Une nouvelle espèce proche deTrichogramma evanescens: T. Maidis [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae]

Résumé L'étude des croisements entre 2 souches de trichogrammes proches a montré que 2 espèces jumelles étaient confondues:T. evanescens Westwood etT. maidis n. sp. La première parasite surtout des œufs de lépidoptères du chou tandis que le deuxième parasite les œufs d'Ostrinia nubilalis Hubn. (Lep.: Pyralidae). T. evanescens est redécrit etT. maidis n. sp. décrit, les principales différences portant sur l'échancrure de la lame dorsale des génitalia males et sur le nombre de soies des antennes des 2 sexes.

---

Summary The crossing study between 2 very similars strains ofTrichogramma indicates that 2 sibling species were confused:T. evanescens Westwood andT. maidis n. sp. The first parasitizes mainly Lepidopterous eggs on cabbage while the second parasitizesOstrinia nubilalis Hubn. (Lep.: Pyralidae) eggs.T. evanescens is redescribed andT. maidis n. sp. described. The chief differences relate to the notch of the dorsal expansion of gonobase in the male genitalia and to the number of antennal bristles in the two sexes.

---

---

Avec la collaboration technique deM. Babault et deJeannine Pizzol.     

Studies onPrays acmonias [Lep.: Yponomeutidae] and its natural enemies in Pakistan

A survey forPrays acmonias Meyr. and its natural enemies was made in the northern hills in Pakistan. It attackedViburnum spp. in the Murree hills, Azad Kashmir and Swat. Its populations were generally low at most localities.Deraecoris sp.,Haplothrips sp. (egg predators),Apanteles sp. nr.dilectus Hal.,Elasmus hyblaeae Ferrière,Elachertus sp.,Euderus sp. andSympiesis sp. (larval parasites),Sphedanolestes sp. (larval predator),Aspergillus flavus Link andStreptococcus sp. (pathogens) attackedP. acmonias. Among theseApanteles was more common throughout the distribution area of the host and destroyed up to 13% host larvae. It appears to be a possibly promising parasite for trials in areas wherePrays spp. are pests. However, it did not parasitizePrays oleae (Bern.).

---

Résumé Cette chenille qui attaque lesViburnum spp. dans les collines du Nord du Pakistan s'y trouve généralement en faibles densités.Deraecoris sp.,Haplothrips sp. (prédateurs des œufs),Apanteles sp. nr.dilectus Hal.,Elaemus hyblaeae Ferrière,Elachertus sp.,Euderus sp. etSympiesis sp. (parasites des larves),Sphedanolestes sp. (prédateur des larves),Aspergillus flavus Link etStreptococcus sp. (germes pathogènes) sont les ennemis naturels deP. acmonias. Le plus commun estApanteles, qui peut détruire jusqu'à 13% des chenilles. Il peut être un parasite intéressant pour la lutte contre desPrays spp., mais il ne parasite pasPrays oleae (Perm.).

---

---

This work was sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations as a part of the project entitled “Research on the control of olive pests and diseases in continental Greece, Crete and Corfu”.     

Adaptation of native and exotic hyperparasites to the introduced primary sawfly parasite,Exenterus amictorius (Panzer) in Wisconsin

In a 10 year period,Exenterus amictorius (Panzer) has become the dominant primary parasite of the introduced pine sawfly,Diprion similis (Hartig), in Wisconsin. During this time (1961–71), eleven secondary parasites have associated themselves withE. amictorius. Nine are endemic to North America and two are exotic but not of recent origin. Of these, four had never been reared previously fromD. similis cocoons; three, previously recorded as primaries, were recorded as hyperparasites; and four, previously recorded as hyperparasites, had broadened their range to includeE. amictorius. All hyperparasites are hymenopterans in the familiesPteromalidae (5),Ichneumonidae (3),Eulophidae (1),Eupelmidae (1), andTorymidae (1).

