《资源昆虫》

<正> 由张传溪、许文华编著,1990年1月上海科学技术出版社出版,共168页。 该书共分6章:一、概论;二、工业原料资源昆虫;三、药用昆虫;四、食用昆虫和饲料昆虫;五、观赏昆虫;六、其它资源昆虫。该书介绍了我国资源昆虫开发利用概况及主要资源昆虫的经济意义、生物学特性、养殖方法等。该书是一本较为系统的介绍资源昆虫的书籍,可供从事昆虫专业、     

昆虫资源利用及其产业化进展

主要从食用昆虫、饲用昆虫、药用昆虫、工业原料昆虫、传粉昆虫、观赏娱乐昆虫、天敌昆虫、环保昆虫以及昆虫生物反应器和昆虫在仿生学上的应用等方面全面综述了昆虫资源的利用及其产业化进展.     

我国昆虫资源的开发利用

本文从食用昆虫,药用昆虫,工业用昆虫,农林牧用昆虫,观赏昆虫五个方面,简要概述了昆虫资源在我国的开发利用情况。     

庐山野生观赏灌木植物组成及景观应用

通过多年野外调查和查阅相关文献资料, 探讨庐山野生观赏灌木的组成。并统计整理出野生观赏灌木199 种,隶属于43 科、93 属, 提出了庐山观赏灌木的优势科、属; 按植物观赏部位的不同将观赏灌木划分为4 种类型。根据性状、观赏价值、适应能力、景观应用等特征, 筛选出105 种园林应用较好的野生观赏灌木, 并就该地野生观赏灌木保护利用提出了建议。     

湖北广水大贵寺国家森林公园昆虫区系调查和多样性研究

2008年7～8月,通过对湖北广水大贵寺国家森林公园昆虫群落的种类组成和区系成分进行调查研究,共记录昆虫纲19目168科658属933种,其中东洋界成分415种,占总数的44.48%;古北界成分203种,占总数的21.76%;广布种成分315种,占总数的33.76%.表明广水大贵寺国家森林公园是以东洋界昆虫占优,广布种成分居中,并有一定量古北界昆虫组成的过渡交混型昆虫区系,其比虫资源十分丰富,包括天敌昆虫、观赏昆虫、经济昆虫等,群落稳定性良好.还据此提出了大贵寺国家森林公园可持续性发展和物种多样性保护措施.     

资源昆虫开发与利用研讨会

<正> 由湖北省昆虫学会举办,1988年12月16—18日武汉华中农业大学召开。来自湖北、湖南、江西、广西、河南等省的科研、生产、教学等30多个单位100多名代表参加了会议。会议交流论文18篇,内容涉及工业、药用资源昆虫,食品、饮料及饲料昆虫,观赏昆虫及昆虫工艺品等。会议重点讨论了资源昆虫开发利用的潜力及可行性,提出了当前和今后资源     

谈谈昆虫资源的利用

近年来,人们除了热衷于传统的养蜂、养蚕外,又出现了饲养昆虫热,养虫业可说是方兴未艾,其用途涉及食品、医药、生物防治、工业原料、观赏工艺品、科学与仿生等方面。世界各国不断加大开发和利用昆虫资源的力度,取得了巨大的成果。本文对昆虫资源的开发和利用在１７个方面进行简述,希望能对昆虫的研究、饲养和利用有所裨益。１昆虫食品古今中外,食虫记载早已有之。我国早在２０００多年前的《周礼》中就有食蚂蚁的记载;利比亚的惹沙末尼斯人公元前５世纪也有食蝗虫的记载;在北京召开中国昆虫学会成立５０周年暨学术讨论会之际,柞蚕…     

贵州野生小檗科木本植物的园林观赏特性及用途

通过调查及查阅有关资料,对贵州省野生小檗科木本植物45种1变种的观赏生物学特性进行了研究,并叙述了这些观赏植物的园林用途。     

山东省忍冬科植物资源及其园林应用

忍冬科植物是优秀的园林观赏植物,其形态优美,不但可以观花赏果,还具芳香,为园林植物造景提供了广泛的资源。山东省忍冬科植物共有24种、4变种及2变型,但目前在园林应用中,尚未引起人们足够的重视和研究。文章简要介绍了山东省忍冬科植物的分布情况;通过分析忍冬科植物的观赏特性,探讨了它们的园林用途;最后对其开发利用和保护提出了建议。     

