克隆、表达及纯化核糖体蛋白S6用于体外激酶活性检测

目的:构建40S核糖体蛋白S6的原核表达载体,表达并纯化S6蛋白,将其作为底物用于S6激酶(S6K)的体外活性测定。方法:采用RT-PCR方法从人胚肾细胞HEK293中获取S6 cDNA,将扩增产物克隆至大肠杆菌表达载体中,进行酶切及测序鉴定;IPTG诱导GST-S6融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达,用谷胱甘肽亲和层析纯化GST-S6,免疫沉淀法检测该蛋白是否可作为底物用于S6K的体外激酶活性测定。结果:酶切及测序鉴定表明构建了S6原核表达载体,并表达及纯化出GST-S6融合蛋白,相对分子质量为55×103。该蛋白可用于S6K的体外激酶活性测定,特异性强。结论:S6蛋白的克隆、表达与纯化成功,可用于S6K的体外激酶活性测定,为研究S6K的功能奠定了基础。     

重组人EGF-IL-18融合蛋白的表达纯化及复性

融合基因EGF-IL-18与表达载体pET32a( )连接构建融合型原核表达质粒pET32a( )-EGF-IL-18。该基因在E.coliRosetta(DE3)中获得高效表达,SDS-PAGE分析表明表达产物大部分以包涵体形式存在。以2mol/L尿素和1%TritonX-100对包涵体进行反复洗涤后,利用离子交换柱层析对包涵体进行柱上复性,结果表明离子交换层析柱上复性不仅能够获得可溶性的EGF-IL-18融合蛋白,而且产物同时得到纯化,纯度大于90%。复性的EGF-IL-18经分子筛进一步纯化后,体外实验证明具有促进人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)IFN-g基因表达的能力。该方法简单、高效,为进一步开展EGF-IL-18的动物实验及其大量纯化制备打下基础。     

抗人线粒体核糖体小亚基蛋白17单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

以纯化人线粒体核糖体小亚基蛋白17(MRPS17)免疫BALB/c小鼠,经细胞融合和ELISA法筛选成功获得1株抗MRPS17杂交瘤细胞。以所获特异性单抗作为一抗,使用Western印迹、免疫组化和免疫荧光等方法检测标本中MRPS17。结果显示:Western印迹检测人骨骼肌组织、黑素瘤组织和体外培养HeLa细胞提取蛋白质,在分子量约13kDa处有一特异性条带,与阳性对照纯化MRPS17相一致;免疫组化检测石蜡切片标本显示人骨骼肌细胞和恶性黑素瘤细胞胞浆中强阳性着色;细胞免疫荧光检测于培养的HeLa细胞,可见细胞核周围胞浆部位颗粒状绿色荧光,其分布与线粒体特异性荧光探针(MitoTrackerRedCM-H2XRos)的荧光分布一致。说明成功制备了具有高度特异性并可适用于多种检测方法的抗人MRPS17单抗,应用该单克隆抗体对人MRPS17进行了亚细胞水平定位,为线粒体生物学相关研究提供了新的研究工具。     

Human Ribosomal Protein S26 Inhibits Splicing of Its Own Pre-mRNA

In vitro splicing was studied for a human ribosomal protein (rp) S26 pre-mRNA fragment containing the first exon, first intron, and a part of the second exon. Splicing yielded two products, one corresponding to a fragment of the mature rpS26 mRNA and the other retaining the 19 3-terminal nucleotides of the first intron between the first and second exons. Recombinant rpS26 inhibited generation of both splicing products in vitro. The inhibition was specific, because another recombinant human rp, S19, had no effect on the splicing of the pre-mRNA fragment. Toe-printing was used to map the rpS26-binding sites of the pre-mRNA in the regions of the conventional and alternative 3 splicing sites of the first intron. On the strength of the results, rpS26 was assumed to regulate the expression of its own gene at the level of pre-mRNA splicing via a feedback mechanism.     

Ribosomal protein-dependent orientation of the 16 S rRNA environment of S15

Ribosomal protein S15 binds specifically to the central domain of 16 S ribosomal RNA (16 S rRNA) and directs the assembly of four additional proteins to this domain. The central domain of 16 S rRNA along with these five proteins form the platform of the 30 S subunit. Previously, directed hydroxyl radical probing from Fe(II)-S15 in small ribonucleoprotein complexes was used to study assembly of the central domain of 16 S rRNA. Here, this same approach was used to understand the 16 S rRNA environment of Fe(II)-S15 in 30 S subunits and to determine the ribosomal proteins that are involved in forming the mature S15-16 S rRNA environment. We have identified additional sites of Fe(II)-S15-directed cleavage in 30S subunits compared to the binary complex of Fe(II)-S15/16 S rRNA. Along with novel targets in the central domain, sites within the 5' and 3' minor domains are also cleaved. This suggests that during the course of 30S subunit assembly these elements are positioned in the vicinity of S15. Besides the previously determined role for S8, roles for S5, S6+S18, and S16 in altering the 16 S rRNA environment of S15 were established. These studies reveal that ribosomal proteins can alter the assembly of regions of the 30 S subunit from a considerable distance and influence the overall conformation of this ribonucleoprotein particle.     

