Biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the Kulinda section (Transbaikalia,Russia) based on the Middle Jurassic palynology and macroflora

The palynological and macrofloral assemblages from the Lower Member of the Ukurey Formation have been studied based on the materials from a section exposed along the Kulinda Ravine (Olov Depression, Transbaikalia). This section is of special interest due to the occurrence of ornithischian dinosaurs. Based on palynological and palaeobotanical data, the studied deposits are dated as Middle Jurassic (Bathonian). Specific features of the palynological assemblages allow the correlation of the studied interval with Western Siberian palynozones calibrated by ammonite and foraminiferal successions. The resulting biostratigraphy suggests that the lower extent of the Ukurev Formation is not restricted to the Upper Jurassic as previously assumed. Lacustrine origin of the Lower Member of the Ukurev Formation is confirmed based on palaeoenvironmental analysis, showing changes of the terrestrial vegetation, associated with climatic conditions and fluctuations of the lake-level. Palaeobotanical and palynological data suggest that Middle Jurassic floras of eastern regions of Central Asia, southern regions of Siberia and Far East, as well as northern regions of China exhibit similar features.     

Fossil coniferous wood from the Middle Jurassic of Liaoning Province, China

Silicified coniferous wood was collected from the Lanqi Formation (late Middle Jurassic in age) at Shebudaigou Village, Liaoning Province, China. Three taxa are identified, namely Pinoxylon dacotense Knowlton, Xenoxylon phyllocladoides Gothan, and Araucariopitys sp. Based on these new data, and those of other fossil plants reported previously from the same formation, we consider the climate during the deposition of the Lanqi Formation was subtropical, humid and seasonal. In this respect the Lanqi flora differs from the coeval Shimengou and Longmen floras from North China. The Longmen flora was deposited during more humid, subtropical conditions, while the Shimengou Formation indicates that the climate was warm temperate and dry. Our data would suggest that the Late Jurassic climatic pattern was initiated as early as the late Middle Jurassic.     

Yanliaoa, an extinct genus of Cupressaceae s. l. from the Middle Jurassic,northeastern China

Yanliaoa is a common fossil in the Middle Jurassic of western Liaoning, eastern Inner Mongolia and northern Hebei Province, China. It is an important element of the Yanliao biota. The genus was established by Pan in 1977 for fossil plants from the Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formation in Xiasanjiaochengzi, western Liaoning Province, and in present paper, the genus Yanliaoa is studied based on new material. Pan never designated a type specimen and his fossil material cannot be located. We designate a type specimen here for Yanliaoa, so that the genus name Yanliaoa remains valid. Yanliaoa sinensis Pan emend. Tan et al., is found in the same locality and formation as the lost specimens, Y. sinensis of Pan, 1977. Yanliaoa daohugouensis n. sp., a new species with epidermal anatomy, is from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou, Inner Mongolia. A holotype is also selected from the new material for this new species. Characters of the leafy shoots and ovulate cones of Yanliaoa are emended. The epidermal anatomy of this genus is described for the first time. Compared with other extant and extinct species of Cupressaceae s. l., the current species can be distinguished from any known species both by the leafy shoot characters and its epidermal anatomy. It further indicates that Yanliaoa is an extinct and endemic conifer found in the Middle Jurassic of northeastern China.     

甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗世植物群地质时代及植物区系探讨

本文对甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗世植物群地质时代及植物区系进行了探讨,共统计植物大化石18属53种,主要包括银杏纲10属24种,真蕨纲5属22种,苏铁纲1属3种,松柏纲1属2种,楔叶纲1属2种。该植物群在组成特征上表现为银杏类、真蕨类植物繁盛,其他植物类群相对贫乏。基于该植物群特征与国内其他植物群的对比,提出其地质时代为中侏罗世Aalenian期–Bajocian期。通过哈曼、欧式距离、罗杰斯–塔尼莫特和索卡尔–施尼斯4种方法对宝积山盆地及中国北方其余11个中侏罗世植物群进行系统聚类分析,在此基础上进一步划分了中国北方植物区系。通过计算属、种相似性系数,探讨宝积山邻近植物区系间的亲缘关系,结果表明宝积山植物区系与同属西北地区的华亭植物区系关系较为亲近。     

