Obtention de I-D-ribofuranosylade´nines

The I-D-ribosyladenines have been obtained by treatment of 5-amino-4-cyanoimidazole (N-substituted or not) with ethyl N-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranosyl)formimidate. The anomeric mixtures of the corresponding O-isoprophylidene nucleoside have been separated and the anomer fully characterized. In neutral aqueous medium, these compounds are transformed into an anomeric mixture of the corresponding 6-D-ribofuranosyladenine. In basic medium, however, anomerisation of the starting compounds to give an α,β equilibrium, in which the α anomer preponderates, takes place.     

Calidad de la alimentación de adultos mayores de Santiago de Chile

IntroductionWith the increase in the elderly population of Chile, it is very important to evaluate the quality of food of this age group using simple and quick tools.ObjectiveTo compare the food quality of the elderly, according to gender and age.Material and methodsA cross sectional study was conducted on 458 elderly subjects ≥ 60 years-old of Santiago de Chile. Each one of them were interviewed in their home using the Food Quality Survey for Elderly (FQSE). The objective of this survey is to measure the quality of the food and preparations considered healthy and/or unhealthy for elderly. Weight and height, was obtained from the control document of the elderly.ResultsMen consume a higher number of unhealthy foods compared to women (P = .01). On comparing ages, those over 80 years-old consumed less unhealthy foods (P = .01). The elderly obese showed a lower score in unhealthy eating habits and total intake score.ConclusionWomen eat healthier compared to men, and better eating habits are observed at an older age, especially in men. Finally, on comparing nutritional status, the elderly obese are those who eat in the most inadequate form.     

Ingesta dietética de los estudiantes de secundaria de la ciudad de Badajoz

ObjectivesTo quantify dietary intake of secondary education students in Badajoz, Spain, evaluating food frequency use in teenagers of both sexes.Material and methodsThe study sample consisted of 1197 secondary education students (49.9% male and 50.1% female). After giving informed consent, they completed a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including 51 food items divided into five separate categories. This questionnaire was modified from the one used at the Valencian Community in 2003 and previously validated in a pilot study on 374 students.ResultsMale and females students reported higher intakes of 70.6% and 17.6% of foods analyzed respectively, while intake of 11.8% of food items was similar in both sexes. Sex differences were statistically significant for 35% of foods (of which 72% and 28% were taken more frequently by males and females respectively). Intake of milk and dairy products appeared to be adequate, while intake of fish and seafood was low consumption of meat products was high. Intake of vegetables, fruits, bread, and cereals was below the recommended levels. Intake of pasta, rice, and oils was adequate, and there was not a high consumptio of cookies or industrial pastries. There was an excess intake of sweets, but intake of soft drinks was not high.ConclusionsThese results show intermediate values as compared to other national surveys.     

Effets de l'interrénalectomie sur la structure histologique de l'hypophyse et de quelques tissus de l'anguille

Résumé L'interrénalectomie, comprenant l'ablation des veines cardinales antérieures et postérieures, a été pratiquée par Monsieur Daniel Chan, chez l'Anguille Européenne. Elle ne laisse subsister que des reliquats infimes d'interrénal chez quelques individus seulement; elle permet donc l'étude des réactions histologiques d'autres glandes endocrines à la disparition des hormones corticales.L'interrénalectomie est suivie, en 8 à 9 jours, d'une hypertrophie très marquée des cellules corticotropes hypophysaires qui se dégranulent et se vacuolisent; cette réaction semble un peu plus complète en eau douce qu'en eau de mer. Elle est comparable à celle produite par les substances corticolytiques ou cortico-inhibitrices utilisées antérieurement, sans toutefois déclencher d'activité mitotique. Les restes de tissu interrénalien, malgré une image d'hyperactivité, paraissent avoir un volume insuffisant pour affecter nettement la réponse de l'hypophyse.Les Anguilles interrénalectomisées présentent simultanément une déplétion du tissu lymphoïde du rein, une stimulation des corpuscules de Stannius, une activation des cellules somatotropes de l'adénohypophyse, et une raréfaction du neurosécrétat du noyau préoptique et de la neurohypophyse. Cependant, ces modifications n'apparaissent pas spécifiques de l'ablation de l'interrénal car elles se retrouvent en partie chez les Anguilles témoins opérées, qui ont aussi des cellules corticotropes souvent hypertrophiées, un interrénal plus actif que normalement, et des cellules phéochromes volumineuses. Le système hypophyse-thyroïdien semble peu affecté 9 jours après l'exérèse de l'interrénal; les cellules à prolactine sont plus actives en eau douce qu'en eau de mer, en accord avec des résultats antérieurs, sans paraître réagir à l'insuffisance corticosurrénalienne ainsi créée.

