GM3掺入肌质网膜及其对Ca2+-ATP酶的正向调节

用微量提取和高效薄板层析方法研究了外源性神经节苷脂GM3掺入兔肌质网膜的动力学过程.将掺入量分别相对于掺入浓度、时间和温度作图,显示掺入曲线均呈抛物线形式.当掺入体系中GM3浓度为8 μmol／L、掺入时间为90 min、掺入温度为35℃时,其掺入量达到最大值,约为掺入体系中GM3量的50%.上述结果表明外源性GM3对肌质网膜的作用不仅仅是一种简单的水相反应,而是一个依赖于掺入浓度、时间和温度,并具有一定的饱和度的掺入到肌质网膜脂双层中的动力学过程.进一步的实验表明外源性GM3的掺入能明显增加肌质网Ca^2＋-ATP酶的活力.这为从分子水平上研究糖脂对细胞内膜系统的结构与功能的调节作用提供了重要的基础.     

GM3与Ca~(2+)-ATP酶的重建及其冷冻断裂电镜观察

应用生物膜的分离与重建技术 ,将GM3、大豆磷脂与肌质网Ca2 + ATP酶共同重建在脂质体上 ,酶活力明显增加 .经负染、冷冻断裂复型后电镜等形态学方法证实形成的脂酶体囊泡封闭性好 ,脂酶体上Ca2 + ATP酶蛋白颗粒均匀、直径增大     

神经节苷脂GM3对重建Ca 2+ -ATP酶构象的调节

应用稳态荧光和纳秒时间分辨瞬态荧光技术,以不同性质猝灭剂探测了神经节苷脂GM3诱发的Ca ²⁺-ATP酶构象的变化.结果显示,GM3可使重建的Ca ²⁺-ATP酶蛋白内源荧光寿命明显延长;并且能不同程度地减弱离子性猝灭剂碘化钾(I^-)和脂溶性猝灭剂竹红菌乙素(HB)对Ca ²⁺-ATP酶色氨酸(Trp)内源荧光的猝灭程度.进一步用时间分辨荧光猝灭动力学分析,当体系中有GM3存在时,HB对该蛋白不同荧光寿命组分的Trp内源荧光猝灭的幅度减小.猝灭常数(K_sv)明显降低.说明GM3依靠其亲水糖链和疏水的神经酰胺链作用,不仅可以改变重建Ca ²⁺-ATP酶蛋白嵌于膜脂疏水区内部的构象,使位于膜脂疏水区不同部位的Trp残基更加趋向排列于亲水-疏水域界面;而且还使Ca ²⁺-ATP酶亲水-疏水结构域之间更趋接近,致使整个酶蛋白分子呈现较“紧凑”的构象,表达较高的酶活力.     

介质Ca2+和La3+对酿酒酵母生长的影响

采用正交实验研究了外加Ｃａ^２＋和Ｌａ^３＋对酿酒酵母生长的影响。结果表明：外加Ｃａ^２＋和Ｌａ^３＋对酿酒酵母的生长均有显著的影响,都呈现出低浓度时正效应和高浓度时负效应,当Ｃａ^２＋浓度为１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ及Ｌａ^３＋浓度为１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时酿酒酵母生长最好。     

亲和层析纯化肌质网Ca2+－ATP酶

建立了一种亲和层析纯化肌质网Ca²⁺-ATP酶的方法．用非离子型去污剂C₁₂E₈ 溶解肌质网,再通过反应红－120琼脂糖亲和层析柱使肌质网Ca²⁺-ATP酶纯度从粗品中的65％提高到99％,并具有较高ATP水解活性．经SDS－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,为电泳纯．     

川楝素对K+、Ca2+通道活动及细胞内Ca2+浓度的调控

川楝素是我国学者从驱蛔中药中分离、鉴定的一个三萜化合物，已证明具选择地影响神经递质释放，有效地对抗肉毒中毒，促进细胞分化、凋亡，抑制肿瘤增殖，抑制昆虫发育和取食，影响K⁺、Ca²⁺通道活动等多种生物效应. 综述了证明川楝素抑制多种K⁺通道，选择地易化L型Ca²⁺通道和进而升高胞内Ca⁺浓度的研究资料，并对川楝素产生这些生物效应的机制进行了讨论.     

亚硒酸钠对巨噬细胞内游离Ca2+和Mg2+的影响

用单细胞阳离子测定系统研究了SeO^2-₃对巨噬细胞内游离Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的影响.实验结果表明:SeO^2-₃高于10^-4mol/L时,有显著的细胞毒性.SeO^2-₃对细胞的毒性作用使细胞内游离Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的浓度升高但Ca²⁺浓度的升高速率比Mg²⁺快.还有,高于10^-4mol/L的SeO^2-₃对红细胞膜上的Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性有明显抑制作用.     