云南省野生观赏草资源研究

观赏草是一种新型的植物造景材料,在城市绿地建设和生态景观建设中有很大的应用价值,目前尚未引起国人的足够重视。通过对云南省野生观赏草资源现状的调查,得出云南省观赏草共有11科77属162种,主要集中在滇西北地区。根据调查结果,从园林应用和形态学角度出发,对云南地区观赏草种质资源进行株型、叶片、花序的观赏性分析。     

茶园蜘蛛、昆虫群落动态的研究

该文研究报道了皖南地区茶园蜘蛛、昆虫的种类和群落结构,结果如下:1.茶园中昆虫、蜘蛛种类有28个,其中5、6月群落中动物种类多,多样性指数大。调查期内,品种园内动物优势种是天敌。2.主成分分析(PCA)表明:在无人为干扰的品种园内,节肢动物群落结构稳定;进行化学防治的采摘茶园群落结构不稳定。此研究对于在茶园内合理使用农药、繁荣生物群落,提高茶叶品质有重要意义。     

茶园蜘蛛、昆虫群落动态的研究

该文研究报道了皖南地区茶园蜘蛛、昆虫的种类和群落结构,结果如下:1.茶园中昆虫、蜘蛛种类有28个,其中5、6月群落中动物种类多,多样性指数大。调查期内,品种园内动物优势种是天敌。2.主成分分析(PCA)表明:在无人为干扰的品种园内,节肢动物群落结构稳定;进行化学防治的采摘茶园群落结构不稳定。此研究对于在茶园内合理使用农药、繁荣生物群落,提高茶叶品质有重要意义。     

BOOK REVIEW

Flower power in the Australian bush and garden. The fascinating interrelationships between insects and plants . Jan Taylor. 80pp. Kangaroo Press. A$24.95.     

合肥郊区春季菜园和茶园昆虫群落的组成及差异

20 0 0年春对合肥郊区菜园和茶园进行了 5天 1次的系统调查 ,共发现菜园有 3 7科 49种昆虫和蜘蛛 ,主要害虫为小菜蛾、菜粉蝶、几种蚜虫和潜叶蝇 ;茶园有 3 1科 44种。重要害虫是茶蚜和黑刺粉虱等。菜园和茶园中主要天敌是黑带食蚜蝇、七星瓢虫、蚜茧蜂和斜纹猫蛛。自 4月中旬 ,菜园物种数、个体数和多样性指数明显增大。茶园物种数、个体数和多样性指数波动性稍小。菜园害虫种数较多 ,个体数波动较大。茶园中益害物种数之比是 1 0 0 ,菜园中则为 0 5 8。主成分分析显示茶园群落的稳定性稍强。     

Patch size has no effect on insect visitation rate per unit area in garden-scale flower patches

Previous studies investigating the effect of flower patch size on insect flower visitation rate have compared relatively large patches (10–1000s m²) and have generally found a negative relationship per unit area or per flower. Here, we investigate the effects of patch size on insect visitation in patches of smaller area (range c. 0.1–3.1 m²), which are of particular relevance to ornamental flower beds in parks and gardens. We studied two common garden plant species in full bloom with 6 patch sizes each: borage (Borago officinalis) and lavender (Lavandula × intermedia ‘Grosso’). We quantified flower visitation by insects by making repeated counts of the insects foraging at each patch. On borage, all insects were honey bees (Apis mellifera, n = 5506 counts). On lavender, insects (n = 737 counts) were bumble bees (Bombus spp., 76.9%), flies (Diptera, 22.4%), and butterflies (Lepidoptera, 0.7%). On both plant species we found positive linear effects of patch size on insect numbers. However, there was no effect of patch size on the number of insects per unit area or per flower and, on lavender, for all insects combined or only bumble bees. The results show that it is possible to make unbiased comparisons of the attractiveness of plant species or varieties to flower-visiting insects using patches of different size within the small scale range studied and make possible projects aimed at comparing ornamental plant varieties using existing garden flower patches of variable area.     