---

Résumé Au cours de la décennie 1961–1971,Exenterus amictorius, est devenu le principal parasite de la TenthrèdeDiprion similis (Hartig), au Wisconsin. Onze parasites secondaires se sont associés àE. amictorius durant la même période: neufs endémiques à l'Amérique du Nord et deux introduits, mais non-récents. De ces parasites, quatre n'avaient jamais été élevés à partir deD. similis auparavant, trois reconnus autrefois comme parasites primaires se sont trouvés être des hyperparasites, et quatre décrits auparavant comme hyperparasites ont étendu leur distribution àE. amictorius. Tous les hyperparasites sont des hyménoptères appartenant aux familles suivantes:Pteromalidae (5),Ichneumonidae (3),Eulophidae (1),Eupelmidae (1), etTorymidae (1).

---

---

Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae

---

Research supported by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, and by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources through the School of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, Madison.     

A new genus and several new species of Aphid parasites [Hym. Aphidiidae]

Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit enth?lt die Beschreibung der neuen GattungChaetopauesia und von fünf neuen Arten von Blattlausparasiten der FamilieAphidiidae: Areopraon antiquum n. sp., einem Parasiten der BlattlausgattungMindarus Koch (Thelaxidae);Praon caricicola n. sp.,Trioxys curvicaudus n. sp. undTrioxys iziphyae n. sp., welche s?mtlich parasitisch bei Vertretern der FamilieCallaphididae leben; undChaetopauesia talis n. sp., deren Wirt unbekannt ist.      

Importance de la nutrition chezAphelinus sp. [Hym.Aphelinidae]

Résumé L'incidence de la nutrition sur la biologie des Aphélinides est étudiéc et analysée sous ses différents aspects: maturation sexuelle, spécificité parasitaire (adaptation à un nouvel h?te) et longévité. Les faits observés sont rapprochés de certains phénomènes d'adaptation à des facteurs du milieu connus chez d'autres groupes d'insectes. D'importants travaux ont été effectués sur un Aphélinide monophage,Aphelinus mali Haldeman depuis son introduction en Europe en 1929 pour freiner les pullulations du puceron lanigèreEriosoma lanigerum Hausm. Ce n'est que depuis une quinzaine d'années que les chercheurs américains ont orienté leurs recherches vers un autre Aphélinide,Aphelinus asychis Walker (=semiflavus Howard), susceptible d'attaquer un grand nombre d'espèces d'Aphides-h?tes. Cependant, la polyphagie de ce parasite fut très peu étudiée et c'est seulement en 1970 queRaney etal.,Manglitz & Schalk déterminant la fécondité du parasite en présence de divers h?tes, ont observé des différences de fécondité qui les ont conduits à considérer que certains h?tes étaient préférés par le parasite.

---

Summary A study of polyphagous Aphelinids, parasites of aphids, revealed the existence of host conditioning. The physiology and behaviour of the female is influenced by the aphid species on which it feeds: sexual maturation, fecundity (measured by number of aphids mummified by one female) and longevity are impaired when this species differs from the one from which the female hatched. When females are fed with honey and water, longevity decreases (is reduced by about 15 days). Nutritive elements accumulated during larval life are used and eggs are progressively resorbed. This condition is not irreversible: if such females are reared with aphids, mature eggs can be observed after two days. Fecundity and longevity are decreased when one female (Aphelinus asychis), hatched from an aphid species A, is reared on an aphid species B. In the F₂ generation, the parasite is better adapted to the new host; in F₃ fecundity may be comparable with that recorded in females reared on aphid host A. However, if F₃ females hatched from species B mummies are now placed on aphid host A, the same kind of biological disturbances are observed as in the original transfer (A to B). After disproving the hypothesis of genetical selection of individuals adapted to the new host, the influence of nutrition on female physiology is demonstrated. This conditioning may be compared with that inAcrididae, attributable to a density factor, or that inNemeritis andDrosophila, to the odour of certain chemicals.

---

---

Le présent article est extrait de la thèse de Doctorat d'état soutenue le 20 mars 1972 à l'Université Paris VI.     

Role écologique deDigitalis purpurea dans la limitation naturelle des populations du puceron strié de la pomme de terreAulacorthum solani parAphidius urticae dans l'ouest de la France

Résumé En Bretagne les cultures de pommes de terre sont colonisées parAulacorthum solani,kltb,Macrosiphum euphorbiae thomas etMyzus persicae sulz. Lorsque le vol de contamination initiale par A.solani etM. persicae est de grande amplitude, le vol de dissémination est virtuellement absent, et inversement. Nous montrons que ceci est d? au très fort parasitisme qui affecte les populations dès leur installation sur les pommes de terre. En ce qui concerneA. solani, attaqué en particulier parAphidius urticae Hal. le r?le de la digitale en tant que producteur de pucerons et de parasites est mis en évidence. Le synchronisme entre la production de pucerons ailés et de parasites varie selon les biotopes et à ce titre la température para?t avoir une action prédominante.