细胞周期决定核糖体蛋白S6在真核细胞核仁中的聚积

核糖体蛋白S6（rpS6）是核糖体40S小亚基的核心组成蛋白之一。研究表明,rpS6可以通过核定位信号进入细胞核中,在核仁中参与核糖体的组装。在该研究中发现,rpS6在高等真核细胞核仁中的聚积与细胞周期有关,rpS6在S期中晚期开始在核仁中聚积,G2期含量达到最高,M期核仁分解时消失。推测,rpS6在核仁中的这种分布特性可能与核糖体的合成随细胞周期变化有关。     

人源CLP的表达、纯化及生化特性研究

目的：为进一步研究CLP（coactosin-likeprotein）与5’-脂氧合酶、肌动蛋白的相互作用机制及功能,开展CLP克隆表达、分离纯化研究,以得到高纯度的CLP,并对其生物化学特性进行分析测定。方法：从人的胎肝cDNA文库中经PCR扩增得到CLP基因,克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1中并获得高效表达,经过Glutathione Sepharose 4B亲和层析和Su-perdex 75分子筛纯化,得到高纯度的CLP;在此基础上进行SDS-PAGE、动态光散射和分析型超速离心等实验,并进一步分析实验结果。结果：CLP在溶液中主要以单体形式呈现;CLP的摩擦率为1．909,证实该蛋白质具有线性化趋势存在的可能性,且线性化程度较高。结论：实验结果揭示了CLP作为线性化蛋白质的可能性,为进一步搭建CLP和丝状肌动蛋白的作用模型奠定了一定的数据基础。     

泛肽、核糖体蛋白及泛肽-核糖体蛋白S27a与肿瘤的关系

泛肽-核糖体蛋白S27a(Ubiquitin-ribosomal protein S27a,UBRS27a)是泛肽和核糖体蛋白的融合蛋白,N端为泛肽,C端由含C2-C2型锌指结构域的高度保守核糖体蛋白S27a构成。在真核细胞中表达时,被酶解成泛肽和核糖体蛋白。该多功能核糖体蛋白在各种活性增殖细胞和瘤组织中高度表达,在多种类型的肿瘤细胞中,该基因的过量表达是一个典型特征。本实验室对该蛋白在家蚕中的作了初步研究,也发现RPS27a在活性增殖细胞中表达量很高。大多数核糖体蛋白的功能还没有完全探明,它们不仅仅在组装成核糖体时起作用,往往还有核糖体外的功能。回顾了最近几年有关该融合蛋白以及与它相关的泛肽途径、核糖体蛋白与肿瘤之间的关系。通过对它们的研究,有可能预示肿瘤的发生和发展,并为肿瘤临床诊断提供依据,为恶性肿瘤的治疗提供靶点。     

重组人白细胞介素15融合蛋白的表达、纯化及免疫原性检测

目的:以白细胞介素15(IL-15)为靶点,研制类风湿性关节炎免疫治疗蛋白疫苗。方法:将N端融合破伤风类毒素(TT)表位的人IL-15基因克隆至带有His标签的原核表达载体pQE-30上,转化大肠杆菌M15,经IPTG诱导表达,获得重组人TT-IL-15融合蛋白(简称rtIL-15);目的蛋白经镍柱亲和层析纯化后,用Western印迹和HPLC进行鉴定;将rtIL-15与氢氧化铝佐剂混合,免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测疫苗的免疫原性。结果:双酶切鉴定和核苷酸序列测定结果表明重组融合表达质粒pQE-30-TT-IL-15构建正确,重组蛋白的表达量达到菌体总蛋白的20%,主要以包涵体形式表达,经过纯化、复性后,目的蛋白纯度达到95%以上;蛋白疫苗免疫小鼠后,能诱导高滴度的特异性的IL-15抗体。结论:在大肠杆菌中表达了重组人IL-15融合蛋白疫苗,并具有良好的免疫原性。     

