盐度对裸项栉鰕虎鱼繁殖和生长的影响

目的探索裸项栉鰕虎鱼繁殖和育苗的适宜盐度。方法比较不同盐度梯度条件下裸项栉鰕虎鱼的产卵率、孵化率和生长存活情况。结果裸项栉鰕虎鱼性腺成熟、产卵和孵化的适宜盐度为10‰-20‰,过低或过高盐度该鱼产卵量少,孵化率极低;适宜的盐度有利于裸项栉鰕虎鱼的生长。结论裸项栉鰕虎鱼适盐范围广,适宜的繁殖、生长盐度较低。     

盐度和pH突变对不同日龄裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼存活的影响

目的研究盐度和pH突变对裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼存活率的影响。方法实验选取了五个不同日龄（2d、4d．6d、8d和10d）的仔鱼,设置了7个不同盐度突变水平（O、10、20、30、40、50和60）和6个pH突变水平（5、6、7、8、9和10）。结果96h的实验结果表明,日龄、盐度和pH均对裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼的存活率产生影响,随日龄的增大,各处理组仔鱼存活率升高;0和60的盐度以及pH为10的各组裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼死亡。结论裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼对于一定范围内盐度（10—50）和pH（5—9）的突变具有很好的适应性。     

Cu^2＋和十二烷基硫酸钠对裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼急性毒性影响

目的研究Cu^2＋和SDS对裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼存活率的影响,了解裸项栉鰕虎鱼的毒性敏感性。方法实验选取了五个不同日龄的仔鱼,设置了8个不同Cu^2＋浓度水平和7个SDS浓度水平,实验时间为96 h。结果日龄、Cu^2＋浓度和SDS浓度均对裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼的存活率产生影响,随日龄的增加,各处理组仔鱼存活率均升高。结论实验结果表明裸项栉鰕虎鱼用于生物毒性检测,具有比同类生物更宽的适用范围、更适宜的毒性敏感性。     

裸项栉鰕虎鱼消化系统组织形态学观察

目的 研究裸项栉缎虎鱼消化系统的组织形态学.方法 对裸项栉鰕虎鱼进行解剖,并测量和计算肠道系数、食道长度等数据;制作组织切片,采用光镜技术对消化系统的组织器官进行观察分析.结果 裸项栉鰕虎鱼的消化系统由消化管和消化腺组成,其中消化管包括口咽、食道、胃、小肠和大肠等,消化腺包括肝脏和胰腺.咽部上皮和食道上皮为复层扁平上皮,内有较多的杯状细胞和黏液腺,食道肌层为横纹肌.胃上皮为单层柱状上皮,胃底腺主要位于胃体部的固有层中.肠黏膜向肠腔突起形成许多皱襞,肠上皮为单层柱状上皮,上皮中有数量不等的杯状细胞.肠道系数(IC)约为0.30.胃和肠的肌层都为平滑肌.肝细胞中含有丰富的脂滴,在HE染色标本中因脂滴被溶解而呈大小不等的空泡.胰腺包括外分泌部和内分泌部,外分泌部是浆液腺,内分泌部又称胰岛,主要由内分泌细胞组成.结论 裸项栉鰕虎鱼的消化系统组织形态学与其杂食性相适应,本研究可为裸项栉鰕虎鱼的实验动物化提供支持.     

非离子氨和亚硝酸氮对虾虎鱼仔鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度评价

目的检测非离子氨和亚硝酸氮对鱼类的生态毒性效应。方法在水温（25±1）℃、溶氧（6.07～6.77）mg/L、盐度30～31、pH8.0～8.2的条件下,采用半静水式生物毒性试验方法研究了非离子氨和亚硝酸氮对裸项栉虾虎鱼（Ctenogobius gymnauchen）仔鱼的急性毒性效应（非离子氨浓度梯度设置为0、0.413、0.735、1.309、2.329、4.147 mg/L,亚硝酸氮浓度梯度设置为0、3.0、4.14、5.713、7.884、10.88 g/L）。结果非离子氨和亚硝酸氮暴露后仔鱼出现呆滞、侧游、呼吸困难、体色变白、身体弯曲等中毒症状,且随着暴露浓度的升高与暴露时间的延长,死亡率逐渐增加,存在明显的剂量效应关系和时间效应关系;非离子氨和亚硝酸氮对裸项栉虾虎鱼仔鱼96 hLC50分别为9.1 mg/L和12.405 g/L,其安全浓度分别为0.91 mg/L和1.2405 g/L。结论裸项栉虾虎鱼对非离子氨和亚硝酸氮具有较强的耐受力,非离子氨对裸项栉虾虎鱼仔鱼的毒性显著大于亚硝酸氮。     