---

Summary In western France, the potato crops are regularly invaded byA. solani kltb,Myzus persicae sulz. andMacrosiphum euphorbiae thomas. Whenever the primary infestation by winged aphids is low, then the dissemination flight is relatively important and conversely (fig. 1). The reason is that aphidiids exert a good control as soon as aphid populations are building up. These parasites may be carried as eggs or young larvae in the alate aphids ofA. solani (table 1) and asD. purpurea constitutes one of its main winter host (A. solani is anholocyclic), the impcrtance of this plant was investigated as regards to aphid, parasite and hyperparasite production.Aphidius urticae hal-was the only parasite recorded so far with five hyperparasite species. On potato plants, too,A. urticae seems specifically concerned withA. solani otherwise attacked byAphidius picipes nees andAphidius ervi hal. It was shown some discrepancies between different biotopes as regards to the rate of parasitism at the same time (table 2) and attention is stressed on apparent differences between parasitization of apterous and winged instars (table 3), the importance of which is discussed regarding to the amount of winged invaders the foxglove may produce by the time the potato plants are shooting. Temperature appears to exert an important r?le in this respect.

     

Parasites ofMonellia caryella [Hom.: Aphididae]: Phenology and effect on the aphid population in pecan orchards in Israel

One primary parasite,Trioxys pallidus (Haliday) (Hym.: Braconidae), and a secondary parasite,Aphidencyrtus sp., were identified from the blackmargined aphid,Monellia caryella (Fitch) (Hom.: Aphididae), in Israeli pecan orchards. The average total parasitism for all locations sampled was 13.5%. Although a hyperparasite was discovered, it had no significantly detrimental effect on the parasite. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No. 2034-E, 1987 series.     

Leptothorax (Mychothorax) kutteri N. Sp., eine sozialparasitische ameise (Hymenoptera,formicidæ)

Résumé Leptothorax (Mychothorax) kutteri n. sp. est décrit. La nouvelle espèce n'a pas d'ouvrières. Elle vit comme parasite dans des nids polygynes deLeptothorax (Mychothorax) acervorum Fabr. à côté des femelles fertilisées de cette espèce. Les colonies mixtes produisent des sexués des deux espèces. La nouvelle espèce n'a pas de spécialisations dans sa morphologie externe par comparaison avecL. acervorum. L'origine probable d'un tel parasite dans des espèces polygynes est discutée.

---

Summary Leptothorax (Mychothorax) kutteri n. sp. is described. The new species is living as a workerless social parasite in polygynous nests ofLeptothorax (Mychothorax) acervorum Fabr. together with fertilized females of this species. Sexuals of both species are bred in the mixed colonies. The new species shows no morphological specialisation in comparison withL. acervorum. The probable origin of such a social parasite in polygynous ant species is discussed.

---

Zusammenfassung Leptothorax (Mychothorax) kutteri n. sp. wird beschrieben. Die neue Art lebt sozialparasitisch in polygynen Nestern vonLeptothorax (Mychothorax) acervorum Fabr. neben begatteten dieser Art.L. kutteri ist arbeiterlos. In den gemischten Nestern werden Geschlechtstiere beider Arten aufgezogen. Die neue Art weist im äusseren Körperbau keine Spezialisierung gegenüber,L. acervorum auf. Die vermutliche Entstehung eines solchen Sozialparasiten in polygynen Ameisenarten wird diskutiert.

---

---

Vorstand: Prof. Dr.K. Gösswald.     

Lipotropha dorci n. sp. [Neogregarinida], parasite des larves deDorcus parallelipipedus L. [Coleopt. scarab.]

Résumé Des larves deDorcus parallelipipedus L. provenant de Saint-Hilaire-de-Brethmas (Gard) dans la région méditerranéenne de France et récoltées dans des troncs décomposés de chataigniers, se sont révélées intensément parasitées par des Grégarines appartenant à l'ordre desNeogregarinida. Nous étudions leur localisation dans le tissu adipeux, leur cycle, l'action pathogène sur l'h?te et discutons leur place systématique.

