dominguez. New Directions in Anthropological Writing. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989. 238 pp.

Literacy and Society, edited by Karen Schous‐boe and Mogens Trolle Larsen. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 1989. 247 pp., ill.

Music of Afghanistan. Professional Musicians in the City of Herat. John Baily. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xiv + 183 pp. Accompanying cassette.

The Hidden Musicians. Music‐making in an English Town. Ruth Finnegan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. xvii + 378 pp.

Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society 1700–1900. Susan Bayly. South Asian Studies No 43. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 463 pp.

Mru. Bergbewohner im Grenzgebiet von Bangladesh. Claus‐Dieter von Brauns und Lorenz G. Löffler. Basel, Boston &; Stuttgart: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1986. 248 Seiten mit Farbtafeln, Schwarz‐Weiß‐Fotos, mehreren Karten, Bibliographie und Glossaren.

Mm. Hill People on the Border of Bangladesh (translated from German by Doris Wagner‐Glenn), 1990. 248 pp. ISBN 0–8176. 1816–3 (U. S.)

Unwrapping Japan—Society and Culture in Anthropological Perspective, edited by Eyal Ben‐Ari, Brian Moeran and Jamks Valentine. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990. 237 pp.

Developments in Polynesian Ethnology, edited by Alan Howard and Robert Borofsky. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989.

Tungaru Traditions. Arthur Francis Grimble, edited by H.E. Maude, Pacific Islands Monograph Series, 7. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989.

Scottish Crofters: A historical Ethnography of a Celtic Village. Susan Parman. Fort Worth: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1990. 169 pp., index.

Africa's Ogun: Old World and New, edited by Sandra T. Barnes. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989. x + 274 pp.

Spirits from the Margin. Umbanda in Sao Paulo: A Study in Popular Religion and Social Experience. Fernando Giobellina Brumana and Elda Gonzales Martinez. Uppsala: Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology 12, 1989. 308 pp.

Die Achuara‐Jivaro: Wirtschaftliche und soziale Organisationsformen am peruanischen Amazonas. Richard Gippelhauser and Elke Mader. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Veröffentlichungen der Ethnologischen Kommission, Bd. 5, Sitzungsberichte 550. Bd., 1990. 123 pp.

Sayings of the Ancestors: The Spiritual Life of the Sibundoy Indians. John Holmes McDowell. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1989. 206 pp.

The Orders of the Dreamed: George Nelson on Cree and Northern Ojibwa Religion and Myth, 1823. Jennifer S.H. Brown and Robert Brightman. Manitoba Studies in Native History, III. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1988. 266 pages. Index, 3 photos (1 color plate), 5 reproduced pictographs and figures, 2 maps.

Blood Ties, Life and Violence in Rural Mexico. James Greenberg. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1989.

Conversations in Colombia: The Domestic Economy in Life and Text. Stephen Gudeman and Alberto Rivera. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 207 pp.

Observing the Economy. C.A. Gregory and J.C. Altman. ASA Research Methods. London and New York: Routledge, 1989. 253 pp.

Lost Words and Lost Worlds: Modernity and the Language of Everyday Life in Late Nineteenth‐Century Stockholm. Allan Pred. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xvi + 298 pp.

Central Borneo: Ethnic Identity and Social Life in a Stratified Society. Jerome Rousseau. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990. 388 pp.

Stealing People's Names: History and Politics in a Sepik River Cosmology. Simon Harrison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xiii, 217 pp., plates, maps, figures.     

The World of Darkness

Bowden, Charles Killing the Hidden Waters Austin: University of Texas Press, 1977 174 pp., $9.96 Reviewed by Malcolm F. Farmer

Cogswell, Howard L. Water Birds of California Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977 416 pp., $5.75 paper Reviewed by Karl L. Trever

Grant, Edward Physical Science in the Middle Ages New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977 128 pp., $4.95 Reviewed by Emanuel D. Rudolph

Piltz, Albert, and Robert Sund Creative Teaching of Science in the Elementary School, 2d ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1977 310 pp., $7.95 Reviewed by Herbert H. Grossman

Lucas, David J., Harold I. James, John Simpson A First Science Dictionary: College Edition New York: Crane, Russak &; Company, Inc., 1977 206 pp., $8.50 Reviewed by Lawrence P. Eblin

Gribben, John, ed. Climatic Change New York: Cambridge University Press, 1978 280 pp., $37.50 cloth, $11.95 paper Reviewed by Waring B. Hill

Caroe, G.M. William Henry Bragg 1862–1942: Man and Scientist New York: Cambridge University Press, 1978 212 pp., $16.95 Reviewed by Gilbert Wright