湘南地区晚奥陶世的江西笔石(Jiangxigraptus)*

本文对甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗世植物群地质时代及植物区系进行了探讨, 共统计植物大化石 18 属 53 种, 主要包括银杏纲 10 属 24 种, 真蕨纲 5 属 22 种, 苏铁纲 1 属 3 种, 松柏纲 1 属 2 种, 楔叶纲 1 属 2 种。该植物群在组成特征上表现为银杏类、真蕨类植物繁盛, 其他植物类群相对贫乏。基于该植物群特征与国内其他植物群的对比, 提出其地质时代为中侏罗世 Aalenian 期–Bajocian 期。通过哈曼、欧式距离、罗杰斯–塔尼莫特和索卡尔–施尼斯 4 种方法对宝积山盆地及中国北方其余 11 个中侏罗世植物群进行系统聚类分析, 在此基础上进一步划分了中国北方植物区系。通过计算属、种相似性系数,探讨宝积山邻近植物区系间的亲缘关系, 结果表明宝积山植物区系与同属西北地区的华亭植物区系关系较为亲近。     

中国主要侏罗纪植物群相似性系数的初步研究

选取属级分类单元作为统计变量, Dice系数作为统计公式, 对中国早中侏罗世较具代表性的18个植物群进行了相似性的聚类分析。研究结果显示出的区系划分格局在一定程度上支持了前人对植物群时代和性质的判断, 同时提出香溪组、万宝组所含植物群的特殊组合与时空因素值得深入研究; 中国北方早侏罗世植物群、北方中侏罗世植物群以及南方早中侏罗世植物群三者之间的差异、联系及范围界限 需要进一步深入研究。本研究是对古植物学区系研究的有益探索, 为中国侏罗纪植物群的大区域系统研究提供了数据基础和参考依据。     

中国主要侏罗纪植物群相似性系数的初步研究

选取属级分类单元作为统计变量,Dice系数作为统计公式,对中国早中侏罗世较具代表性的18个植物群进行了相似性的聚类分析.研究结果显示出的区系划分格局在一定程度上支持了前人对植物群时代和性质的判断,同时提出香溪组、万宝组所含植物群的特殊组合与时空因素值得深入研究;中国北方早侏罗世植物群、北方中侏罗世植物群以及南方早中侏罗世植物群三者之间的差异、联系及范围界限需要进一步深入研究.本研究是对古植物学区系研究的有益探索,为中国侏罗纪植物群的大区域系统研究提供了数据基础和参考依据.     

New archisargids from China (Insecta: Diptera)

The extinct family Archisargidae, which was rich in the Mesozoic, has been found in China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. By now, six genera and 14 species have been found in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning Province of China. In this paper, two new species of the genus Mesosolva Hong, 1983 and a new genus Brevisolva gen. nov., represented by a new species belonging to the Archisargidae, are described from the Middle Jurassic deposits of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia. A key to the species of Mesosolva is given.     

新疆准噶尔盆地白杨河中侏罗世植物化石新材料

系统描述了准噶尔盆地西北缘白杨河地区西山窑组植物化石15属25种,首次在新疆地区发现侏罗纪真蕨类重要分子Coniopteris hymenophylloides的原位孢子及其孢子囊群,并对Phoenicopsis ( Phoenicopsis) an-gustifolia的叶角质层进行了研究。白杨河地区西山窑组迄今已知植物化石24属39种,以富含蕨类、茨康类、银杏类及松柏类,少见苏铁类等为特征,属于较为典型的内陆型、温带或暖温带植物群;其时代为中侏罗世,且可能为中侏罗世早期。该植物群应属于欧亚大陆早、中侏罗世植物地理区系中的西伯利亚区,反映了温暖潮湿、具季节性变化、并有利成煤的环境。     

An enigmatic hawker dragonfly from the Middle Jurassic of China (Odonata,Aeshnoptera)

The aeshnopteran Propecymatophlebia magnifica gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Middle Jurassic Hiafanggou Formation of Inner Mongolia in China, on the basis of a complete forewing. It confirms the remarkable palaeodiversity of the stem group of the hawker dragonflies in Central Asia in the period between the Middle Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous.     