SARS病毒S蛋白片段的克隆表达和纯化

以大肠杆菌表达载体pET22b为载体,直接表达SARS病毒S蛋白425-569及894-1033等2片段。表达所获得的包涵体形式蛋白经尿素溶解后分别经过2次离子交换层析,获得初步纯化。在酸性和低尿素浓度环境中,2种S蛋白片段极易沉淀。Western印迹鉴定显示其与抗SARS病毒血清呈阳性反应。获得的纯化蛋白可用于检验受体结合能力等研究。     

High-Resolution Mapping of Ribosomal Protein Genes to Human Chromosome 19

In a systematic effort for mapping of all the human ribosomalprotein (rp) genes, we have found that an unusually large number(12) of rp genes are present on chromosome 19 and subsequentlydetermined their locations on the chromosome by a radiation-hybridprocedure. For this, we isolated cosmid clones correspondingto each gene and placed nine of them on a metric physical mapof chromosome 19. Although most genes are scattered over thechromosome, we found three genes are clustered in a 0.6-Mb regionat 19q13.3 and two of them, RPL13A and RPS11, within a singlecosmid only 4.3 kb apart. To explore a possible relationshipbetween rp gene defects and human disease, we compared map positionsof the rpgenes and disease loci on chromosome 19, which ledus to find RPS9 gene in the same interval as the gene for retinitispigmentosa 11. The disease locus has previously been mappedto the 6-cM interval at 19q13.4 between markers D19S572 andD19S926, which corresponds to less than 2-Mb region on the metricphysical map. We mapped RPS9 about 800 kb distal to D19S572.     

融合牛肠激酶轻链EKL包涵体蛋白的复性纯化

大肠杆菌高密度发酵表达肠激酶轻链融合蛋白DsbA-rEKL,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经4mol/L尿素和0.5%TritonX-100洗涤,以6mol/L盐酸胍、100mmol/LDTT溶解,在胱氨酸存在下,以脉冲加样方式复性。融合蛋白复性在6mmol/L胱氨酸存在下、脉冲加量0.03mg/mL和复性终蛋白浓度0.3mg/mL为最佳复性方案。复性的融合蛋白加2mmol/LCaCL2后快速自切。经IDA-Sepharose及Q-Sepharose纯化,rEKL纯度可达95%以上,可高效酶切重组瑞特普酶融合蛋白Trx-rPA。实现了大规模生产rEKL,每升发酵液经复性及纯化后,可得rEKL60mg/L以上,使以融合蛋白表达rPA等药用蛋白成为现实。     

二硫键异构酶的纯化及其对重组蛋白体外折叠的影响

自牛肝中纯化了蛋白二硫键异构酶(PDI),并对重组蛋白的酶促折叠过程进行了探讨．结果表明。在等摩尔PDl的催化作用下,可使1mg／ml的IIJ-2的正确折叠率提高到58%以上,比活性由4×10⁶u／mg增加到8．2×10⁶u／mg,PDl还能部分纠正二硫键错配的IL-2异构体成为正确折叠的lL-2和防止IL-2通过cys的链问交联形成聚合体。GM-CSF在PDl催化下也有类似的结果。PDl作用的关键是它所催化的琉基一二硫键的交换反应。     

皖南尖吻蝮蛇毒I型金属蛋白酶Acutolysin A的表达、重折叠及其生物学活性

将皖南尖吻蝮蛇毒I型金属蛋白酶acutolysinA基因克隆进原核表达载体pBAD/gIIIA后得到重组表达质粒 pDS。在 0 .0 2 %的L ( ) 阿拉伯糖的诱导下 ,质粒pDS在E .coliTOP1 0中表达了重组acutolysinA。与其天然形式相比 ,重组蛋白质在N端和C端各增加了 2 2个和 8个氨基酸残基 (均源于载体序列 ) ,并以包含体的形式存在于胞质中 ,表达量约占菌体总蛋白质的 5 %～ 1 0 %。在经 8mol/L尿素或 6mol/L盐酸胍变性及体外复性后 ,重组蛋白质获得了良好的免疫学及生物学活性。Western印迹及ELISA实验表明 ,天然金属蛋白酶acutolysinA与重组蛋白质具有良好的免疫反应相关性。动物实验表明 ,复性的重组蛋白质能明显引起皮下出血 ,其最低出血剂量约为 2 0 μg左右。1mmol/LEDTA、1mmol/LEGTA及 3mmol/L咪唑均能不同程度的抑制天然及重组金属蛋白酶的出血活性。PMSF没有明显的抑制效果。并对出血毒金属蛋白酶的出血机制进行了探讨     

