缺氧对培养的肺动脉内皮细胞血管紧张素Ⅱ分泌的影响

缺氧是否通过影响血管内皮细胞的分泌功能而参与缺氧性肺动脉高压的发生尚不清楚。本实验动态观察了缺氧对培养的新生小牛内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）的血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＴⅡ）分泌的影响。结果发现：２．５％Ｏ２缺氧早期（１．５ｈ）,ＰＡＥＣ的ＡＴⅡ分泌增加（Ｐ＜０．０１ｖｓ常氧组）,缺氧后期与常氧组无明显差别;０％Ｏ２缺氧早期（１．５－６ｈ）,ＡＴⅡ分泌明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１ｖｓ常氧组及２．５％Ｏ２组）,后期ＡＴⅡ分泌明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１ｖｓ常氧组及２．５％Ｏ２组）;无论缺氧还是常氧条件下,ＮＯ供体ＳＩＮ１显著抑制ＡＴⅡ的分泌（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而内源性ＮＯ抑制剂硝基精氨酸则明显促进ＡＴⅡ分泌（Ｐ＜０．０１）;０％Ｏ２缺氧２４ｈ后,ＰＡＥＣ细胞内ｃＧＭＰ含量明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。上述结果表明缺氧可通过抑制ＰＡＥＣ的内源性ＮＯ产生而促进ＡＴⅡ的分泌,ＰＡＥＣ自分泌的改变可能参与缺氧性肺动脉高压的发生过程。     

急性低氧对大鼠血粘度,红细胞变形能力和左心室功能的影响

健康ＳＤ雄性大鼠,体重２５０—３００ｇ,麻醉、气管插管,用人工呼吸机经气袋供气,自发吸入氧浓度为９％的氧氮混合气,用ＳＭＵＰ－ＰＣ生物信号处理系统处理左心室功能。结果：（１）急性低氧经动脉血气分析可见ＰａＯ２下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ｐＨ值升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＰａＣＯ２稍下降（Ｐ＞０．０５）,左心室功能各指标如ＬＶＰ,ＨＲ,Ｖｍｐ,±ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ,Ｖｃｅ４０,Ｖｍａｘ,Ｌ０、等均下降;血液流变学指标如全血粘度（高、低切值及其还原值）升高,红细胞滤过指数（ＩＦ）升高;复氧后上述各指标恢复正常。（２）静脉注射心得安（０．５ｍｇ／Ｋｇ）后,使急性低氧诱发的左心室功能各指标更加明显下降,而血液流变学各值不再明显上升;静脉注射酚妥拉明（３ｍｇ／Ｋｇ）后,使急性低氧诱发的血液流变学各值上升不明显。（３）石炭酸破坏双侧颈动脉窦区后也可致低氧诱发的左心室功能各指标进一步下降,而血液流变学指标也不再明显上升。结果提示：急性低氧可引起左心室功能下降和全血粘度升高,红细胞变形能力降低,复氧后可恢复;交感神经活动及颈动脉窦区化学感受性反射可能对抗低氧诱发的左心室功能的下降,促进血粘度的升高。     

解剖和生理死腔变化在高频双向喷射通气中的意义

本实验对９只蒸汽吸入伤犬在高频喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）或高频双向喷射通气（ＨＦＴＪＶ）条件下解剖死腔（Ｖ＿（ａｎａｔ））和生理死腔（Ｖ＿（ｐｈｙｓ）的变化进行了观察。结果：①ＨＦＪＶ和ＨＦＴＪＶ的ＣＯ＿２排出量（Ｖｃｏ＿２）（４．９０±０．６５,６．３２±１．３０ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ￣１·ｋｇ￣１）的差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,②ＨＦＴＪＶ的ＶＶ＿（ａｎａｔ）（７６．６６±１９ｍｌ）和Ｖ＿（ｐｈｙｓ）（８０．８７±２０ｍｌ）比ＨＦＪＶ（分别为８８．１７±２２ｍｌ和９０．６９±２２ｍｌ）的均显著减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）。③ＨＦＪＶ和ＨＦＴＪＶ的功能残气量（ＦＲＣ）（４３３±５６,４４４±５６ｍｌ无显著差异。因此,ＨＦＴＪＶ确有加速ＣＯ＿２排除的效能,其作用应归因于Ｖ＿（ａｎａｔ）,和Ｖ＿（ｐｈｙｓ）的减少,它可能成为解决Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭ＣＯ＿２排除障碍的一种有效途径。     