Middle Jurassic fossils of the genus Sharasargus from Inner Mongolia, China (Diptera: Archisargidae)

To date, only two species of the genus Sharasargus are known. These Upper Jurassic species were found in Mongolia and Kazakhstan, respectively. We herein describe two new species from the Middle Jurassic, which were found in Inner Mongolia, China. They are the oldest known fossils of this genus. A key to Sharasargus species is given.     

内蒙古道虎沟中侏罗世原褶蚊科化石记述(昆虫纲,双翅目,原褶蚊科)

描述原褶蚊科Eoptychopteridae Handlirsch,1906化石3新种,华美刻痕原褶蚊Crenoptychoptera decorosa sp.nov.,普通刻痕原褶蚊Crenoptychoptera vulgaris sp.nov.,近刻痕原褶蚊Crenoptychoptera vicina sp.nov..所有标本均采自内蒙古宁城道虎沟中侏罗世九龙山组,模式标本保存在首都师范大学生命科学学院.     

New fossil hangingflies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Raptipedia: Cimbrophlebiidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia,China

Abstract: Two new genera with six new species of hangingflies (Mecoptera: Raptipedia: Cimbrophlebiidae) are described. They were collected from the Middle Jurassic nonmarine sedimentary strata of the Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, north‐eastern China. This report of Cimbrophlebiidae from the Yanliao Biota provides detailed morphological information and evidence of a broad diversity of Cimbrophlebiidae during the Middle Jurassic. A key to the known species of Cimbrophlebiidae is provided.     

The Middle Jurassic flora from Stonesfield, Oxfordshire, UK

The Stonesfield 'Slate' of Oxfordshire has yielded a diverse Middle Jurassic flora, containing 25 morphospecies, dominated by remains of araucariacean and cheirolepidiacean conifers, bennettitaleans, and leaves of the possible gymnosperm Pelourdea . It mainly represents coastal vegetation, which included mangrove-like stands of Ptilophyllum , and conifers probably growing in lowland coastal habitats that were subjected to periodic water-stress. The Pelourdea leaves may have drifted in from drier, more upland habitats. The flora is similar, but not identical to, the slightly older floras from the Cotswold 'Slate' of Gloucestershire, such as from Eyeford and Sevenhampton. Also comparable are the contemporaneous floras preserved in marine deposits in France and the Venetian Alps of Italy. It is quite different from the Middle Jurassic flora of Yorkshire, which is thought to represent vegetation growing in deltaic habitats. The new combinations Ptilophyllum pectiniformis (Sternberg), Komlopteris speciosa (Ettingshausen) and Pachypteris macrophylla (Brongniart) are proposed for species found at Stonesfield. Nilssoniopteris solitarium (Phillips) comb. nov. is proposed for the species previously named Nilssoniopteris vittata (Brongniart). Taeniopteris vittata Brongniart is retained as the type species of Taeniopteris , a morphogenus to be used for entire cycadophyte leaves that cannot be definitely assigned to the cycads or bennettitaleans. Conites is shown to be an earlier nomenclatural synonym of Bucklandia , to be used for casts and compressions of cycadophyte stems. This requires a number of new combinations for species that have hitherto been included in Bucklandia : Conites anomala (Stokes and Webb), C. gigas (Seward), C. indica (Seward), C. milleriana (Carruthers), C. pustulosa (Harris) and C. yatesii (Carruthers).     

