扣囊复膜孢酵母BGL1基因在工业酒精酵母中的整合表达

构建了含有工业酿酒酵母自身GPD2启动子和终止子、扣囊复膜孢酵母b-葡萄糖苷酶基因(BGL1)和潮霉素选择性标记hyg的重组质粒pPIC-gpd-bgl-hyg, 通过酵母染色体同源重组, 将BGL1基因整合进入工业酒精酵母的染色体上。重组酵母可以在以纤维二糖为唯一碳源的培养基上生长, 48 h时b-葡萄糖苷酶酶活达到0.764 U/mL。在玉米浓醪酒精发酵实验中, 与宿主菌株相比, 重组酵母醪液中纤维二糖含量减少约80％, 达到了消耗醪液中纤维二糖含量的目的。     

扣囊复膜孢酵母BGLl基因在工业酒精酵母中的整合表达

构建了含有工业酿酒酵母自身GPD2启动子和终止子、扣囊复膜孢酵母β-葡萄糖苷酶基因（BGL1）和潮霉素选择性标记hyg的重组质粒pPIC-gpd-bgl-hyg,通过酵母染色体同源重组,将BGLl基因整合进入工业酒精酵母的染色体上。重组酵母可以在以纤维二糖为唯一碳源的培养基上生长,48h时β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活达到0.764U／mL。在玉米浓醪酒精发酵实验中,与宿主菌株相比,重组酵母醪液中纤维二糖含量减少约80％,达到了消耗醪液中纤维二糖含量的目的。     

扣囊复膜孢酵母b-葡萄糖苷酶基因在工业酿酒酵母中的表达

本文以工业酿酒酵母菌株( Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y )为研究对象,针对其复杂的生理生化遗传特性,建立了相对应的转化体系。以pRS41H质粒为基础载体,构建了含有工业酿酒酵母自身的gpd2启动子、终止子和扣囊复膜孢酵母的b-葡萄糖苷酶基因bgl的重组质粒pRS-gb。电击转化进入工业酿酒酵母细胞,潮霉素抗性筛选,获得重组菌。该重组菌可以在以纤维二糖为唯一碳源的培养基中生长,培养36 h,b-葡萄糖苷酶酶活达到0.967 u/ml。以纤维二糖为唯一碳源的酒精发酵中,酒精度可以达到0.92 g/l。这对工业生产中利用纤维素为原料发酵生产酒精具有重要意义。     

扣囊复膜孢酵母β-葡萄糖苷酶基因在毕赤酵母中的克隆与表达

利用PCR技术,从扣囊复膜孢酵母的总DNA中扩增得到β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-Glucosidase）基因（BGL1）,长度为2596 bp,连接到pGEM-T载体上,用限制性内切酶切下目的基因,插入到巴斯德毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,使之位于α-因子信号肽下游,且与之同框,构建成重组质粒pSHL9K.通过电转化将重组质粒pSHL9K插入到Pichia pastoris GS115菌株染色体中,获得高效表达BGL1基因的毕赤酵母重组工程菌株.重组酶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为5.4.培养基中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性最高可达47U/mL.     

扣囊复膜孢酵母β-葡萄糖苷酶基因在毕赤酵母中的克隆与表达

利用PCR技术,从扣囊复膜孢酵母的总DNA中扩增得到β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-Glucosidase）基因 (BGL1),长度为2596 bp,连接到pGEMT载体上,用限制性内切酶切下目的基因,插入到巴斯德毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,使之位于α-因子信号肽下游,且与之同框, 构建成重组质粒pSHL9K。 通过电转化将重组质粒pSHL9K插入到Pichia pastoris GS115菌株染色体中,获得高效表达BGL1基因的毕赤酵母重组工程菌株。重组酶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为5.4。培养基中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性最高可达47U/mL。     

在GPD1中整合表达bglⅡ基因改善酒精发酵

依据同源重组的原理将来源于里氏木霉的β-葡萄糖苷酶基因bglⅡ整合到工业酿酒酵母染色体上的3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因GPD1中,通过G418抗性筛选得到重组子。实验数据表明,重组子Saccharomyces cerevisiaeCG1利用纤维二糖的能力显著提高,产甘油能力下降。引入外源基因后酵母性状与亲代相比没有显著差异,但生长时具自絮凝能力。当S·cerevisiaeCG1以玉米粉为原料进行浓醪酒精发酵,与亲代工业酿酒酵母比较,发酵液乙醇浓度得到提高,甘油含量降低,纤维二糖含量显著减少。     