波氏吻鰕虎鱼的胚胎发育

对波氏吻鰕虎鱼的胚胎发育进行了观察,详细描述了发育各期的形态特征和时序.在水温23.7～26.1 ℃条件下,受精卵历时59 h 28 min 孵出,所需积温为1480.7℃.胚胎发育可划分为6个阶段,33个发育时期.孵化率约50%.初孵仔鱼平均全长3.61 mm.     

裸项栉鰕虎鱼感染创伤弧菌初报

目的分离及鉴定感染实验用鰕虎鱼的病原菌。方法将病料分离培养,纯化培养后,用16s rRNA及生理生化方法鉴定病原菌。结果分离到了革兰阴性弧菌,命名为:GDLAMI-1210株,显微镜下观察为逗点样形态,电镜下可看到菌的一端钝圆,一端长杆弯曲的鞭毛,生理生化鉴定结果与弧菌一致,16s rRNA测序结果与创伤弧菌标准菌株(ATCC27562T)等聚为一类菌,回归实验证实该菌对裸项栉鰕虎鱼有一定的致病性。结论裸项栉鰕虎鱼感染创伤弧菌初报。     

子陵栉鰕虎鱼繁殖特性、胚胎及仔鱼的发育

子陵栉(鰕)虎鱼(Ctenogobius giurinus)在嘉陵江中游南充段繁殖期在4～6月,产卵时间持续2～3h,每间隔1～2min交尾一次,每次交尾产卵30～50枚,累计产卵可达1000～1600枚.多数时间由雄性亲鱼负责孵卵,当雄性亲鱼出巢摄食时,由雌性亲鱼替代孵卵.成熟卵产出时为球形,卵径0.453～0.644mm,具黏性,呈淡黄色,半透明,油球1～30个,其中大油球1～4个.受精4min后吸水膨胀成椭圆形.根据其胚胎发育过程的形态特征,胚胎发育全程可划分为7个阶段:受精卵胚盘形成阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠胚阶段、神经胚形成阶段、器官形成阶段和孵化出膜阶段.在水温22.3～25.7℃的条件下,胚胎发育共需109h52min.出膜前的器官分化程度高,胸鳍原基、鳃板、半规管、鳔、下颌及颌齿在出膜前均已存在,初孵仔鱼全长2.485～2.640mm,体高O.350～O.460 mm,初孵仔鱼至卵黄囊消失需要4d,至油球消失约6d.     

线纹尖塘鳢仔、稚鱼的形态发育

对池养条件下线纹尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris lineolatus)的胚后发育进行定期观察,胚后发育大致可分为前期仔鱼、后期仔鱼、稚鱼和幼成鱼期。观察发现,线纹尖塘鳢的初孵仔鱼个体较小,仅2.875mm,前期仔鱼,包括混合营养仔鱼期,时间短,仅为5d,属较早建立起外源性营养摄食机制的鱼类;器官发育主要在后期仔鱼阶段完成;鳞的出现和鳞被形成在稚鱼发育阶段完成;在池塘自然水温26~30℃条件下,从初孵仔鱼到稚鱼发育期完成历时43~44d。     

粘皮鲻虎鱼胚胎及仔鱼的发育

粘皮鲻鰕虎鱼(Mugilogobius myxodermus)的卵产出时为球型,直径0.40~0.60mm,具黏性,卵颜色淡黄,半透明,油球多且数量不固定。受精5~10min后吸水膨胀成椭圆形。水温16~18℃的条件下,胚胎发育共需138h。初孵仔鱼体长2.30~3.10mm,体高0.35~0.40mm,总肌节29~30。出膜30min~24h内鳔充气,从孵出到各鳍分化完全约需要40d。     

拟赤梢鱼的胚胎发育和仔稚鱼生长特性观察

为阐明拟赤梢鱼(Pseudaspius leptocephalus)胚胎发育和仔稚鱼发育特点,采用人工催产的方式获得受精卵,观察分析了拟赤梢鱼胚胎发育和仔稚发育的时序特征.结果表明:拟赤梢鱼成熟卵粒为黄色圆球形,平均卵径为(1.77±0.20)mm,遇水具微黏性;在水温23℃条件下,胚胎发育经历合子期、卵裂期、囊胚期、...     

西藏双须叶须鱼早期发育特征

通过双须叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus dipogon Regan)早期发育特征研究, 旨在为该鱼的科学保护和合理开发提供技术支撑。结果显示: 双须叶须鱼卵径3.7—3.9 mm, 吸水后的卵径可达5.1—5.3 mm。在水温10℃左右的条件下, 经历336.02h孵化出膜。根据胚胎的外部形态特征可将胚胎发育分为准备卵裂阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠阶段、神经胚阶段、器官分化阶段、孵化阶段共7个阶段34个时期。初孵仔鱼全长12.4 mm, 第1天体色素出现, 胸鳍上翘, 鳃盖骨出现, 下颌原基出现; 第2天鳃弓原基出现; 第3天消化道出现, 肝胰脏原基出现; 第4天鳃耙出现, 体表色素细胞带出现; 第5天口凹形成, 鳃丝形成; 第6天胸鳍褶, 背鳍褶, 腹鳍褶出现; 第7天鼻凹出现, 星芒状色素团出现; 第9天鳔前原基出现; 第11天尾鳍鳍条开始出现, 胸鳍开始颤动; 第13天鳔1室出现, 半规管形成; 第17天背鳍分化出来; 第21天腹部鳍褶变大, 舌颌骨清晰可见; 第28天脾脏出现; 第33天出现腹鳍鳍条; 第34天鳞片出现; 第85天稚鱼的形态与成鱼无异。双须叶须鱼是已报道裂腹鱼类卵径最大, 较四大家鱼卵周隙小, 是对高原隆起所导致的高寒自然环境的一种适应。     

Morphological development of the swim bladder in hatchery-reared striped trumpeter Latris lineata

This study examined swim bladder morphogenesis in three cohorts of striped trumpeter (Latris lineata), a euphysoclist species with physostomous larvae. The swim bladder was first discernible 1–2 days after hatching as an evagination on the dorsal surface of the incipient digestive tract. It comprised a cluster of mesenchymal cells surrounding an inner primordium of epithelial cells. At mouth opening in larvae of 5.3 mm standard length (SL), the swim bladder was noticeably enlarged. Histologically, the swim bladder lumen was dilated and liquid filled. The pneumatic duct was first seen during the dilation stage and the rete mirabile began forming among the connective tissue surrounding the swim bladder. Initial swim bladder inflation occurred on day 11 post‐hatching in Cohort 1, at 14°C, and day 9 post‐hatching, in Cohorts 2 and 3, at 16°C. Histologically, the lumens of inflated swim bladders were ellipsoid and the epithelium was squamous, except for cuboidal gas gland cells at the anterio‐ventral and anterio‐lateral regions of the swim bladder. During the initial inflation interval the pneumatic duct was dilated in larvae both with and without swim bladder inflation. The pneumatic duct began to regress in some larvae over 7.5 mm SL. The swim bladder of striped trumpeter was similar to larvae of other altricial perciform marine fish in respect to organ derivation, tissue differentiation, luminal dilation and initial gaseous inflation. However, variations, particularly the delay in initial swim bladder inflation until after the start of feeding, were observed that could be fundamental to problems encountered during larval rearing.     

齐口裂腹鱼耳石早期生长发育与日轮特征研究

文章研究了在实验室条件下齐口裂腹鱼仔稚鱼耳石早期形态发育与生长特点、第一轮纹出现时间和轮纹沉积规律。结果表明: 在13.5-17.2℃孵化条件下,微耳石和矢耳石在出膜前形成,而星耳石于出膜后第12天出现。在仔稚鱼生长过程中,微耳石由近圆形发育成贻贝形,矢耳石经历近圆形、锲形后发育为箭矢状,星耳石形状由近圆形发育为星芒状。微耳石的前区、背区和腹区及矢耳石的背区和腹区生长呈幂函数关系,而微耳石的后区、矢耳石前区和后区生长以及两对耳石的前后区半径之和与全长均呈线性相关。在(18.50.5)℃和(15.61.1)℃条件下,50%矢耳石样本第一轮纹均在出膜后第 2 天形成(分别为出膜后18h和19h),以后每天形成一轮。微耳石和矢耳石轮纹数均与日龄呈线性相关,方程斜率均与1差异不显著(P0.05),表明两对耳石的轮纹沉积均为日周期性。这些结果为研究齐口裂腹鱼野生种群繁殖期和早期生活史特征等生态学问题提供了重要依据。     

Peculiarities of embryonic development of round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Gobiidae) in fresh water

The results obtained indicate the potential of the round goby to reproduce in fresh water, which may result in further expansion of the species to upper reaches of rivers and to other water bodies (lakes, dam reservoirs). Embryonic development of the round goby in fresh water proceeded in a regular manner. However, embryonic development in fresh water took a shorter time than in saline water. Although the newly hatched larvae were somewhat smaller than those hatching from eggs kept in saline water, the hatching rate was high (90%). If the species finds conditions suitable for reproduction in Polish freshwater bodies, it may pose a threat to numerous native freshwater fish species by taking over both their feeding and reproductive niches.     

Validation of daily increment formation in otoliths for Gymnocypris selincuoensis in the Tibetan Plateau,China

Daily increment validation in fish otolith is fundamental to studies on fish otolith microstructure, age determination and life history traits, and thus is critical for species conservation and fishery management. However, it has never been done for Schizothoracine fish, which is the dominant component of fish fauna in the Tibetan Plateau. This study validated the daily increment formation of Gymnocypris selincuoensis, as a representative of Schizothoracine fish, by monitoring the growth of hatchery‐reared larvae group and wild‐caught post‐yolk‐sac larvae group under controlled experiments. The results from monitoring the hatchery‐reared larvae group showed that sagittae and lapilli were found in yolk‐sac larvae, and formed 5–7 days before hatching, but asterisci were not found until 11 days post‐hatching. The first increment in sagittae and lapilli was formed in the first day after hatching. The daily periodicity of increment formation was examined and confirmed in sagittae and lapilli of both larvae groups. However, sagittae were better for age determination than lapilli for larvae at earlier days. For larval G. selincuoensis older than 50 days, lapilli were the only otolith pair suitable for larvae daily age determination. This study validated the daily increment formation in Schizothoracine fish for the first time has primary implications to other fishes from this subfamily.     

Early ontogeny of Ancherythroculter nigrocauda and effects of delayed first feeding on larvae

Development of embryos and larvae in Ancherythroculter nigrocauda Yih et Woo (1964) and effects of delayed first feeding on larvae were observed after artificial fertilization. The fertilized eggs were incubated at an average temperature of 26.5°C (range: 25.7–27) and the larvae reared at temperatures ranging from 21.8 to 28°C. First cleavage was at 50 min, epiboly began at 7 h 5 min, heartbeat reached 72 per min at 24 h 40 min and hatching occurred at 43 h 15 min after insemination. Mean total length of newly hatched larvae was 4.04 ± 0.03 mm (n = 15). A one‐chambered gas bladder was observed at 70 h 50 min, two chambers occurred at 15 days, and scales appeared approximately 30 days after hatching. Larvae began to feed exogenously at day 4 post‐hatch at an average temperature of 24°C. Food deprivation resulted in a progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle fibres, deterioration of the larval digestive system and cessation of organ differentiation. Larval growth under food deprivation was significantly affected by the time of first exogenous feeding. Starved larvae began to shrink, with negative growth from day 6 post‐hatch. The point of no return (PNR) was reached at day 11 after hatching. Mortality of starved larvae increased sharply from day 12 after hatching.