Ca2+参与水霉菌丝细胞壁修饰的证据

以细胞壁崩溃酶-Driselflse短时间处理水霉(Saprozegma ferax)菌丝,pH5．0时可使原生质从菌丝亚顶端喷出,pH6．0～8．0时则不导致该现象发生;适当浓度EGTA的存在,可提高pH5．0时酶解引起的原生质喷出频率、使pH6．0～8．0时生长菌丝的顶端原生质也喷出、并且喷出多发生在菌丝最顶端;外加CaCl₂．不抑制菌丝顶端原生质的喷出,排除了Ca²⁺抑制酶活性的可能。随后的跟踪观察显示,长时间以缺Ca²⁺培养介质培养菌丝,同样能够导致菌丝顶端原生质喷出。上述研究结果表明,培养介质中Ca²⁺和H⁺对菌丝完整性的维持起调节作用,细胞壁上的Ca²⁺可能参与了水霉菌丝细胞壁物理特性的修饰。     

胞外Ca2+促进粟酒裂殖酵母细胞增殖作用的研究

研究了胞外Ca²⁺对粟酒裂殖酵母Schizosaccharomyces pombe)细胞增殖的影响。实验结果首次证明胞外Ca²⁺能明显促进粟酒裂殖酵母的增殖,其作用方式主要是缩短了粟酒裂殖酵母的生长延滞期。当起始的接种细胞密度升高至使粟酒裂殖酵母的生长延滞期消失时,外加Ca²⁺的作用也消失。EGTA可抑制粟酒裂殖酵母的细胞增殖,而外加Ca²⁺能够有效消除EGTA的抑制作用,进一步说明胞外Ca²⁺是粟酒裂殖酵母增殖所必需的。此外,外加EGTA除了可延长细胞增殖的延滞期外,还能显著降低指数期细胞分裂的速率以及达到稳定期时培养液中的细胞总数,提示缺Ca²⁺还影响粟酒裂殖酵母细胞的分裂。     

猪脑突触体质膜(Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase的分离纯化与性质

以猪脑为材料,经匀浆、差速离心、蔗糖密度梯度离心分离突触体. 低渗破膜得到突触体膜. Triton X-100增溶后,经钙调蛋白亲和层析可得去脂的质膜Ca²⁺-ATPase. 用大体积亲和柱和大体积低Ca²⁺淋洗液淋洗,可得产率、纯度和活性均较高的质膜Ca²⁺-ATPase. 与大豆磷脂保温后,去脂的Ca²⁺-ATPase的水解活力可恢复达3.32 μmol/(mg·min).SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳银染显示单一蛋白质带,分子质量约为140 ku,纯度在90%以上. 不同Ca²⁺浓度明显影响酶的活力.     

Ganglioside GM3 modulates conformation of reconstituted ca2+-ATPase

Using steady-state fluorescence and nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence techniques, the ca²⁺ ATPase conformational changes induced by ganglioside GM3 were studied with different quenchers. The results showed that GM3 could significantly increase the lifetime of intrinsic fluorescence of Ca²⁺-ATPase reconstituted into proteoliposomes, and could also weaken the intrinsic fluorescence quenching by KI or hypocrellin B, HB. Furthermore, by using quenching kinetic analysis of the time-resolved fluorescence, in the presence of GM3, the quenching constant (K_3V) and quenching efficiency were significantly lowered. The obtained results suggest that the oligosaccharide chain and the ceramide moieties of the GM3 molecule could interact with its counterparts of the ca²⁺-ATPase respectively, thus change the conformation of the hydrophobic domain of the enzyme, making the tryptophan residues in different regions shift towards the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface, and hence shorten the distance between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic domains, making the enzyme with a more compact form exhibit higher enzyme activity. Project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules.     

Relationship between plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity and acrosome reaction in guinea pig sperm

The results obtained by biochemical measurement demonstrated for the first time that significant decrease of the plasma membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase activity occurred during capacitation and acrosome reaction of guinea pig sperm. Ethaorynic acid, one kind of Ca²⁺-ATPase antagonists, inhibited the plasma membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase activity, but calmodulin (50μg/mL) and trifluoperazine (200- 500μmol/L) did not, suggesting that calmodulin is not involved in ATP-driven Ca²⁺ efflux from sperm. However, calmodulin is involved in the control of Ca²⁺ influx. TFP, one kind of calmodulin antagonists, accelerated the acrosome reaction and Ca²⁺ uptake into sperm cells significantly. Ca²⁺-ATPase antagonists, quercetin, sodium orthovandate, furosemide and ethacrynic acid promoted the acrosome reaction, but inhibited Ca2+ uptake, which cannot be explained by their inhibitory effects on the plasma membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase activity. It is speculated that this phenomenon might be caused by simultaneous inhibitions of the activities of Ca²⁺-ATPase present in the plasma membrane, the outer acrosome membrane and the outer mitochondrion membrane resulting in Ca²⁺ accumulation in the cytoplasm, which in turn blocks further Ca2+ entry through some negative feedback mechanism(s). The inhibitory effect of Ca²⁺-ATPase antagonist on glycolytic activity may also be the reason for Ca²⁺ accumulation in cytoplasm and inhibition of Ca²⁺ uptake.     

钙离子通道蛋白的研究进展

钙离子是最广泛存在的细胞内信使,调控着几乎所有生命过程。最近的结构生物学研究解析了很多不同种类的钙离子通道在不同开放-关闭状态下的近原子分辨率结构。有关进展揭示了这些通道的分子组成、动态活动、生理功能、调控修饰的分子基础,为阐明钙信号转导和相关疾病的微观机制提供了理论基础.     

骨骼肌内质网Ca2+泵转运Ca2+的结构基础

Ca²⁺泵(Ca²⁺-ATPase)是调节细胞内Ca²⁺浓度的重要蛋白质之一. Ca²⁺泵在转运Ca²⁺的过程中经历一系列构象变化. 其中,E1状态为外向的Ca²⁺高亲和状态,E2状态则为内向的Ca²⁺低亲和状态. 目前,骨骼肌内质网Ca²⁺泵转运Ca²⁺过程中的几个中间状态,包括E1-2Ca²⁺,E1-ATP,E1-P-ADP,E2-Pi和E2状态的三维晶体结构已经解析. 介绍这几种状态的晶体结构,并分析Ca²⁺泵在执行功能过程中结构与功能的关系.