Les « jardins de fourmis,une association plantes-fourmis originale

The ant gardens of tropical America constitute one of the most unique forms of plant-insect associations. The ants that initiate these gardens belong to a limited number of species disparate from a phylogenetic point of view, but having the following two behavioural characteristics: (1) the capacity to build an arboreal nest rich in humus; and (2) an attraction towards the fruits and/or seeds of epiphytes that they retrieve to the nest and incorporate into its walls. The seeds then germinate, and produce a root system that reinforces the nest structure. The demographic growth of the ant colony is accompanied by an increase in the size of the nest which is the result of (1) the constant provisioning of diverse materials and seeds, and (2) the growth of the root system. Moreover, the volume of the ant garden increases as the host tree grows. An ant garden is an association which benefits both the ants and the epiphytes. In addition to the structural role played by their roots, the epiphytes often provide nourishment to the ants living in the ant gardens through fruits and extra-floral nectaries. In return, the ants disseminate the epiphyte seeds and protect the epiphytes from eventual defoliators. Different ant species can be found in the same garden. Such cohabitation can be the result of parabiosis, but, in the oldest gardens, certain ants are the secondary residents that partially or entirely excluded the ants that initiated the garden. An ant garden constitutes a relatively stable nesting site, something rather rare in this environment, such that different parts of the garden can be occupied by numerous Arthropods (including other social insects such as stingless-bees) on the condition that these insects can cohabit with the ants. As such, an ant garden can constitute a veritable microecosystem. While it is not possible to demonstrate a strict or obligate interspecific relationship between ant and plant species, only several rare species among the numerous neotropical epiphytes are involved and a certain number of preferences can be underlined. We present here in detail the characteristics of the ant gardens initiated in French Guiana by the parabiotic associations Crematogaster limata parabiotica/Camponotusfemoratus, and by the ants Pachycondyla goeldii and Odontomachus mayi.     

Development and reproduction of Bemisia tabaci （Homoptera： Aleyrodidae） on three bean species

Abstract The development, survivorship and reproduction of Bemisia tabaci B-biotype on three bean species were studied at 26±1°C in the laboratory. The developmental periods from egg to adult varied from 27.80 days on garden beans to 18.20 days on soybeans. The survivorship from egg to adult on soybeans, cowpeas and garden beans was 77.14, 70.14 and 64.28%, respectively. The average longevity of female adults ranged from 12.30 days on soybeans to 9.80 days on garden beans, and the oviposition of B. tabaci varied from 160.85 eggs on soybeans to 98.00 eggs on garden beans. Life table parameters were calculated as biological attributes for Bemisia tabaci populations fed on three bean species. The results indicated that the intrinsic rate of increase (r_m), the finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate (R₀) were high for populations fed on soybeans, with values of 0.1857, 1.2041 and 82.1576, respectively. The corresponding values were less for populations fed on garden beans, with values of 0.1097, 1.1159 and 31.2661, respectively. The parametric values for cowpeas were intermediate between soybeans and garden beans but no significant difference were observed for the r_m values for soybeans and cowpeas. Experimental evidence in our investigation indicated that Bemisia tabaci is best adapted and shows the greatest preference for soybean of the three bean species tested in this study.     

茶刺蛾颗粒体病毒的分离与鉴定

茶刺蛾[Darna trima(more)]＊属鳞翅目刺蛾科,危害多种果树林木。1985年我们从四川珙县某茶园内自然罹病死亡的茶刺蛾幼虫中,分离到一种茶刺蛾病原物。通过纯化后,经感染试验、电镜形态观察、超微结构研究等,结果确定该病原物为一种颗粒体病毒。     

乡村景观评价研究进展及其指标体系初探

随着我国加入世界贸易组织后,更加开放乡村发展环境,乡村将面临着前所未有的变化。乡村景观评价作为乡村景观规划与设计的基础工作之一,其根本任务是建立一套指标体系对乡村景观所发挥的经济价值、社会价值、生态价值和美学价值进行合理评价,揭示现有乡村景观中存在的问题和确定将来发展的方向,为乡村景观规划与设计提供依据。本文概述了国内外乡村景观评价的研究现状。从乡村景观所具有的3种功能出发,初步构建了目标层、项目层、因素层和指标层4个层次的评价指标体系,包括社会效应、生态质量和美感效果三方面。     

Ocurrence of the antibiotic producing bacterium Burkholderia sp. in colonies of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa

Fungus garden material from recently established Atta sexdens rubropilosa colonies (6-12 months old) was sampled to detect antibiotic producing microorganisms that inhibited the growth of pathogens of insects and of the fungus gardens but did not affect their mutualistic fungus. A bacterium with activity against the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was isolated from 56% of the gardens tested (n=57) and identified from its biochemical profile and from 16S and 23S ribosomal DNA sequences as a member of the genus Burkholderia. The ant-associated Burkholderia isolates secreted a potent, anti-fungal agent that inhibited germination of conidia of the entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, of the saprophytic Verticillium lecanii, and also of a specialist fungus garden Escovopsis weberi. Growth of the ant's mutualist fungus was unaffected.