Expression of the Ribosomal Protein S14 in Lupin Cotyledons is Stimulated by Cytokinin and Inhibited by Abscisic Acid and Light

Abstract: Phytohormones are important intracellular components in controlling plant growth and development. By employing the differential display method, we have identified several genes which are upregulated by cytokinins and downregulated by abscisic acid in detached lupin cytoledons. One of the genes encodes the ribosomal protein S14 (rps14). The plant gene is highly homologous to rps14 genes from mammalian organisms. rps14 exhibits additional novel features: its mRNA level is developmentally expressed, and only detectable in young tissue. In addition, the steady-state mRNA level is high in dark-adapted lupin cotyledons and strongly down-regulated by light. These data suggest that rps14 might play a role in coupling translational processes to endogenous (developmental and hormonal) and exogenous (light) regulatory processes during early stages of plant development.     

人vasorin蛋白的基因克隆、表达及纯化简

目的：克隆、表达人vasorin（VASN）蛋白。方法：利用PCR方法从HepG2细胞的cDNA中扩增获得目的基因,并插入带有6xHis标签的原核高效可溶性表达载体pET28a中,构建重组表达质粒pET28a-VASN,将重组表达质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,经IPTG诱导后目的基因获得表达,对融合目的蛋白进行Ni^2＋金属螯合柱纯化。结果：内切酶鉴定及基因序列测定证实重组表达质粒构建成功;对目的蛋白进行了原核表达,SDS-PAGE显示相对分子质量为61x10^3的特异表达条带;Western印迹证实目的蛋白为VASN,且主要以包涵体形式存在;对经尿素变性的表达产物进行了亲和层析纯化,有利于以后的变性、复性过程。结论：获得了人VASN融合蛋白,为其进一步的生物学功能研究奠定了基础。     

Refolding of the Fusion Protein of Recombinant Enterokinase Light Chain rEKL

The fusion protein of enterokinase light chain, DsbA-rEK_L, was expressed mainly in the inclusion body in E. coli. The recombinant bacteria were fermented to high density, with high expression of the fusion protein. After being washed with 0.5 % Triton X-100 and 4 mol/L urea, the inclusion body was dissolved in 6 mol/L guanidine and 100 mmol/L DTT, derivatized by cystine and refolded by pulse refolding. The strategy of pulse refolding involved the addition of 0.03 mg/mL of fusion protein until its final concentration reached 0.3 mg/mL. The refolded protein was autocleaved, and the active EK_L molecule was released after the addition of 2 mmol/L of CaCl₂. Using the two-step purification processes of IDA-Sepharose chromatography and Q-Sepharose chromatography, the purity of rEK_L was found to be above 95 %, with a high activity to cleave the recombinant reteplase fusion protein, Trx-rPA. The yield of purified rEK_L was more than 60 mg/L of cultures. As a result, the therapeutic proteins like rPA could be produced on a large scale in a way such as expressed in the form of fusion proteins.     

Role of N-terminal helix in interaction of ribosomal protein S15 with 16S rRNA

The position and conformation of the N-terminal helix of free ribosomal protein S15 was earlier found to be modified under various conditions. This variability was supposed to provide the recognition by the protein of its specific site on 16S rRNA. To test this hypothesis, we substituted some amino acid residues in this helix and assessed effects of these substitutions on the affinity of the protein for 16S rRNA. The crystal structure of the complex of one of these mutants (Thr3Cys S15) with the 16S rRNA fragment was determined, and a computer model of the complex containing another mutant (Gln8Met S15) was designed. The available and new information was analyzed in detail, and the N-terminal helix was concluded to play no significant role in the specific binding of the S15 protein to its target on 16S rRNA.     

重组SARS冠状病毒刺突蛋白的表达和分离纯化

SARS冠状病毒的感染能引发人的严重急性呼吸综合征。根据对其他种类冠状病毒的研究结果 ,刺突(spike)蛋白 (S蛋白 )是病毒的主要表面抗原 ,重组S蛋白可用于临床诊治 ,疫苗制备和结构生物学研究。SARS病毒S蛋白基因被分段和完整地克隆到不同的细菌表达载体进行了表达。通过宿主菌的选择和条件的优化 ,其中75 1～ 192 5bp、2 0 0 5～ 3410bp、1～ 192 5bp、32～ 36 5 9bp片段及全长 1～ 376 8bpDNA都在大肠杆菌中实现了高效表达 ,表达量分别占菌体蛋白质的 35 %、34%、2 4 %、17%和 5 % ,并经亲和层析得到了部分纯化。纯化后的蛋白质将用于诊断试剂和结构生物学研究。