姬松茸多糖抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的研究

姬松茸(Agaricus blazei)又名巴西蘑菇,是一种药食兼用的珍稀食用菌,具有显著的防癌、抗癌活性^[1]。本实验用水提法提取姬松茸菌丝体(深层发酵制备)及子实体多糖,测定姬松茸多糖体外对小鼠s-180癌细胞及人结肠癌细胞抑制杀伤作用。     

响应曲面法优化灵芝廉价型深层发酵培养基的研究

为了获得生产用廉价型灵芝发酵培养基,采用中心组合旋转设计法和响应曲面法对低成本培养基组分进行了优化。优化的四个组分为玉米粉(x1)、麸皮粉(x2)、豆饼粉(x3)和蔗糖(x4)。结果表明,灵芝菌体发酵和多糖发酵的培养基预测模型分别为:Y1=15.1–0.31x1–0.34x2+0.36x3–0.44x4–1.26x12–1.98x22–0.85x32–1.15x42–0.59x2x3和Y2=2.0–0.08x1–0.08x2+0.04x3–0.09x4–1.13x12–0.33x22–0.08x32–0.16x42–0.16x2x3–0.10x1x4。从中获得菌体发酵的最优配方为:玉米粉19.7g/L,麸皮粉11.3g/L,豆饼粉6.3g/L,蔗糖19.5g/L;多糖发酵的最优配方为:玉米粉19.6g/L,麸皮粉11.0g/L,豆饼粉6.7g/L,蔗糖19.1g/L。150L发酵罐中试放大结果表明,灵芝菌体的产量为16.92g/L,多糖产量为1.86g/L。所得培养基为灵芝产品的高效低成本生产提供了基础。     

姬松茸胞内多糖碱提取工艺

为了进一步提高姬松茸胞内多糖得率,采用单因素实验和响应曲面法,对姬松茸菌丝体胞内多糖碱提取工艺进行了研究。结果表明优化的碱提取工艺为提取时间4．63h,碱液浓度1．03mol／L,提取温度60．90℃,液料比85．85mL／g,在此条件下胞内多糖的提取得率为（273．49±1．59）mg／g干菌体,明显高于水提取所得到的胞内多糖得率。这为姬松茸碱提胞内多糖理化性质、生理活性等方面进一步的研究提供切实可行的高效提取方法。     

响应面法优化松茸发酵产多糖的培养条件

运用响应面法对松茸产多糖的发酵培养条件进行优化研究。首先根据C、N源实验结果,利用Plackett-Bur-man设计,对影响多糖产量的相关因素进行评估,筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素:玉米粉、豆粕和KH2PO4。在此基础上,利用最陡爬坡试验逼近以上3个因素的最大响应区域,采用Box-Behnken设计法对各因素的水平组合进行优化,获得松茸产多糖优化发酵的培养条件:玉米粉质量分数4.54%,豆粕质量分数4.96%,KH2PO4质量分数0.15%,MgSO4.7H2O质量分数0.05%,VB1质量分数0.001%,初始pH5.5,摇床转速180 r/min,发酵时间10 d。在此优化培养条件下松茸总多糖产量可达5.97 g/L。     

用豆饼粉代替玉米浆发酵生产苏芸金杆菌制剂

制剂玉米浆来源较少,我们采用3%工业盐酸水解豆饼粉代替玉米浆发酵生产苏芸金杆菌菌剂,发酵稳定,产量提高,质量合格,例罐率下降,成本降低,变亏损为盈余,具体方法:将水1.5吨、豆饼粉100公斤,工业盐酸45公斤,混合后打入2吨搪瓷罐内,通2公斤/厘米:蒸汽保压1小时,降温到60℃时打人配料罐内,用NaoH调pH至5以上。一级种子罐配方为1.5%玉米粉,1.5%豆饼粉,0.5%酵母粉。二级大罐配方     

原生质体紫外诱变选育姬松茸新菌株

对姬松茸原生质体进行紫外诱变处理,选育出在液体培养条件下生物量明显高于原始菌株的诱变株。经10代传代培养及摇瓶培养,表明该菌株稳定性良好,与出发菌株相比生物量提高5.5%,胞外多糖产量提高6.1%。     

黑木耳深层发酵工艺条件的研究

研究了碳源、氮源、接种量、初始pH、温度等对深层发酵黑术耳的生物量和多糖产量的影响,结果表明葡萄糖、酵母膏、豆饼粉有利于黑木耳菌体生长和胞外多糖的形成。在初始pH5．3、接种量10％、种龄6d,温度28℃、250ml摇瓶装液量80ml的条件下,黑木耳深层发酵结果最佳,在此基础上进行摇瓶发酵曲线测定。确定了黑木耳适宜发酵周期为96h,胞外多糖最高可达5.01g/L。     

姬松茸的研究与进展

概述了大型真菌姬松茸的生物学特性、保健功能以及近年来的研究进展,并对其主要功效物质如多糖等成分、姬松茸深层发酵技术的现状和菌丝体应用情况作了介绍。     

海洋细菌9912肽抗生素发酵条件优化研究

对海洋细菌 9912肽抗生素发酵培养基及培养条件进行了研究。结果表明 ,采用廉价的玉米粉、豆饼粉和葡萄糖即可得到良好的效果 ,比实验室培养基提高效价 11%。培养条件为 2 8℃ ,种龄 12h ,接种量 5 % ,发酵周期 2 0h。     

枯草芽孢杆菌突变株XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶发酵条件优化

通过单因素实验和响应面分析对枯草芽孢杆菌XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶的发酵产酶条件进行优化,实验结果表明:(1)种子最佳接种时间为对数后期(种龄20 h);(2)玉米粉和豆饼粉为发酵培养的最佳碳氮源;(3)通过对C/N(玉米粉:豆饼粉)、接种量和发酵液初始p H值这3个关键因素进行三因素三水平的响应面实验设计,优化得枯草芽孢杆菌XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶的最优发酵条件为:C/N为3.76∶1,接种量为10.46%,初始发酵p H为6.54。经过三批次发酵实验验证,最优条件下产酶活性提高至6 897 U/m L,发酵周期缩短至66 h,生产强度达到104.5 U/(m L·h),较优化前提高27.3%。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism