He-Ne激光照射对血液及其组分荧光光谱影响的实验研究

为研究弱激光照射对人血液携氧能力的影响及机制,我们用荧光仪分别测量了He-Ne激光照射前后正常血液及其组分（血浆、红细胞）的荧光光谱,研究了激光照射导致的光谱变化,并分析了光谱变化与血液携氧能力改变的关系。实验结果显示：全血液标本在490nm及614nm附近有荧光峰值;血浆的荧光则主要分布在420－500nm之间;红细胞在500nm及614nm附近有荧光。He-Ne激光照射后,全血液及红细胞在614nm处的荧光谱都有较明显的变化,且较相似。由此可得出结论,He-Ne激光照射可影响血液的携氧能力。     

850 nm波长微激光对肥大细胞脱颗粒及释放组胺的影响

目的:研究850 nm波长微激光对肥大细胞(RBL-2H3 (Rat basophilic leukemia))照射后组胺释放的影响.方法:肥大细胞铺于96板上,密度为5×104/孔,12 h后细胞经D-Hank's缓冲液清洗3次用于实验.肥大细胞经微激光照射15 min后,轻轻吸取细胞上清液,加入等量0.1 mmol/L的邻苯二甲醛,充分混匀,室温下反应20 min后,于荧光酶标仪上测量混合物的荧光光谱.结果:微激光照射之后的肥大细胞上清液,能发出440 nm左右的荧光,说明850 nm微激光能使肥大细胞脱颗粒,从而判断850 nm微激光能作为仿灸仪器的光源.     

激光照射血液荧光光谱的初步研究

采用ＯＭＡ—ＩＩ微弱信号检测系统研究了人血液荧光光谱在激光照射下的变化情况。结果表明：在６３２．８ｎｍＨｅＮｅ激光诱导下,不同血液在６７０ｎｍ,７３０ｎｍ,９８１ｎｍ附近出现三个荧光峰;荧光强度在一定范围内与照射激光功率呈线性变化关系;随着激光照射时间的增加,三个峰位上的荧光强度下降,８分钟后趋于稳定值;在激光照射过程中,三个峰位出现不同数值的移动,同时在６７０ｎｍ和７３０ｎｍ两个荧光峰之间出现了竞争。     

超短脉冲技术测量癌细胞荧光光谱与荧光寿命

研究用于癌症诊断与治疗的光敏剂血卟啉（hematoporphyrin derivative,HPD）的超快光动力学过程,采用超短脉冲激光光谱技术和皮秒时间相关单光子计数系统,测量经血卟啉培养的活体癌细胞与正常细胞的荧光光谱、荧光寿命特性及荧光峰值强度随时间变化曲线,并测量单一细胞内部不同位置的荧光寿命特性,观测到：癌细胞样品在645 nm处具有特有的光谱谱峰;癌细胞样品荧光寿命的快成分约150 ps慢成分约1200 ps,而正常细胞样品快成分约300 ps慢成分约2500 ps;癌细胞样品的荧光峰值强度经12小时衰减约10%,而正常细胞样品衰减约55%;在细胞内部荧光寿命300 ps的快成分十分显著,且中心部位血卟啉浓度最高.癌细胞与正常细胞的荧光光谱、荧光寿命特性及荧光峰值强度随时间变化曲线相差十分明显,反映了癌细胞与正常细胞对血卟啉亲和特性有显著的差异,测量结果确认了荧光光谱技术诊断与治疗癌症的可行性,并对发展超短脉冲激光光谱技术早期诊断与治疗癌症具有重要的指导意义和临床应用价值.     

共振喇曼光谱技术在恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的:探讨共振喇曼光谱技术用于早期恶性肿瘤诊断的研究。方法:利用氩离子激光作为线偏振光的特点,采集偏振荧光光谱,对荧光光谱的偏振态进行分析。利用不同荧光物质的荧光可能具有不同偏振态的特点减少其它荧光物质的荧光对光谱分析的影响。血清样品产生的荧光也具有确定的偏振性。对所检测病人血清经激光分析仪进行喇曼光谱技术分析,光谱数据经计算机软件处理,自动显示图谱和数据,并直接给出各项指标及诊断提示。本结果与细胞病理学结果进行了对照研究。结果:恶性肿瘤样本176例,检测出阳性病例141例,阳性符合率为80.1%;良性肿瘤样本52例,4例阳性,假阳性率为7.7%;正常体检样本248例,检测结果均为阴性。结论:喇曼光谱技术适用于肿瘤初筛、普查及早期诊断,有推广应用前途。     

共振喇曼光谱技术在恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的：探讨共振喇曼光谱技术用于早期恶性肿瘤诊断的研究。方法：利用氩离子激光作为线偏振光的特点,采集偏振荧光光谱,对荧光光谱的偏振态进行分析。利用不同荧光物质的荧光可能具有不同偏振态的特点减少其它荧光物质的荧光对光谱分析的影响。血清样品产生的荧光也具有确定的偏振性。对所检测病人血清经激光分析仪进行喇曼光谱技术分析,光谱数据经计算机软件处理,自动显示图谱和数据,并直接给出各项指标及诊断提示。本结果与细胞病理学结果进行了对照研究。结果：恶性肿瘤样本176例,检测出阳性病例141例,阳性符合率为80.1%;良性肿瘤样本52例,4例阳性,假阳性率为7.7%;正常体检样本248例,检测结果均为阴性。结论：喇曼光谱技术适用于肿瘤初筛、普查及早期诊断,有推广应用前途。     

用于浮游植物探测的三维激光诱导荧光光谱系统

本文介绍一个针对浮游植物现场探测的三维激光诱导荧光（3D-LIF）光谱系统。该系统以波长可调谐激光器为光源,使用光栅光谱仪进行光谱分光,输出光谱范围380 nm ～800 nm,并选用32通道光电倍增管模组作为光电探测器。光栅光谱仪和光电倍增管模组之间的耦合选用芯径0．2 mm 的光纤束,对应光谱分辨率约为3 nm,以此采集接收的31通道发射荧光光谱,其光谱范围为410 nm ～710 nm,光谱带宽约10 nm。光电转换电路的模拟带宽约为20 MHz,数据采集频率50 MHz,分辨率14 bit。基于研发的光谱系统,采用光学参量放大器（OPO）以获得405 nm ～615 nm 可调谐激发光源,在实验室对三十余种中国海常见的浮游植物的3D-LIF 光谱进行了测量。测量结果证实了系统的稳定性和用于藻种分类和识别研究的有效性。系统中的激光器和望远镜可灵活更换,接收的光谱范围和光谱分辨率等参数可便利调节,因此,该系统可望发展成为用于现场探测的3D-LIF 光谱系统。     

癌症病人血液的荧光光谱研究

研究了癌症病人全血、血浆和血红蛋白的激发波长—发射波长—荧光光强三维光谱,观察到特征谱带625nm的荧光本原物质存在于血红蛋白部分,比较了十五种癌症(28例),十例非癌症病人和健康人血液在625nm带的荧光强度.     

癌症病人血液的荧光光谱研究

研究了癌症病人全血、血浆和血红蛋白的激发波长—发射波长—荧光光强三维光谱,观察到特征谱带625nm的荧光本原物质存在于血红蛋白部分,比较了十五种癌症(28例),十例非癌症病人和健康人血液在625nm带的荧光强度.     

光化学反应诱导大鼠视网膜水肿模型

目的:通过静脉注射光敏剂Erythrosin B联合激光照射诱导大鼠视网膜水肿模型,并观察该模型中大鼠视网膜及血管形态改变.方法:大鼠尾静脉注射光敏剂Erythrosin B后,使用532nm Nd:YAG激光(1.95±0.05 mw)照射大鼠视网膜8分钟.分别于建模后第1、2、3、5、7及14天进行眼底照相、眼底荧光造影(FFA)及视网膜光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查.并在OCT图像上测量大鼠视网膜厚度(RT).结果:眼底照相、FFA及OCT结果显示大鼠视网膜在激光照射后可立即出现血管损伤及视网膜厚度增加,但未发现视网膜血管栓塞.激光照射前RT为219±2 μm,激光照射后第1天RT即增加至283±6μm,并在第2天到达顶峰(302±7μm),之后开始下降,至第5天恢复到激光照射前水平(234±9 μm),到第14天时视网膜发生明显萎缩,RT较激光处理前减小(198±6μm).结论:这一通过光化学反应诱导的视网膜水肿模型具有可靠及可重复性,可被运用于视网膜水肿的病理学及动力学研究.     

Testosterone and Regional Fat Distribution

The effects of testosterone treatment of abdominally obese men have been assessed by evaluating the following parameters: The metabolic activity of different adipose tissue regions in vivo (using lipid label as a tracer) and in vitro (measuring lipoprotein lipase(LPL) activity), the total and visceral adipose tissue mass, insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure as well as prostate volume. Middle-aged men with abdominal obesity were treated with transdermal administration of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo (P) during 9 months. The study was double-blind. Treatment with T was followed by an inhibited uptake of lipid label in adipose tissue triglycerides, a decreased LPL-activity and an increased turn-over rate of lipid label in the abdominal adipose tissue region in comparisons with the DHT and P groups. These effects on adipose tissue metabolism were not detected in the femoral adipose tissue region in any of the groups. T treatment was also followed by a specific decrease of visceral fat mass (measured by CT-scan), by increased insulin sensitivity (measured with the euglycemic glucose clamp), by a decrease in fasting blood glucose, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides as well as a decrease in diastolic blood pressure. In the DHT group an increased visceral mass was detected. No other changes in these variables were found in the DHT and P groups. There were no detectable changes in prostate volume (measured by ultra-sound), prostate specific antigen concentration, genito-urinary history or urinary flow measurements in any of the groups. It is suggested that T substitution to a selected group of men results in general metabolic and circulatory improvements. The prostate area needs further careful attention.     

Effects of frequent multiple plateletpheresis on complete blood count values of blood donors

The use of apheresis technique to collect platelets has rapidly increased in recent years. With an increased demand for plateletpheresis, higher donation frequencies are now observed. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in complete blood count values after frequent multiple plateletpheresis. A total of seventy-four blood donors were selected, from which complete blood count values in the first and the last screening were taken. There were fifty-four high frequency donors(13.0±2.6 plateletpheresis/year) and twenty low frequency donors(6.6±0.5 plateletpheresis/year). The results showed that complete blood count values at the first and last screening after plateletpheresis of both groups were within the normal range, and changes in their WBC, RBC and PLT values were not statistically significant(P>0.05, P>0.05, and P>0.05, respectively). The study suggests that frequent multiple plateletpheresis has no effects on complete blood count, and no adverse effects on blood donors.     

Hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine by midgut homogenates of the stable fly

Qualitative and quantitative analyses were made to characterize the enzymatic degradation of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine by midgut homogenates of the adult stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). The results indicated that sphingomyelin was hydrolyzed by an enzyme with sphingomyelinase-like properties, and that phosphatidylcholine was hydrolyzed by an enzyme with properties similar to phospholipase C. The optimum pH for the sphingomyelinase was 7.6, and the rate of hydrolysis of sphingomyelin at that pH was linear from 1 to 4 nmol of substrate and 5 to 25 micrograms of enzyme preparation. Dialysis of the homogenates against Tris-HCl and imidazole buffers resulted in a decrease of sphingomyelinase activity by 59% and 98%, respectively, and the original activity was not restored with the addition of Ca++, Mg++, or Mn++.     

临床标本采集量对凝血系统检测结果的影响

目的：探讨临床标本采血量的准确性对凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）测定的影响。方法：用BE-RockRotor全自动血凝仪和配套试剂分别对15例临床患者不同抽血量标本进行检测,观察不同的采血量对PT、APTT检测结果的影响,并将所得检测结果采用统计方法处理。结果：与标准采血量为1．8mL相比,采血量大于或小于1．8mL时测得的PTT、APTT结果有显著性差异。结论：临床标本采集量对凝血系统检测结果的准确性有直接影响;必须严格按照标准采血量规定采集标本,才能确保凝血系统检测结果的准确,为病人疾病的诊断提供可靠的实验室依据。     

Erythrocyte antigens in Norwegian goats: serological and genetic studies.

Goat alloantisera and bovine blood typing reagents were used to characterize eight erythrocyte antigen specificities in Norwegian goats by cluster analysis, absorption and family studies. Most of the goat sera were produced by injecting dams once or twice with blood cells or blood from their own kids. The characterized specificities were designated N1-N8. The two specificities N5 and N8 were recognized both by goat alloantisera and by reagents against the bovine factors E'1 and E'2 (N5) and I (N8), which are allelic factors in the bovine B-system. In goat families, the two specificities also behaved as alleles. Consequently, the locus or gene system coding for these specificities was called the B-system of goats. The six other erythrocyte antigens were provisionally assigned to six separate loci. In addition, a bovine anti-sheep R factor reagent reacted with cells from 3.3% of the goats tested, whereas a monoclonal antibody against the Forssman antigen reacted with all the goats tested.     

Low frequency flowmotion/(vasomotion) during patho-physiological conditions

The role of low frequency flowmotion in physiological or pathophysiological settings is unclear.We performed various series of experiments in young anesthetized New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits. Many animals exhibited flowmotion during control conditions. However, they very often seemed to be in unstable physiological conditions, and our preset inclusion criteria (as to arterial pressure and blood gases) were frequently not met.Therefore, in a first series, we correlated these systematically with the incidence of flowmotion. Eleven of 35 anesthetized rabbits, subjected to extensive surgery, showed flowmotion with a median frequency of 1.5 cpm and a relative "amplitude" of 32%. Arterial pressure was 10 mmHg lower, bicarbonate, base-excess, and PCO(2) values and relative blood flow were also significantly lower compared to animals not exhibiting flowmotion.In a second series, we tested whether flowmotion could be induced by an isolated metabolic acidosis in animals meeting the inclusion criteria and not showing flowmotion at control. Here, flowmotion was induced in 9/10 cases (p < 0.01) 30 min after the start of an HCl-infusion.In a third study, we related the onset of flowmotion to the pressure/flow autoregulation curve. At locally reduced blood pressure all 23 rabbits exhibited flowmotion (p < 0,00001) in the gastrocnemius and the tenuissimus muscles, with maximum flowmotion at a locally reduced blood pressure of 30 mmHg; the LDF-flux level showing 67% of control flow.These results support the concept that low frequency periodic hemodynamics are a characteristic of pathophysiological conditions like hypoperfusion or acidosis rather than indicating a normal physiological state.     

华北地区汉族的Lewis、ABO、MN、Rh、P等血型系统和ABH分泌型的分布

调查了原籍华北地区汉族的ABO、Lewis、MN、Rh、P等血型系统和ABH分泌型的分布,结果表明:O型(33.44％)和B型(29.38％)较多;N型(27.97％)略多于M型(27.65％);Le(a )型的频率很高(24.17％)。在94人中还发现四名Le(a )型属于ABH分泌型,且都属于分泌A或B血型物质的类型,无一例为分泌H血型物质的类型;Rh(D)阴性率仅0.3％,CCDee和CcDE型占75％以上;P_1( )型占39.1％;ABH分泌型占72％,低于全国其他民族中已知的分布。     

Frequencies of ABO, Rh and Kell phenotypes in couples from Han, Kazak, Uyghur and Hui in Xinjiang: an inheritance simulation model for blood group incompatibility in new-born

The Xinjiang region with residents from more than 13 minorities represents an area of many diverse ethnicities. This ethnic diversity in relation to their blood groups and immune status may have a consequential impact on the clinical status of married couples. To evaluate the risks of haemolytic disease in new-born infants, we investigated the rate of blood-group incompatibility among 487 married couples from four ethnic minorities, namely the Han, Hui, Uyghur and Kazak populations. Han minority married couples showed significantly different ABO, Rh and K phenotype frequencies between marrial relationship, whereas there was no significant difference in ABO, Rh and K phenotypes between the Uyghur, Hui and Kazak .There was a significant difference between ABO blood types in Han married couples, in the Kazak Rh-C phenotype and in the Uyghur Rh-D phenotype. The Hui married couples only demonstrated ABO, Rh and K phenotypes. The Hui minority showed the highest incompatibility rate for Rh-C and Rh-E phenotypes between mothers and their new-born infants. The highest incompatibility rate for the ABO phenotype occurred in the Kazak group. These results particularly demonstrate the clinical issues relating to ABO and Rh incompatibility, in the Kazak and Hui minorities, respectively.     

Time-dependent spatial specificity of high-resolution fMRI: insights into mesoscopic neurovascular coupling

High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is becoming increasingly popular because of the growing availability of ultra-high magnetic fields which are capable of improving sensitivity and spatial resolution. However, it is debatable whether increased spatial resolutions for haemodynamic-based techniques, like fMRI, can accurately detect the true location of neuronal activity. We have addressed this issue in functional columns and layers of animals with haemoglobin-based optical imaging and different fMRI contrasts, such as blood oxygenation level-dependent, cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume fMRI. In this review, we describe empirical evidence primarily from our own studies on how well these fMRI signals are spatially specific to the neuronally active site and discuss insights into neurovascular coupling at the mesoscale.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Key relationships between non-invasive functional neuroimaging and the underlying neuronal activity’.     

我国山药类药材对动物降血糖和降血脂的作用

我国山药类药材对动物降血糖和降血脂的作用杭悦宇（江苏省植物研究所,中国科学院植物研究所,南京２１００１４）ｐｈａｒｍａｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｏｎｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｈｅｂｌｏｏｄｓｕｇａｒａｎｄｂｌｏｏｄｌｉｐｉｄｓｌｅｖｅｌｏｆＲｈｉｚ...