小麦抗白粉病相关基因的转化

利用玉米花青素苷合成调节基因C1-Lc作为报告基因, 通过瞬间表达后愈伤组织表面红色斑点的统计分析, 优化了小麦幼胚愈伤组织的基因枪转化参数。小麦Beclin1类似基因TaTBL和硫代硫酸硫转移酶基因TaTST是2个在白粉菌诱导条件下具有增强表达特性的抗病相关基因。本实验进一步利用基因枪将ubi强启动子控制下的2个基因导入到小麦品种扬麦158的幼胚愈伤组织细胞中, 使用除草剂经两轮选择培养基上的筛选和再生获得抗性植株, 进一步通过抗性植株的PCR分析获得转TaTBL基因植株5株, 转TaTST基因植株6株。转基因植株离体叶片的人工接种实验表明, 外源基因的导入不同程度上增强了植株的白粉病抗性, 表现为延缓了白粉菌的发育。利用玉米花青素苷合成调节基因C1-Lc作为报告基因,通过瞬间表达后愈伤组织表面红色斑点的统计分析,优化了小麦幼胚愈伤组织的基因枪转化参数。小麦Beclin1类似基因TaTBL和硫代硫酸硫转移酶基因TaTST是两个在白粉菌诱导条件下具有增强表达特性的抗病相关基因。本实验进一步利用基因枪将ubi强启动子控制下的两个基因导入到小麦品种扬麦158的幼胚愈伤组织细胞中,使用除草剂经两轮选择培养基上的筛选和再生获得抗性植株,进一步通过抗性植株的PCR分析获得转TaTBL基因植株5株,转TaTST基因植株6株。转基因植株离体叶片的人工接种实验表明,外源基因的导入不同程度上增强了植株的白粉病抗性,表现为延缓了白粉菌的发育。     

转MDMV CP基因玉米植株的再生

用基因枪法将玉米矮花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因导入玉米自交系综31幼胚诱导的愈伤组织中,在含有Bialaphos 6 mg·L^-1的选择培养基上经过3个月的抗性筛选,抗性愈伤组织在分化培养基上生成可育再生植株。PCR、PCR-Southern blot及DNA点杂交结果表明,外源基因已导入到玉米基因组中。转基因T1和T2代植株在大田表现出对MDMV的抗性,可以降低发病率,减轻发病程度。     

大麦转化体系的改进及TrxS基因的转化

以啤酒大麦品种“晋引6号”的幼胚为转化起始材料,用基因枪法将分别携带有目的基因(TrxS)和除草剂基因(筛选基因,Bar)的两个质粒进行了共转化,同时对基因转化的相关技术和植株再生的培养方案进行了优化。结果表明,受体材料宜选用预培养15d的幼胚;在培养前2周添加1mg／L ABA可抑制胚芽萌发而且有助于胚性愈伤组织的形成;1．0mg／L ZT与0．1mg／L IAA激素配比可有效促进愈伤组织的分化。利用优化的培养条件,经在含3～5mg／L筛选剂PPT的培养基上筛选、再生及生根培养。共在178块抗性愈伤组织上获得11株再生植株,再生率达到6．2％,经对T0、T1、T2代PCR、nested PCR和Southern杂交检测表明,TrxS基因已经稳定整合到大麦基因组中且遗传稳定、结构完整。     

干旱耐逆基因（HS1）转化甘薯获得转基因植株

以甘薯（1pomoeabatatas（L.）Lam．）品种栗子香的胚性悬浮细胞为受体材料,用根癌农杆菌介导法,获得了表达除草剂抗性基因bar基因的转HSl基因甘薯植株。共计380个遗传转化的胚性细胞团,在添加2mg／L2．4-D、100mg／L Carb和10mg／L Glu（glufosinate）的固体Ms培养基上选择培养9周后,得到了12个Glu抗性愈伤组织。将这些抗性愈伤组织转移到添加1mg／L ABA、100mg／L羧苄青霉素和10mg／L Glu的固体MS培养基上,其中的3个抗性愈伤组织再生出拟转基因植株。PCR鉴定它们为转基因植株。Southern blot分析表明,HS1基因已整合到基因组中。转基因植株具有稳定的除草剂抗性。结薯观察实验结果表明,转基因植株结薯正常。     

转AtNHX1基因玉米的产生及其耐盐性分析

以玉米(ZeamaysL.)骨干自交系DH4866、齐319和鲁原16106的胚性愈伤组织为材料,采用农杆菌介导法将AtNHX1和hpt基因转入玉米培养细胞,经筛选获得了抗潮霉素的愈伤组织并再生植株。经PCR检测和Southernblot验证,确定了22.8%的再生植株为转基因植株。农杆菌液浓度、愈伤组织基因型及共培养时间对转化率均有明显影响。外源基因在转基因植株后代中的分离呈多样性,在部分株系中表现出孟德尔遗传规律。耐盐筛选表明,一些转基因植株及其后代具有很好的耐盐性,部分株系可在0.8%-1.0%NaCl溶液浇灌下萌发和生长。Northern杂交表明,植株耐盐性提高与AtNHX1基因的转录水平相一致。     