扣囊复膜孢酵母α-淀粉酶基因在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的表达与重组酶性质

通过PCR方法从扣囊复膜孢酵母基因组DNA中克隆获得α-淀粉酶基因成熟肽编码区（SfA）,插入乳酸克鲁维酵母表达载体pKLACl的d因子信号肽下游,构建重组表达载体pKLACl-SfA。重组载体转化乳酸克鲁维酵母GG799,筛选获得表达α-淀粉酶SfA水平较高的重组茵。酶活检测和SDS．PAGE电泳检测均显示,重组茵分泌重组酶SfA到发酵液中。酶学性质研究表明：SfA最适温度为45℃,最适pH5．0,在pH4．5～5．5、50℃条件下保持稳定。Ca2＋等二价金属离子对SfA酶活有激活作用,EDTA强烈的抑制SfA活性。HPLC分析显示SfA水解糊精获得麦芽寡糖和少量葡萄糖,其中麦芽三糖是主要产物,占水解产物总量的52％。     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶在工业酒精酵母中的分泌表达

用重叠延伸PCR方法从黑曲霉 (Aspergillusniger)UV 11的基因组DNA中克隆出木聚糖酶的cDNA基因 ,构建了由酵母乙醇脱氢酶 (ADH1)启动子和终止子引导表达、木聚糖酶自身信号肽引导分泌、rDNA序列介导的酵母整合型分泌表达质粒pAX2。用pAX2与酵母YEp型G4 18抗性质粒共转化野生型工业酒精酵母S .cerevisiae 2 346 ,获得了整合型分泌表达木聚糖酶的酵母重组菌株XY2。发酵分析表明该工程菌能够明显提高酒精生产率     

葡枝根霉TP-02cDNA文库中两种新的β-葡萄糖苷酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

从具有良好降解纤维素能力的葡枝根霉TP-02的cDNA文库中筛选获得两个新的β-葡萄糖苷酶基因bgl1和bgl2,并在毕赤酵母中高效表达.阳性克隆在MM培养基中发酵84 h和1%的甲醇的诱导的情况下,产生的β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活达到峰值分别为8.2 IU/mL 和9.9 IU/mL,分别较原菌株葡枝根霉的β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活...     

重组毕赤酵母生产β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵条件初步研究

为提高重组毕赤酵母(P.pastoris KM71/pPIC9K-bgl)生产β-葡萄糖苷酶的产量,在摇瓶条件下对重组P.pastoris产β-葡萄糖苷酶的发酵过程进行了优化,得到最佳的条件:生长阶段甘油浓度为30 g/L,接种量为10%,诱导阶段甲醇的初浓度为4%,过程补加甲醇0.5%,诱导温度30℃,pH7.5,诱导周期120 h,酶活可达到245 U/mL。在此基础上,在3 L发酵罐上进行初步放大,流加甘油提高细胞密度至OD_(600)为170,开始流加甲醇诱导,最终BGL酶活达到1 175 U/mL。比摇瓶提高了4.8倍,为β-葡萄糖苷酶工业化生产打下了坚实的基础。     

Nucleotide sequences of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera genes for extracellular beta-glucosidases as expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We isolated two genes for extracellular beta-glucosidase, BGL1 and BGL2, from the genomic library of the yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. Gene products (BGLI and BGLII) were purified from the culture fluids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with BGL1 and BGL2, respectively. Molecular weights of BGLI and BGLII were estimated to be 220,000 and 200,000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The two beta-glucosidases showed the same enzymatic characteristics, such as thermo-denaturation kinetics and dependencies on pH and temperature, but quite different substrate specificities: BGLI hydrolyzed cellobiose efficiently, but BGLII did not. This result is consistent with the observation that the S. cerevisiae transformant carrying BGL1 fermented cellobiose to ethanol but the transformant carrying BGL2 did not. Southern blot analysis revealed that the two beta-glucosidase genes were derived from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and that the nucleotide sequences of the two genes are closely related. The complete nucleotide sequences of the two genes were determined. BGL1 and BGL2 encode 876- and 880-amino-acid proteins which were shown to be highly similar to each other. The putative precursors begin with hydrophobic segments that presumably act as signal sequences for secretion. Amino acid analysis of the purified proteins confirmed that BGL1 and BGL2 encode BGLI and BGLII, respectively.     

Fermentation of starch to ethanol by a co-culture of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Static fermentation of starch to ethanol by a co-culture of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Saccharomyces cerevisiae without addition of nutritional supplements was investigated with respect to initial starch concentration, pH of the media and initial dry weight ratio of Sps. fibuligera to Sacc. cerevisiae biomass (I _R).Optimal conditions for ethanol production were: starch from 20 to 30 g/l; initial pH values from 5.8 to 6.0; and I _R values of 2.0 or 3.0. The highest attained ethanol concentration, 13.7 g/l, represented 88% of the theoretical yield.K. Pirelová, D. mogroviová and . Balá are with the Department of Biochemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Slovak Polytechnic University, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.     