Rowe, Mary Budd Teaching Science as Continuous Inquiry: A Basic New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1978 509 pp., $16.00 Reviewed by Elmer F. Kohlmiller

Branley, Franklyn M. Color: From Rainbows to Lasers New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1978 87 pp., $8.95 Reviewed by Van E. Neie

McNutt, Kristen W., and David R. McNutt Nutrition and Food Choices Chicago: Science Research Associates, Inc., 1978 506 pp., $10.36 Reviewed by Manfred Kroger

Allen, Arthur James A Whaler and Trader in the Arctic: 1895–1944 Anchorage: Alaska Northwest Publishing Company, 1978 213 pp., $5.95 paper Reviewed by Vagn Flyger

Coleman, William Biology in the Nineteenth Century: Problems of Form, Function, and Transformation, rev. ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1978 187 pp., $13.95 cloth, $5.95 paper Reviewed by Donald J. Zinn     

Book review

PRANCE, G.T. ed. (1986): Tropical Rain Forests and the World Atmosphere. American Association for the Advancement of Science Selected Symposium 101. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado and London. 105 pp., some figs., paper. 20.50.

LOWE‐McCONNELL, R.H. (1987): Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne. 382 pp. with tables and figs., paper. 12.95 (hardbound 35.00).     

Fields of play

A review of Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative, and Ecological Perspectives, edited by Marc Bekoff and John A. Byers. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998, 274 pp., $80.00, hard bound; $32.95, paperback.     

Communitas and schismo‐genesis: The Andean Pilgrimage reconsidered

Cosmologies in the Making: a Generative Approach to Cultural Variation in Inner New Guinea. Fredrik Barth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987, xii, 95 pp., map, fig. h/b, £ 17.50, $27.95.

The Evolution of Highland Papua New Guinea Societies. D. K. FEIL. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. 313 pp. £30.00.

Language Socialization Across Cultures edited by Bambi B. Schieffelin and Elinor Ochs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 274 pp.

Stories of Maasaw, a Hopi God. Ekkehart Malotki, Michael Lomatuway'ma. American Tribal Religions Volume 10. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1987. ix + 347 pp.

Maasaw: Profile of a Hopi God. Ekkehart Ma‐lotki, Michael Lomatuwavma. American Tribal Religions Volume 11. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1987. ix + 293 pp.

Pilgrims in the Andes: Regional Culls in Cusco. Michael J. Sallnow. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987. xiii + 351 pp. $29.95.

The Women's Question and the Modes of Human Reproduction: an Analysis of a Tanzanian Village. Ulla Vuorela. 234 pp. Monograph of the Finnish Society for Development Studies no. I. Helsinki, 1987.

The Dynamics of Productive Relationships: African Share Contracts in Comparative Perspective. A. F. Robertson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. xix + 321 pp. £25.00.

Rumblings on Soil Conservation. An Essay from Kenya. Wilhelm Östberg. Stockholm: Swedish International Development Authority, 1987. 83 pp. SEK 20.‐.

Religion, Development and African Identity, edited by K. H. PETERSEN. Seminar Proceedings No. 17. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1987. 163 pp. £10.

Aspects of Polish Folk Culture: An Anthology of Contemporary Research from the Department of Slavic Ethnography, Cracow, edited by Robert Gary Minnich. Bergen: Studia University Bookstore, 1987.

Hvad Mutter Gjør er Alltid Viktig. Om å vtere kvinne og mann i en nordnonk bygd i 1970‐årene. Lisbet Holtedahl. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1.986. 224 pp.

Whalsay: Symbol, Segment and Boundary in a Shetland Island Community. Anthony P. Cohen. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987. ix + 216 pp., maps, figures, photographs, illustrations, appendixes, references, index, £22.95.

The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth‐Century Ethnography, Literature and Art. James Clifford. Cambridge (Mass.) &; London: Harvard University Press. 1988. xii +, 381 pp.

Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author. Clifford Geertz. Cambridge: Polity Press. 1988. vi +, 157 pp.

Culture Builders: A Historical Anthropology of Middle‐Class Life. Jonas Frykman and Orvar Löfgren, (transl. Alan Crozier, Foreword John Gillis). New Brunswick and London: Rutgers University Press, 1987. ix + 321 pp.     

Making Forest of Bliss: Intention, Circumstance, and Chance in Nonflction Film

Making Forest of Bliss: Intention, Circumstance, and Chance in Nonflction Film. Robert Gardner and Ákos Östör. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. 135 pp., DVD.