低氧大鼠肺动脉内皮细胞VEGF变化与PKC活性关系的探讨

目的：探讨低氧培养大鼠肺动脉血管内皮细胞ＶＥＧＦ的表达变化与ＰＫＣ活性的关系。方法：培养大鼠肺动脉血管内皮细胞,观察低氧（１％Ｏ２）培养不同时间大鼠肺动脉血管内皮细胞浆、膜ＰＫＣ活性和培养液中ＶＥＧＦ水平变化;加入ＰＫＣ抑制剂（ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ）后,测定低氧、常氧培养不同时间二者的变化。结果：低氧时膜ＰＫＣ活性和培养液中ＶＥＧＦ水平明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而加入ＰＫＣ抑制剂后,常氧和低     

肿瘤坏死因子介导病理性氧供应依赖性的实验研究

本研究采用抗肿瘤坏死因子单克隆抗体预先保护实验动物,用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定血浆中肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）浓度,藉以考察ＴＮＦ在内毒素诱导病理性氧供应依赖性（ＰＯＳＤ）模型中是否起介导作用。结果表明,（１）ＴＮＦ浓度内毒素组显著高于对照组,抗体保护组显著低于无关抗体组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）在Ｖｏ＿２－Ｄｏ＿２关系中,抗体保护组可清楚地分为依赖段和非依赖段两部分,其临界氧运输量和合并氧提取率分别为１０．８０±３２１ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ￣（－１）·ｋｇ￣（－１）和０．６９０,而无关抗体组则只有依赖段,合并氧提取率为０．４０８,显著低于抗体保护组。从而证明,ＴＮＦ在内毒素所致的ＰＯＳＤ现象中起介导作用。     

下丘脑穹窿周围区不同部位兴奋对心肌Po_2及ECG－ST的影响

电刺激下丘脑穹窿周围区（ＰＦＡ）的下丘脑背内侧核（ＤＭＨ）,下丘脑腹内侧核（ＶＭＨ）与下丘脑外侧区（ＬＨＡ）均可引起心肌Ｐ０＿２下降与血压升高,而以ＤＭＨ所致的心肌Ｐ０,下降最明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。心得安可取消电刺激ＬＨＡ所致的心肌ＰＯ＿２下降,部分取消电刺激ＶＭＨ引起的心肌ＰＯ＿２下降,而不改变电刺激ＤＭＨ所致的心肌ＰＯ＿２下降（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＤＭＨ、ＶＭＨ微量注射谷氨酸钠（０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ０．５μｌ）均可诱发升压反应和ＥＣＧ－ＳＴ压低,而ＬＨＡ微量注射谷氨酸却导致降压反应,对ＥＣＧ－ＳＴ无明显影响。上述结果提示ＤＭＨ为ＰＦＡ各区诱发心肌缺血缺氧的主要核团。兴奋ＤＭＨ、ＶＭＨ所致的心血管效应主要由胞体兴奋诱发,而电刺激ＬＨＡ所致的升压反应主要为兴奋过路纤维引起,该区胞体兴奋主要导致降压反应。     

极限负荷时β-内啡肽、睾酮、皮质醇和心肺功能的改变

极限负荷时运动持续时间和运动水平密切相关。本研究发现运动后睾酮（Ｔ）水平与最大耗氧平台（Ｖ·Ｏ２ｍａｘＰＤ）显著相关，β内啡肽（βＥＰ）分泌水平与最大耗氧量（Ｖ·Ｏ２ｍａｘ），Ｖ·Ｏ２ｍａｘＰＤ显著相关，与呼吸频率负相关显著。提示Ｖ·Ｏ２ｍａｘＰＤ的维系，可能有垂体性腺轴的参与。而βＥＰ对呼吸频率、Ｖ·Ｏ２ｍａｘ及Ｖ·Ｏ２ｍａｘＰＤ的维系也存在着调控作用。Ｖ·Ｏ２ｍａｘＰＤ时心率和通气量较之安静时大辐度增长，间接说明儿茶酚胺在极限负荷时对循环系统的支持     