Nucleotide sequences of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera genes for extracellular beta-glucosidases as expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

We isolated two genes for extracellular beta-glucosidase, BGL1 and BGL2, from the genomic library of the yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. Gene products (BGLI and BGLII) were purified from the culture fluids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with BGL1 and BGL2, respectively. Molecular weights of BGLI and BGLII were estimated to be 220,000 and 200,000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The two beta-glucosidases showed the same enzymatic characteristics, such as thermo-denaturation kinetics and dependencies on pH and temperature, but quite different substrate specificities: BGLI hydrolyzed cellobiose efficiently, but BGLII did not. This result is consistent with the observation that the S. cerevisiae transformant carrying BGL1 fermented cellobiose to ethanol but the transformant carrying BGL2 did not. Southern blot analysis revealed that the two beta-glucosidase genes were derived from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and that the nucleotide sequences of the two genes are closely related. The complete nucleotide sequences of the two genes were determined. BGL1 and BGL2 encode 876- and 880-amino-acid proteins which were shown to be highly similar to each other. The putative precursors begin with hydrophobic segments that presumably act as signal sequences for secretion. Amino acid analysis of the purified proteins confirmed that BGL1 and BGL2 encode BGLI and BGLII, respectively.     

Expression of TPS1 Gene from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11 in Saccharomyces sp. W0 Enhances Trehalose Accumulation,Ethanol Tolerance,and Ethanol Production

It has been reported that trehalose plays an important role in stress tolerance in yeasts. Therefore, in order to construct a stably recombinant Saccharomyces sp. W0 with higher ethanol tolerance, the TPS1 gene encoding 6-phosphate-trehalose synthase cloned from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11 was ligated into the 18S rDNA integration vector pMIRSC11 and integrated into chromosomal DNA of Saccharomyces sp. W0. The transformant Z8 obtained had the content of 6.23 g of trehalose/100 g of cell dry weight, while Saccharomyces sp. W0 only contained 4.05 g of trehalose/100 g of cell dry weight. The transformant Z8 also had higher ethanol tolerance (cell survival was 25.1 % at 18 ml of ethanol/100 ml of solution) and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (Tps1) activity (1.3 U/mg) and produced more ethanol (16.4 ml of ethanol/100 ml of medium) than Saccharomyces sp. W0 (cell survival was 12.1 % at 18 ml of ethanol/100 ml of solution, Tps1 activity was 0.8 U/mg and the produced ethanol concentration was 14.2 ml of ethanol/100 ml of medium) under the same conditions. The results show that trehalose indeed can play an important role in ethanol tolerance and ethanol production by Saccharomyces sp. W0.     

Subsite structure of Saccharomycopsis alpha-amylase secreted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The kinetic parameters (kcat/Km) and the cleaved-bond distributions for the hydrolysis of linear maltooligosaccharides Gn (3 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 9) by Saccharomycopsis alpha-amylase (Sfamy) secreted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were determined at pH 5.25 and 25 degrees C. The subsite affinities of Sfamy were also evaluated from these data. The subsite structure of Sfamy is characteristic of the active site of an endo-cleavage type enzyme, consisting of internal repulsive sites with the catalytic residues and external attractive sites. Moreover, the pKa values of the catalytic residues were calculated from the pH dependence plot of the kinetic parameter (kcat/Km). The amino acid residues which contribute to the subsite affinities and the catalytic activity of Sfamy are proposed and compared with those of Taka-amylase A.     

黑曲霉糖化酶基因在酿酒酵母基因组中的整合及其在整合子中的稳定表达

把黑曲霉糖化酶cDNA连同酵母α因子启动子及其分泌序列,通过转化整合到酿酒酵母染色体DNA上,获得了整合型的分解淀粉酵母转化子。Southern印迹分析证明了糖化酶cDNA对酵母染色体DNA的整入。整合型转化子在以可溶性淀粉为碳源的培养基中分泌糖化酶活力达2．5u／m1,在非选择性培养基中连续转移10次．糖化酶分泌活力稳定不变。     

The nucleotide sequence of the glucoamylase gene GLA1 from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera KZ

The nucleotide sequence of the 2544-bp PstI fragment carrying the glucoamylase gene of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera KZ, designated as GLA1, has been determined. When compared with the nucleotide sequence of the GLU1 gene one nucleotide substitution was found in the 321- bp of the 5'-flanking region: 24 nucleotides were altered within the 1557 bp of the structural gene causing the deduced protein products of both genes to differ in three amino acids in the signal-peptide region and in eight amino acids of the mature protein. Six nucleotide insertions and 27 substitutions were in the 663 bp of the 3'-flanking region. The gene product expressed and secreted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae into the functional enzyme was not homogeneous. In situ detection of the enzyme in a polyacrylamide gel revealed two dominant and three minor bands.