---

Summary Lipotropha dorci n. sp. (Neogregarinida) is a parasite developing inDorcus parallelepipedus. The parasite is situated only in the fat body which can be destroyed completely by its activity. The life cycle ofLipotropha includes only one type of schizogony with 3–4 μ long merozo?ts, the spherical uninucleate gametocytes are gathered in pairs and form 23 μ long gametokysts. These give rise to 11 to 12 μ long sporocysts with a thick, non ornamented envelope, gathered round rests of cytoplasma. The size of these different stages enables to distinguishLipotropha dorci from the already described species:Lipotropha macrospora Keilin andLipotropha microspora Keilin.

     

Reactions of adult female parasitoids, particularly Aphidius rhopalosiphi, to volatile chemical cues from the host plants of their aphid prey

Abstract. In Y-tube olfactometer tests, Aphidius ervi Hal., Trioxys sp., Praon sp., Aphelinus flavus (Nees), Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marsh.) and Aphidius rophalosiphi De Stef. responded positively to the odour of the plant on which aphid mummies containing them had been collected. The response to host plant odour was greater than the response to the odour of host aphids, their honeydew or a combination of the two. The strongest response was to a combination of plant and host aphids. A. rhopalosiphi showed a strong positive response to three wheat volatiles (cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexen-1-ol and trans-2-hexenal) as well as to indole-3-acetaldehyde (a breakdown product of tryptophan in aphid honeydew). In both olfactometer tests with odours and choice trials with whole plants, newly emerged A. rhopalosiphi distinguished and preferred the variety of wheat on which their development had occurred to other wheat varieties.     

A new egg-parasite of gipsy mothLymantria dispar (L.)

Summary Species ofScelionidae, parasiting in eggs ofLymantria dispar (L.) are mentioned and the results of use of these parasites are added. A new egg-parasite of gipsy moth —Hadronotus lymantriae n.sp. — is described. A key to Scelionid egg-parasites living inLymantria dispar (L.) is given. Attention is drawn to the fact thatH. bernardi Manev. is a nomen nudum. Finally, the author discusses the phylogenetical and taxonomical internal relations inHadronotus Foerst.

---

Résumé L'auteur mentionne les différentes espèces de Scélionides parasites des œufs deLymantria dispar (L.) et rappelle les résultats obtenus par l'utilisation de ces parasites. Un nouveau parasite des œufs de ce Bombyx,Hadronotus lymantriae n. sp., est décrit. Il est montré en outre queH. bernardi Manev. doit être considérénomen nudum. Enfin l'auteur discute les relations phylogéniques et taxonomiques des espèces du genreHadronotus Foerst.

     

A new species ofPseudaphycus [Hym.: Encyrtidae], with notes on theAngelicus group

The genusPseudaphycus Clausen and related genera are considered to belong in the subfamilyTetracneminae. P. debachi, n. sp., a parasite of the striped mealybugFerrisia virgata (Cockerell) from Mexico, is described and compared morphologically to several closely-related members of theangelicus group of species.

---

Résumé Le genrePseudaphycus Clausen et les genres voisins sont considérés appartenir à la sous-famille desTetracneminae. L'espèceP. debachi, n. sp., parasite de la cochenilleFerrisia virgata (Cockerell) du Mexique, est décrite et comparée morphologiquement à plusieurs membres très voisins du groupe d'espècesangelicus.

     

The use of visual cues in host evaluation by aphidiid wasps I. Comparison between threeAphidius parasitoids of the pea aphid

