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1.
Comparison of seven DNA extraction and amplification protocols in historical herbarium specimens of juncaceae 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Seven DNA extraction protocols were used to obtain DNA from herbarium specimens ofJuncus andLuzula (Juncaceae) of various ages. DNA of historical samples is difficult to extract, and the extracts are seldom of good quality.
The quality of DNA obtained was estimated by using a spectrophotometer to measure the A260/280 absorbance ratio. The total
DNA yield was measured by a fluorometer. The results indicate the success of using both mixer mill grinding and a DNeasy Plant
Kit. Another extraction protocol (grinding with mortar and pestle, using liquid nitrogen) yielded DNA from many samples. Modified
CTAB extraction, with a lengthy precipitation, usually provided good amounts of DNA. Other protocols did not give satisfactory
results. 相似文献
2.
We extracted, amplified and sequenced DNA from historical herbarium specimens and silica-dried samples of the fern genus Lindsaea in order to study the sequencing success between the two kinds of samples. High quality sequences were obtained from 57%
of the herbarium samples. The specimens age was found to be of little importance for sequencing success when less than 75
years, but the colour of a specimen was found more indicative of sequencing success. Shorter DNA fragments were sequenced
successfully twice as often as longer fragments from the herbarium material; in relatively recently collected silica-dried
material longer sequences were obtained almost as frequently as short ones. No obvious differences in sequencing success between
material originating from different herbaria was observed. We conclude that by using specifically designed DNA extraction
protocols and by sequencing short DNA fragments from carefully selected specimens, herbarium material and type specimens can
be successfully used in molecular systematics. Typical material or specimens from the type locality (topotypes) should be
preferred, when placing a species in a phylogeny. 相似文献
3.
福建省2种木本植物新记录 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过2017~2018年对福建省本土植物进行野外调查,发现2种木本植物新记录:薄叶红厚壳(Calophyllum membranaceum Gardn. & Champ.)和光叶紫玉盘(Uvaria boniana Finet&Gagnep.)。薄叶红厚壳为藤黄科(Calophyllaceae)红厚壳属(Calophyllum)植物,该属为福建省新记录属;光叶紫玉盘为福建省番荔枝科(Annonaceae)紫玉盘属(Uvaria)新记录种。现予以报道,并提供相应照片及描述,此次报道丰富了福建省本土木本植物资源,凭证标本存放于福建农林大学林学院植物标本馆。 相似文献
4.
High-throughput DNA extraction from forest trees 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Mervyn Shepherd Michael Cross Rhonda L. Stokoe Leon J. Scott Megan E. Jones 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2002,20(4):425-425
It is difficult to extract pure high-quality DNA from trees, which may not be amenable to advances in extraction methods suitable
for other plants. A new commercial high-throughput DNA extraction system, using a silica binding matrix for purification and
a multisample mixer mill for tissue disruption, was evaluated for its suitability withEucalyptus spp.,Pinus spp., andAraucaria cunninghamii (hoop pine). DNA suitable for a range of molecular biology applications was successfully extracted from all genera. The method
was highly reliable when tested in more than 500 preparations and could be adapted to different tree species with relatively
minor modifications. 相似文献
5.
Our aim was to evaluate the potential of existing herbarium collections in reconstructing the past population history of the
rediscovered clone of the regionally extinct Blechnum spicant by comparing it with herbarium material from previous sites of occurrences in Finland and elsewhere in northern Europe, as
well as to reveal the genetic and geographic relationship among the samples. We detected a total of nine polymorphic sites
within the three sequenced regions, two SCAR markers developed now for B. spicant and the chloroplast trnL-trnF spacer, totalling 763 bp. Despite low variability, the phylogeographic analysis revealed the presence of some geographic
pattern among the samples, of which all except one represented herbarium samples of up to 100 years of age. The rediscovered
clone of B. spicant proved to represent the prevalent genotype occurring in northern Europe. The studied sequences were neutral in terms of evolution.