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Summary Adrenalectomy, including the removal of the anterior and posterior cardinal veins, was performed on the European eel by Mr D. Chan. Only small remnants could be identified in a few animals. Reactions of other endocrine glands to this surgical adrenalectomy were studied.8 to 9 days after adrenalectomy, the corticotrophic cells of the pituitary gland show an hypertrophy, a degranulation and a vacuolization, these processes being perhaps more intense in freshwater than in sea water. This stimulation is similar to that produced by corticolytic or cortico-inhibiting drugs previously tested, but no mitotic activity was observed after adrenalectomy.The remnants of interrenal, which appear hyperactive, do not seem to affect the intensity of response of the hypophysial corticotrophs, probably because of being too small in size.The adrenalectomized eels have also a depleted lymphoid kidney tissue, stimulated corpuscles of Stannius, active somatotrophic cells in the proximal pars distalis, and a reduced neurosecretory material in the preoptic nucleus and the neurohypophysis. However, these last modifications do not appear characteristic of adrenalectomy, as they can be observed in the sham operated eels too. Sham adrenalectomy induces some hypertrophy of the corticotrophic cells, a stimulation of the interrenal and a volume increase of the chromaffin cells. The pituitary-thyroid axis is not clearly affected 9 days after adrenalectomy; the prolactin cells are more active in freshwater than in sea water, corroborating previous findings, but they do not appear to react to the adrenal insufficiency.

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Une partie de ce travail a été réalisée en collaboration avec le Groupe de Biologie Marine du CEA, à la Station Zoologique de Villefranche-sur-Mer. Nous remercions très vivement Mr. D. Chan, de l'Université de Sheffield, qui nous a permis de prélever les glandes endocrines des animaux qu'il a opérés. Nous remercions aussi le Dr. J. Maetz de l'accueil si amical qu'il nous a réservé dans le Groupe de Biologie Marine du CEA qu'il dirige, et le Pr P. Bougis pour les facilités de travail accordées pendant notre séjour à la Station Zoologique de Villefranche-sur-Mer. Nous exprimons notre vive reconnaissance au CEA qui a bien voulu accepter de subventionner ce travail.     

Propuesta de desarrollo de una unidad de oncogeriatría. Tiempos de cambio: nuestra realidad

Age is one of the main risk factors for the development of cancer. It is expected that the progressive aging of the population will have an unprecedented impact on the incidence of various tumours. In fact, the management of elderly cancer patients is already a major public health problem in developed countries. However, elderly patients have systematically been excluded from cancer drug studies or protocol development. This has left health professionals in uncharted territory, without proper tools to address the multiple difficulties that arise in the treatment of these patients. A comprehensive geriatric assessment may serve as an ideal tool for the correct detection of hidden problems, facilitating treatment decisions in these complex patients, and integrating the care of patients with comorbidities.     

Applications de la spectrométrie de masse de type MALDI-TOF en microbiologie

In the last few years, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has been introduced in clinical laboratories for routine identification. Initially used for research, MALDI-TOF-MS allows rapid and accurate identification of the main microorganisms isolated from clinical samples, by intact cell mass spectrometry or directly from positive blood culture or urines. Other applications are being in processed as bacterial typing, research and detection of antibiotic resistance or particularly virulent strains.     

Determinación de perfiles de producción de metabolitos secundarios característicos de especies del género Alternaria aisladas de tomate

BackgroundMany Alternaria species have been studied for their ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, such as tentoxin (TEN), some of which have toxic properties. The main food contaminant toxins are tenuazonic acid, alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene, and altertoxins i, ii and iii.AimsTo determine the profiles of secondary metabolites characteristic of Alternaria strains isolated from tomato for their chemotaxonomic classification.MethodsThe profiles of secondary metabolites were determined by HPLC MS.ResultsThe Alternaria isolates obtained from spoiled tomatoes belong, according to their morphological characteristics, to the species groups Alternaria alternata, Alternaria tenuissima and Alternaria arborescens, with A. tenuissima being the most frequent. The most frequent profiles of secondary metabolites belonging to the species groups A. alternata (AOH, AME, TEN), A. tenuissima (AOH, AME, TEN, tenuazonic acid) and A. arborescens (AOH, AME, TEN, tenuazonic acid) were determined, with some isolates of the latter being able to synthesize AAL toxins.ConclusionsSecondary metabolite profiles are a useful tool for the differentiation of small spored Alternaria isolates not easily identifiable by their morphological characteristics.     

Impacto funcional de la fractura de pelvis por fragilidad. Descripción de una serie de casos consultados al servicio de Geriatría

Introduction

The prevalence of pelvic fracture (PF) due to frailty is increasing, leading to an increase in functional impairment in the patient, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to gain knowledge about the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the functional features, of patients admitted to hospital with PF and evaluated by a Geriatrics department. The functional burden of PF and the potential influence of geriatric interventions are also assessed.