Host evaluation behaviour was examined in three species of aphid parasitoids,Aphidius ervi haliday,A. pisivorus Smith, andA. smithi Sharma & Subba Rao (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Parasitoids were provided under laboratory conditions with three kinds of hosts representing two aphid species: (green) pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and green and pink colour morphs of the alfalfa aphid,Macrosiphum creelii Davis. Females of all threeAphidius species distinguished between aphids on the basis of colour, movement, and host species. Patterns of host acceptance by parasitoids were species-specific. InA. ervi, host preference was the same in light and dark conditions: pea aphid>green alfalfa aphid≫pink alfalfa aphid. In contrast,A. pisivorus attacked and accepted pea aphid and green alfalfa aphid equally in the light and preferred both of these over pink alfalfa aphid; however, it made no distinction between pea aphid and pink alfalfa aphid in the dark. Females ofA. smithi attacked all three kinds of hosts (pea aphid>green alfalfa aphid≫pink alfalfa aphid) but apparently laid eggs only in pea aphid. The frequencies of attack and oviposition by all wasps were higher on ‘normal’ pea aphids than on those anaesthetized with CO₂. Host recognition is confirmed by chemical cues in the aphid cuticle that are detected during antennation, and host acceptance is dependent on an assessment of host quality during ovipositor probing.     

Novos Deuteromycetes da micogeografia intercontinental

Summary This paper deals with some interesting new fungi which are described as a contribution for the development of the Mycogeography.Arbuscula Batista &Peres n. gen. is studied as a member of the family Stilbaceae havingA. eugeniae Batista &Peres n. sp. on leaves ofEugenia jambolana Lam. from Lucknow, India, as the type species. Another new genus isEllisia Batista &Peres, typified byE. ingae Batista &Peres n. sp. on leaves ofInga fagifolia (L.)Willd. from Manaus. Amazonas, Brazil. Two new binomia are:Eriomycopsis paraensis Batista &Peres n. sp. on leaves ofBertholletia excelsa H.B.K. from Belem, State of Pará, Brazil,Sporidesmium americanense Batista &Peres n. sp. on leaves ofQuercus wislizenii A.D.C., from U.S.A. andSporidesmium cookei (Hughes)W. B. Ellis, on leaves of Lauraceae, from Manaus.

---

Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit bringt einige interessante neue Pilze, welche als Beitrag zur Entwicklung der Mycogeographie beschrieben werden.Arbuscula Batista &Peres n. gen. wurde studiert als ein Mitglied der Familie Stilbaceae, dessen TypusA. eugeniae Batista &Peres n. sp. sich auf Blättern vonEugenia jambolana Lam. aus Lucknow, Indien, befand. Eine andere neue Gattung istEllisia Batista &Peres, typiziert durchE. ingae Batista &Peres n. sp. auf Blättern vonInga fagifolia (L.)Willd. aus Manaus, Amazonas, Brasilien. Zwei neue Binome sind:Eriomycopsis paraensis Batista &Peres n. sp. auf Blättern vonBertholletia excelsa H.B.K. aus Belém, Staat Pará, Brasilien,Sporidesmium americanense Batista &Peres n. sp. auf Blättern vonQuercus wislizenii A.D.C. aus U.S.A. undSporidesmium cookei (Hughes)W. B. Ellis, auf Blättern von Lauraceae, aus Manaus, Amazonas.

---

---

Dedicado à Mrmória do Prof.Raffaele Ciferri     

Devenir de l’œuf et comportement de la larve dePhanerotoma flavitestacea [Hym.: Braconidae] lorsque la femelle pond dans des œufs d’Anagasta kuehniella [Lep.: Pyralidae] ayant atteint des stades de développement variés

Résumé Quand des œufs d’ages variés (1 h à 5 j) du lépidoptèreAnagasta kuehniella Zell. sont offerts aux femelles parasites dePhanerotoma flavitestacea Fisch., l’endroit où l’œuf du parasite est déposé, dépend du stade de développement de l’œuf h?te au moment de l’oviposition. Lorsque l’œuf h?te est agé de 1 h à 3 j, la ponte a lieu dans le vitellus. Par contre, si l’œuf du parasite est déposé dans un œuf agé de 4 jours ou plus, il est directement pondu dans l’embryon h?te. Selon ces résultats, il semble que la pénétration de l’œuf du parasite ou de la larve est due uniquement à un mouvement passif causé par la migration du vitellus dans le tube digestif moyen de l’embryon h?te. Ces différents points et l’effet de la piq?re de l’ovipositeur sur l’embryon h?te, la nature de l’élimination des larves surnuméraires sont discutés.