It is apparent that existing herbarium collections are useful resources for a range of evolutionary and population studies. 相似文献
6.
报道了中国唇形科(Lamiaceae)刺蕊草属一新记录种--香薷状刺蕊草(Pogostemon elsholtzioides Benth.),该种在中国产于西藏墨脱县,凭证标本保存在PE。该种在喜马拉雅地区分布广泛,与特产于云南西北部地区的狭叶刺蕊草(P. dielsianus Dunn)的主要区别为:花萼钟形,长3~3.5 mm,花萼齿长为花萼筒的1/3~1/2,花冠长约4.5 mm。 相似文献
7.
A rapid and efficient method for the extraction of total DNA from the sweet potato and its related species 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Secondary metabolites, latex/mucilagenous secretions, polysaccharides, and proteins interfere with the extraction of high-quality,
restrictable total cellular DNA from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamk.] and related species. A method for the DNA extraction is described which overcomes these problems. 相似文献
8.
The genera Aquilaria and Gyrinops (Thymelaeaceae, Malvales) are well known for the production of agarwood which is a highly wanted forest product of substantial economic value. The taxonomic status of Aquilaria and Gyrinops as separate genera is doubted as they are only distinguished by the number of stamens. We investigated their status by conducting phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the plastid trnL-trnF spacer. Control of international trade of agarwood is currently hampered by the failure of traditional methods such as microscopy to identify samples to species level. We therefore evaluated the potential of molecular identification of agarwood by searching for species- and region-specific plastid DNA polymorphisms. DNA sequences were obtained from 31 Thymelaeaceae accessions encompassing 20 different species in six genera. Aquilaria and Gyrinops appear to be paraphyletic. Success in sequencing wood samples demonstrates that molecular markers provide new perspectives for agarwood identification. 相似文献
9.
Summary Plastids of the brown algaDictyota dichotoma contain a single homogeneous DNA species which bands at a buoyant density of 1.693 g/cm3 in neutral CsCl equilibrium density gradients. The corresponding nuclear DNA has a density of 1.715 g/cm3. The molecular size of the plastid DNA is 123 kbp as calculated by both electron microscopy of spread intact circular molecules
and gel electrophoresis following single and double digestions with various restriction enzymes. A restriction map has been
constructed using the endonucleases Sal I, Bam HI, and Bgl II which cleave theDictyota plastome into 6, 12, and 17 fragments, respectively. No large repeated regions, as found in chlorophycean andEuglena plastid DNAs, were detected.Dictyota dichotoma is the first member from the chlorophyll c-line of the algal pedigree for which a physical map of plastid DNA has been established.
Dedicated to Professor Dr. W. Stubbe on the occasion of his 65th birthday. 相似文献
10.
Ribosomal DNA repeat unit polymorphism in 49 Vicia species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. N. Raina Y. Ogihara 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,90(3-4):477-486
DNA restriction endonuclease fragment analysis was used to obtain new information on the genomic organization of Vicia ribosomal DNA (rDNA), more particularly among V. faba and its close relatives and the taxa within three (Narbonensis, Villosa, Sativa) species' complexes. Total genomic DNA of 90 accessions representing 49 Vicia species was restricted with 11 enzymes, and the restriction fragments were probed with three ribosomal clones. Twenty-eight repeat unit length classes were identified. The number of length classes (1–2) per accession did not correspond to the number of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs). The number of rRNA genes was independent of the 2C nuclear DNA amount present in the taxon. Each of the 90 accessions had 2 (rarely 1)-4 DraI sites. Those taxa with the same number of DraI sites generally could be distinguished from each other by different configurations. Probing of the DNA samples digested with tetranucleotide recognition restriction endonucleases emphasized differences between divergent spacer regions and enabled relative homologies between the coding regions to be established. Overall, rDNA restriction site variation among the species showed a good correlation with taxonomic classification. The rDNA analysis indicated evolutionary relatedness of the various taxa within the Narbonensis species complex. rDNA diversity within two other species complexes (Villosa, Sativa), on the other hand, was more extensive than expected. With few exceptions, data on the two complexes give evidence of taxon-specific divergences not seen with other approaches. The restriction site variability and repeat length heterogeneity in the rDNA repeat exhibited startling differences between V.faba and its close wild relatives included in the Narbonensis species complex. This analysis provides new evidence that none of the species within the complex can be considered to be putative allies of broad bean. 相似文献
11.