Jurassic lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) of Western Siberia

A lacewing assemblage from the Middle Jurassic of the West Siberian Kubekovo locality, the only know Jurassic lacewing fauna of Russia, is discussed. One new genus and two new species of Osmylidae from Kubekovo, Kubekius multiramosus gen. et sp. nov. and Epiosmylus longus sp. nov. are described. Thaumatomerobius mirabilis Ponomarenko, 1985 is transferred to the family Saucrosmylidae, which has only been recorded in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou.     

A new long-proboscid genus of Pseudopolycentropodidae (Mecoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of China and its plant-host specializations

We describe a new genus and species of Mecoptera with siphonate mouthparts, Sinopolycentropus rasnitsynigen. et sp. n., assigned to the family Pseudopolycentropodidae Handlirsch, 1925. The specimen was collected from late Middle Jurassic nonmarine strata of the Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The new material provides additional evidence for an early diversification of pseudopolycentropodids that was ongoing during the Middle Jurassic. This diversity also adds to the variety of known pseudopolycentropodids with tubular proboscides that apparently fed on ovulate fluids produced by Mesozoic gymnosperms.     

Yuhania: a unique angiosperm from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia,China

Despite increasing claims of pre-Cretaceous angiosperms, whether there really are angiosperms in the Jurassic is apparently still an open question for many people before further evidence is available. This question can only be answered by studying more Jurassic plant fossils. Here we report a fossil angiosperm, Yuhania daohugouensis gen. et sp. nov, from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. The plant includes connected stem, leaves, flowers, aggregate fruits, fruitlets, and seeds within fruitlets. The leaves are helically arranged along the curving stem, linear in shape, with 5–6 parallel veins. The aggregate fruit is pedicellate, composed of over 20 carpels/fruitlets helically arranged. Each fruitlet encloses a seed. The reproductive organs in various stages are found in the same plant, allowing us to understand the development of Yuhania. The occurrence of Yuhania in the Middle Jurassic re-confirms the Jurassic history for angiosperms that has been suggested by other independent research and adds to the on-going study on the early evolution of angiosperms.     

Early Jurassic flora from South Primorye,Far East,Russia

A unique Early Jurassic flora from the Schitukhe Formation of South Primorye, Russia is further studied, with newly collected materials. The flora is composed of over 50 taxa. It is dominated by ferns (Dipteridaceae, Marattiaceae, etc.), cycads (Pterophyllum, Nilssonia, Ctenis, Taeniopteris, etc.), conifers (Cycadocarpidium, Podozamites, etc.), and other seasonally deciduous gymnosperms (Czekanowskiales, Ginkgoales, etc.), showing a special flora living in an ecotone zone between the Palaeofloristic realms of Siberian Flora and Euro-Sinian Flora in the East Asia during the early Early Jurassic. The flora is compared with its coeval floras from China and Japan. A new species Cycadocarpidium pacificum n. sp. is reported. The age of the Schitukhe flora is constrained by the marine mollusca fossils yielded in the sandwich marine beds of the Schitukhe Formation, as the Hettangian–Sinemurian.     

New Phoenicopsis leaves (Czekanowskiales) from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou Biota,China and their roles in phytogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstruction

The Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation, distributed in the Daohugou area, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China, is famous for yielding abundant, well-preserved fossil vertebrates and invertebrates. However, only a few fossil plants have been reported to date. In this paper, one new species of Czekanowskiales, Phoenicopsis (Windwardia) daohugouensis n. sp. is described based upon leaf morphology and epidermal characters. The new species represents the first record of Czekanowskiales from the Daohugou Biota. The discovery of the new species reveals the significance of the Daohugou flora as one of the deciduous forests in the temperate-warm temperate zone of Eurasia during the Middle Jurassic.     

A new species of Plesioblattogryllus Huang, Nel et Petrulevičius (Grylloblattida: Plesioblattogryllidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China

A new species of grylloblattid insects, Plesioblattogryllus minor, sp. nov. (Gryllobattida: Plesioblattogryllidae), is described from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou locality (Inner Mongolia, China). The value of the diagnostic features of the families Plesioblattogryllidae and Blattogryllidae is briefly discussed.