农杆菌介导的雪花莲凝集素基因转入玉米骨干自交系

以农杆菌AGL0介导,将雪花莲凝集素基因转入玉米骨干自交系齐319和掖515胚性愈伤组织细胞,从筛选后的抗性愈伤组织获得再生植株。农杆菌浓度和共培养时间均能显著影响侵染后玉米愈伤组织的抗性频率。在农杆菌浓度OD600 0．2～0．3,共培养时间3d时,侵染后玉米愈伤组织的抗性频率最高,平均约4％。对再生植株及其子代基因组DNA的PCR及Southern杂交分析表明雪花莲凝集素基因已经整合到玉米基因组中,并遗传给后代。在蚜虫人工接种试验中,转基因植株上蚜虫的繁殖力为非转基因对照植株上的50％,这表明转基因植株抗蚜性显著增强。     

MDMV CP基因的克隆及其转基因玉米的研究

用RT-PCR方法分离了玉米矮花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因(MDMV CP),并且利用基因枪法将该基因导入玉米优良自交系18-599红、18-599白幼胚诱导的愈伤组织中。转化的愈伤组织在Bialaphos浓度(PPT)为8mg／L、10mg/L、5mg／L的筛选压下经过3次抗性筛选后,分别再生出可育植株12株和6株。PCR和Southem检测结果说明CP基因已整合到玉米自交系基因组中。对T1代转基因植株进行病毒人工接种试验,结果表明对照植株全部表现为感染玉米矮花叶病的典型症状,而转基因植株后代呈现不同程度的抗性。     

外源超氧化物歧化酶基因MnSOD在玉米中的过量表达及抗逆性的提高

为研究过量表达的超氧化物歧化酶基因MnSOD对玉米抗逆性的作用,构建了小麦来源MnSOD基因的单子叶植物高效表达载体,用基因枪法转化优良玉米自交系胚性愈伤组织。经潮霉素梯度浓度培养基筛选,从阳性愈伤组织再生获得9个正常结实的植株。其中5株经PCR和Southern印迹检测表现为阳性,表明外源基因己整合到玉米基因组中。提取SOD酶液,非变性聚肉烯酰胺浓度梯度凝胶电泳分离,用H2O2 5mmol／L抑制FeSOD和CU／ZnSOD活性,氯化硝基四氮唑蓝染色检测MnSOD酶活性。Southern印迹呈阳性的5个植株,MnSOD酶活性均高于未转基因的对照。甲基紫精氧化损伤处理后,用电解质渗漏率法测定阳性株系的叶片渗透液的电导率。结果表明,转基因株系的抗氧化损伤能力显著高于对照。     

转AtNHX1基因玉米的产生及其耐盐性分析

以玉米(Zea mays L.)骨干自交系DH4866、齐319和鲁原16106的胚性愈伤组织为材料,采用农杆菌介导法将AtNHX1和hpt因转入玉米培养细胞,经筛选获得了抗潮霉素的愈伤组织并再生植株.经PCR检测和Southernblot验证,确定了22.8%的再生植株为转基因植株.农杆菌液浓度、愈伤组织基因型及共培养时间对转化率均有明显影响.外源基因在转基因植株后代中的分离呈多样性,在部分株系中表现出孟德尔遗传规律.耐盐筛选表明,一些转基因植株及其后代具有很好的耐盐性,部分株系可在0.8%-1.0%NaCl溶液浇灌下萌发和生长.Northern杂交表明,植株耐盐性提高与AtNHX1基因的转录水平相一致.     

以耐草甘膦2mG2-epsps基因为选择标记的玉米转化体系的建立

转化细胞的筛选和再生是植物遗传转化体系中重要的组成部分,筛选剂的选择和筛选压力的高低直接影响着外源基因的转化率。以草甘膦异丙胺盐为筛选剂,通过比较在不同的草甘膦浓度及筛选时间的条件下,玉米愈伤组织生长和分化情况,发现经1mM的草甘膦异丙胺盐筛选15d后玉米愈伤组织分化受到明显抑制,故以此作为玉米遗传转化实验中的筛选压力。通过基因枪轰击,将构建好的pMAGUHM载体（其上携带有抗草甘膦基因2mG2-epsps基因）转化到玉米愈伤组织,利用草甘膦筛选得到耐草甘膦植株80株,其中PCR检测阳性植株为36株,转化率为45％。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.