Are there seasonal variations of trace element concentrations (Cd,Pb, Zn) in wood of Fagus trees in Germany? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn were determined in stem wood of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from 3 sites in northern Germany. Distinct radial distribution patterns of the elements were observed in the xylem. Concentrations of Cd and Pb increased from the youngest, outermost annual rings towards the center of the stem. With Zn intermediate concentrations were observed in the sapwood and higher levels at the center of the stem.Temporal and spatial stability of such distribution patterns in the trunks was investigated. Wood samples taken from the same individual tree in different months of the year were analysed. Marked seasonal variations of mineral concentrations were observed. Also the shape of the distribution patterns of the elements varied with the season. Such variations were larger than those observed with samples taken simultaneously from different sides of the trunk. Furthermore, Pb concentrations in the stem showed variations with height above ground.The results indicate, that radial distribution patterns of Cd, Pb and Zn in xylem rings of beech are not stable. Biomonitoring trace element pollution levels by analysis of beech wood is, thus, questionable. To obtain a reliable historical record of pollution from tree rings, the distribution patterns should be stable over a long period of time. This basic requirement of the dendroanalytical method does not hold for the examined beech. Still, with other tree species and under more favourable conditions the dendroanalytical biomonitoring method may prove valuable.Presented as symposium paper at the V International Congress of Ecology, Yokohama, August 23–30, 1990. 相似文献
12.
We have used total genomic DNA as a probe to size-fractionated restriction enzyme digests of genomic DNA from a range ofTriticeae species from the generaLeymus
Hochst.,Psathyrostachys
Nevski, andHordeum L., and hybrids betweenHordeum andLeymus to investigate their taxonomic relationships. Genomic Southern hybridization was found to be an effective and simple way to assess the distribution and diversity of essentially species-specific and common, repetitive DNA sequences, and is hence especially useful in evolutionary studies. The DNA sequences ofH. vulgare seem to diverge substantially from those ofH. brachyantherum, H. lechleri, H. procerum, andH. depressum. The genome ofThinopyron bessarabicum shows little homology to those of theLeymus species investigated, confirming thatT. bessarabicum is not an ancestral genome inLeymus. Although the genomes ofLeymus andPsathyrostachys share substantial proportions of DNA sequences, they include divergent repeated sequences as well. Hybridization with a ribosomal DNA probe (pTa 71) showed that the coding regions containing structural genes encoding the 18 S, 5.8 S, and 26 S ribosomal RNA were conserved among the species investigated, whereas the intergenic spacer region was more variable, presenting different sizes of restriction fragments and enabling a classification of the species. The rye heterochromatin probe pSc 119.2 hybridized to DNA fromH. lechleri andT. bessarabicum, but not to DNA from the other species investigated. 相似文献
13.
A rapid and reliable method of dolphinfish species identification was designed based on PCR amplification of diagnostic DNA
fragments from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. It consisted in a tetraplex reaction producing a positive control amplicon and species-specific fragments in Coryphaena hippurus and C. equiselis. It was successfully tested in specimens of known identity and in nominal C. hippurus samples among which two C. equiselis were discovered. This approach has significant advantages over other molecular species identification methods and may help
in determining species composition of mixed catches, and in forensic and food control applications of dolphinfish specimens
or products. 相似文献
14.