---

Summary When lepidopterous eggs of varied ages (1 hour to 5 days) are offered to parasitic females ofPhanerotoma flavitestacea Fisch., the location where the parasitic egg is deposited, depends on the developmental stage of the host egg at the time of oviposition. When the host egg is 1 hour to 3 days old, the laying takes place in the yolk. On the other hand, if the parasite egg is deposited in a four day old or an older host egg, it is directly laid in the host embryo. According to these results, it seems that the penetration of the parasitic egg or larva is only a passive movement caused by the migration of the yolk into the midgut of the host embryo. These different points and the effect of the sting of the ovipositor on the host embryo, the nature of the elimination of the supernumerary larva, are discussed.

     

Kritische Betrachtungen zur Nomenklatur argentinischer Wildkartoffeln

Summary Based on field studies in the Argentinian and Bolivian high mountains during the last 7 years, the author continues his series of critical remarks on the taxonomy of Argentine wild potatoes. The present publication Nr. VI, is dedicated to the groupAlticola (=Megistacroloba), with the Argentine speciesS. alticolum, tilcarense, megistacrolobum, xanthotrichum, catamarcae (=sanctae rosae). The author found that the above mentioned species have the common number 2n=24 of chromosomes. A high frostresistance was observed in the whole seriesAlticola in the natural habitats, resisting in blossom estate snowfall and nightfrosts.According to the author one should maintain the taxonsalticolum andmegistacrolobum created byBitter, whilst the new names, astilcarense, xanthotrichum, sanctae-rosae created byHawkes during the last decade are merely synonyms ofBitter's species. Especially the last name should be suppressed in favor of the previous termS. catamarcae, proposed 50 years ago byBitter (see Herbar of Field Museum) for this typical endemic species of the mountains of the Prov. Catamarca.

---

---

Mit 9 Abbildungen     

Trichosporon figueirae n. sp. assinalado como fungo intestinal

Summary Trichosporon figueirae Bat. Silv. n. sp. is described as a fungus of intestinal anormal mycoflore.

---

---

Publicação no 171     

Dois novos taxa de Sphaeropsidaceae sôbre Palmaceae

Summary This paper deals with two new fungi studied on Palmaceae:Asteromella cocoes Batista &Bezerra n. sp. on leaves ofCocos nucifera L. andAsteropsis insectorum Batista &Bezerra n. sp. onCoccideae scales on leaves ofOenocarpus distichus Mart.

---

Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit beschreibt zwei neue Pilze, welche auf Palmaceae studiert wurden:Asteromella cocoes Batista &Bezerra n. sp. auf Blättern vonCocos nucifera L. undAsteropsis insectorum Batista &Bezerra n. sp. aufCoccideae Schuppen auf Blättern vonOenocarpus distichus Mart.

---

---

Dedicado à Memória do Prof.Raffaele Ciferri     

Comportement naturel des Coccinelles aphidiphages du Sud-Est de la France: Leur type de spécificité, leur action prédatrice surAphis fabae L.

Summary The use ofCoccinellidae in the Biological control of aphid pests must be based on a thorough knowledge of their host specificity. The present work is a discussion of this problem in the case of aphidophagous predators in the South eastern part of France. Adult coccinellids are able to disperse widely and to discover many aphid pullulations, some of these are unsuitable for egg production and other-ones do not allow larval nutrition, moreover a little number have a toxic effect (at least when they feed on certain host-plants). The incidence of spatial distribution of adults has been discussed in a previous paper (Iperti, 1965). The different consequences of these facts on the natural control ofAphis fabae L. are shown and some general conclusions drawn on the possibility of improving biological control by coccinellids.

---

---

Communication présentée au ?Symposium Ecology of Aphidophagous insects? Praha-Liblice, 27 IX-1 X 1965.     

Aphytis riyadhi n. sp. [Hym.: Aphelinidae], a parasite ofAonidiella spp. [Hom.: Diaspididae]

A new species ofAphytis reared fromAonidiella orientalis collected from citrus in Saudi Arabia is described and compared morphologically with four other closely relatedAphytis species.

---

Résumé Aphytis riyahdi n. sp., parasite deAonidiella orientalis (Newst.) en Arabie Saoudite a été importé en Californie pour procéder à des lachers contreAonidiella aurantii (Maskell) afin d'améliorer la lutte biologique contre cette cochenille dans une zone de vaste superficie et de climats variés.