青年男性高原移居者最大摄氧量计算公式的推导

最大摄氧量（Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ）是评价人体体力的重要指标,其测定方法分直接法和间接法两种。目前所推导的间接计算公式都是在平原、或是在进入高原初期推导的,不适用于高原习服人群。本研究采用逐步回归的方法,推导出移居高原７－２７个月、不同高度的青年男性Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ间接计算公式。在海拔３６８０ｍ地区,Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ（Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）＝１．１５３１＋０．００７３２７身高（ｃｍ）＋０．０１６１３体重（ｋｇ）－０．００５８８３晨脉（ｂ／ｍｉｎ）－０．００４５３４运动心率（６０Ｗ,６／ｍｉｎ）,Ｒ＝０．７４５,Ｐ＜０．０１,ＳＳ＝３．７７９９;或Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ（Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）＝１．２１８６＋０．０１９８４体重（ｋｇ）＋０．０７２５９肺活量（Ｌ）－０．００６６５９晨脉（ｂ／ｍｉｎ）,Ｒ＝０．７１３,ｐ＜０．０１,ｓｓ＝３．９６３６。在４３５０ｍ地区,Ｖｏ２．ｍａｘ（Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）＝０．４９１７＋０．０１６８７体重（ｋｇ）＋０．１１０９肺活量（Ｌ）＋０．００１９８３屏气时间（Ｓ）,Ｒ＝０．７８１,Ｐ＜０．０１,ＳＳ＝２．１３５６。计算值与实测值比较,变异系数在１３％以内,结果准确可靠,适用于青年男性高原习服移居者。     

慢性低氧下普通大鼠与低氧敏感大鼠的血液气体变化

普通大鼠（ＳＤ）与低氧敏感大鼠（ＨＳ）经减压舱内模拟海拔５０００ｍ高度下３周低氧,观察到ＳＤ与ＨＳ的Ｈｂ有显著差异,前者高于后者（分别为２７．３±０．６;２４．５±０．８ｇ％Ｐ＜０．０１）。此时ＳＤ血液中的ＰＣＯ２已恢复正常,而ＨＳ血液中的ＰＣＯ２却比ＳＤ血液中的ＰＣＯ２低（分别为４．３±０．１;５．６±０．３ｋＰａＰ＜０．０１）。在慢性低氧初期,ＨＳ的ｐＨ值比ＳＤ明显降低（分别为７．１８±０．０３;７．２９±０．０２,Ｐ＜０．０５）。但随着低氧时间延长ＨＳ的ｐＨ值很快上升并超过ＳＤ（分别为７．２５±０．０２;７．１７±０．０３Ｐ＜０．０５）。两者的血液氧没有明显差异。实验结果提示普通大鼠与低氧敏感大鼠对慢性低氧反应有不同的生理机制。     

高原红细胞增多症患者红细胞二磷酸甘油酸和氧亲和力变化的探讨

在海拔４３００ｍ地区,对１８名移居汉族、２４名世居藏族和２１名高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）患者测定了２,３—二磷酸甘油酸（２,３—ＤＰＧ）和肺通气功能,并进行了血气分析。结果显示：ＨＡＰＣ患者的全血和红细胞内２,３—ＤＰ６浓度均显著高于健康组,但世居、移居健康组之间无明显差异。ＨＡＰＣ组的红细胞２,３—ＤＰＧ和Ｐｄｏ＿２呈显著负相关（ｒ＝—０．７７１,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而在健康组无显著相关（ｒ＝—０．２６,Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＨＡＰＣ组与健康组相比,ｐＨ、Ｐａｏ＿２和Ｓａｏ＿２降低,Ｐａｃｏ＿２和肺泡动脉氧分压差增高。ＨＡＰＣ病人Ｐ＿（５０）为３．７５±０．６６ｋＰａ,健康组为３．４０±０．１２ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｐ＿（５０）与２,３－ＤＰＧ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．５９２,Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＨＡＰＣ组最大呼气中段流量和５０％肺活量最大呼气量明显低于健康组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本研究提示：①ＨＡＰＣ患者的低氧血症可能与血中２,３－ＤＰＧ浓度过高有关;②轻度肺功能异常亦可促使红细胞进一步增多。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.