Patricia E. Crane Yuichi Yamaoka Jintana Engkhaninun Makoto Kakishima 《Mycoscience》2005,46(3):143-147
A rust fungus found in Japan on Rhododendron kaempferi, R. kiusianum, and R. dauricum has previously been identified as Chrysomyxa rhododendri. Light and scanning electron microscopy of fresh and herbarium materials of the rust fungus, however, show that the spore surface morphology differs from the urediniospores of C. rhododendri, and the spores are slightly smaller. Furthermore, the DNA sequence of the 5′-end of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA differs from that of C. rhododendri by 3%. Telia have not been found; therefore, it is redescribed as a new anamorphic species, Caeoma tsukubaense. Several specimens from North Korea, Tibet, and Nepal bearing a similar rust fungus are also included in the species.Contribution no.193 from the Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan 相似文献
15.
Salvatore Cozzolino Donata Cafasso Giuseppe Pellegrino Aldo Musacchio Alex Widmer 《Conservation Genetics》2007,8(3):629-639
Habitat alteration, fragmentation and destruction as a consequence of human impact are a global phenomenon. Here we document
changes in genetic variation in the marsh orchid Anacamptis palustris as a consequence of such habitat changes. We examined historical specimens that were collected during the nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries, prior to the most recent massive habitat changes affecting this species. Sequences of a hypervariable
region in the plastid DNA, located in the tRNALEU intron, from herbarium vouchers were compared with those from a near-exhaustive survey of the extant A. palustris populations on the Italian peninsula. It was found that private haplotypes and alleles found in small, extant populations
were once widespread and more common in historic populations and that alleles, once present in historic populations, have
gone extinct. In addition, genetic differentiation among populations has increased over time and haplotype frequencies significantly
differ among historic and extant populations. These results document that human induced habitat changes have reduced genetic
diversity and increased the importance of random genetic drift in this species. It is concluded that the analysis of herbarium
specimens may provide important insights into changes of genetic diversity over time and may be critical for correct inference
of the evolutionary history of rare and endangered species. 相似文献
16.
Raymond W. J. M. van der Ham Wim J. Kuijper M. Joop H. Kortselius Johan van der Burgh Graham N. Stone Jan G. Brewer 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》2008,17(1):127-144
The Kreftenheye Formation is a fluviatile deposit occurring in the central part of the Netherlands. The present study deals
with the plant remains found in suction-dredged bulk samples from its largely Eemian Zutphen Member, a clayey sediment formerly
known as the clay–peat bed or the Salvinia bed. It reports the discovery of a large number of galls induced by the asexual generation of the currently southeast European
oak gall wasp Andricus hungaricus. The associated plant remains include seeds, fruits, conifer cones, wood, spines, leaf fragments, buds, bud scales, stem
fragments, bryophytes, sporangia, oospores, palynomorphs, galls, jet and amber. The palynomorph samples indicate the Late
Eemian pollen zone E5b of the Carpinus phase as the origin of the galls, but the other macrofossils may have a wider stratigraphic range, including possibly also
material from (a part) of the zones E3–E5a. Several elements, such as Celtis, Chamaecyparis, Juglans, Magnolia and Pterocarya, date almost certainly from earlier interglacials. The list of plant remains is dominated by fresh water plants, riparian
elements and ancient woodland taxa, which reflects the ecological range of the IJssel valley and adjacent ice-pushed ridges
very well. Thermophilous elements include Brasenia schreberi, Buxus sempervirens, Cornus mas, Najas minor, Salvinia natans, Trapa natans and possibly also Andricus hungaricus. Quercus cerris, the probable host of the sexual generation of A. hungaricus was not found. 相似文献
17.
The resistance (R) proteins of the TIR- and non-TIR (or CC-) superfamilies possess a nucleotide binding site (NBS) domain.
Within an R gene, the NBS is the region of highest conservation, suggesting an essential role in triggering R protein activity. We compared
the NBS domain of functional R genes and resistance gene analogs (RGA) amplified from S. caripense genomic DNA via PCR using specific and degenerate primers with its counterpart from other plants. An overall high degree
of sequence conservation was apparent throughout the P-loop, kinase-2 and kinase-3a motifs of NBS fragments from all plants.
Within the non-TIR class of R genes a prominent sub-class similar to the potato R1 gene conferring resistance to late blight, was detected. All non-TIR-R1-like R gene fragments that were sequenced possessed an intact open reading frame, whereas 22% of all non-TIR-non-R1-like fragments
and 59% of all TIR-NBS RGA fragments had an interrupted reading frame or contained transposon-specific sequence. The non-TIR-R1-like
fragments had high similarity to Solanaceae R genes and low similarity to RGAs of other plant species including A. thaliana and the cereals. It is concluded that appearance of the non-TIR-R1-like NBS domain represents a relatively recent evolutionary
development.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at
and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
18.
S. Szymczak M.M. Joachimski A. Bräuning T. Hetzer J. Kuhlemann 《Dendrochronologia》2011,29(4):219-226
Stable isotopes in tree rings have widely been used for palaeoclimate reconstructions since tree rings record climatic information at annual resolution. However, various wood components or different parts of an annual tree-ring may differ in their isotopic compositions. Thus, sample preparation and subsequent laboratory analysis are crucial for the isotopic signal retained in the final tree-ring isotope series used for climate reconstruction and must therefore be considered for the interpretation of isotope–climate relationships. This study focuses on wood of Corsican Pine trees (Pinus nigra ssp. laricio) as this tree species allows to reconstruct the long-term climate evolution in the western Mediterranean. In a pilot study, we concentrated on methodological issues of sample preparation techniques in order to evaluate isotope records measured on pooled whole tree-ring cellulose and whole tree-ring bulk wood samples. We analysed 80-year long carbon and oxygen chronologies of Corsican Pine trees growing near the upper tree line on Corsica. Carbon and oxygen isotope records of whole tree-ring bulk wood and whole tree-ring cellulose from a pooled sample of 5 trees were correlated with the climate parameters monthly precipitation, temperature and the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI). Results show that the offsets in carbon and oxygen isotopes of bulk wood and cellulose are not constant over time. Both isotopes correlate with climate parameters from late winter and summer. The carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of cellulose are more sensitive to climatic variables than those of bulk wood. The results of this study imply that extraction of cellulose is a pre-requisite for the reconstruction of high-resolution climate records from stable isotope series of P. nigra ssp. laricio. 相似文献
19.
De Maeseneire SL Van Bogaert IN Dauvrin T Soetaert WK Vandamme EJ 《Biotechnology letters》2007,29(12):1845-1855
A quick and reliable method for screening fungal transformants for specific genetic modifications is essential for many molecular
applications. We have compared the applicability of a few rapid DNA extraction methods for Myrothecium and Aspergillus and tested the resulting DNA as to its suitability for PCR. For Myrothecium gramineum, the highest DNA concentration was obtained with the procedure described by N. Vanittanakom et al. (J Clin Microbiol 2002,
40: 1739–1742). For A. nidulans, concentrations higher than 100 ng/μl were reached with the glass bead, the LiCl, the boiling, the liquid N2 and the protoplast-based method. Samples of M. gramineum resulting from the boiling and the liquid N2 procedure were suitable for the amplification of fragments up to 2.3 kb. The direct use of mycelium from M. gramineum in the PCR tube can be employed for the reproducible amplification of fragments up to 1 kb. Amplification of fragments up
to 4.3 kb requires the use of the Elongase Mix on samples extracted with the liquid N2 procedure. 相似文献
20.
报道了在海南热带雨林国家公园内发现的兰科牛齿兰属中国一新记录种:广椭牛齿兰[Appendicula ovalis(Schltr.) J.J.Sm. ex Mansf.]。该种原分布于马来半岛、苏门答腊岛、爪哇岛、婆罗洲、苏拉威西岛,在形态上与国内记录的4种牛齿兰属植物均有较大差别,如茎中部具分枝、叶广椭圆形、单个花序仅着生1朵花、且唇瓣扭转具粉紫色斑块等特征。对产自海南的该种形态和生境进行了详细描述,并提供高清解剖照片。凭证标本保存于海南大学林学院教学标本馆(HUFB)。 相似文献