老年性便秘肠道菌群的微生态学研究

目的 :了解老年性便秘患者肠道菌群构成特点。方法 :通过活菌定量培养计数法 ,动态观察 30例老年性便秘患者粪菌群的变化规律 ,并与 32例健康老年人比较。结果 :老年性便秘组每克粪便的活菌数(x± s)分别为 :大肠埃希菌 9.90± 1.4 9,肠球菌 7.81± 2 .6 8,乳酸杆菌 7.2 7± 1.0 1,双歧杆菌 6 .6 8± 1.2 9,类杆菌 6 .92± 0 .91,梭杆菌 10 .0 5± 1.2 1。老年健康组每克粪便各类活菌数 (x± s)分别是 :大肠埃希菌8.6 1± 2 .2 9,肠球菌 7.5 4± 2 .5 2 ,乳酸杆菌 8.2 2± 0 .6 3,双歧杆菌 9.86± 0 .4 4 ,类杆菌 9.4 1± 0 .35 ,梭杆菌7.73± 1.32。两组比较 ,老年性便秘组肠杆菌显著增高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,梭杆菌非常显著性增高 (P<0 .0 1) ;类杆菌和双歧杆菌非常显著性减低 (均 P<0 .0 1) ;乳酸杆菌显著性减低 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :老年性便秘病人肠道菌群正常结构的生态平衡受到破坏 ,主要表现在以双歧杆菌为主的有益菌数量非常显著性减低 ,腐败梭菌等条件致病菌数量呈非常显著性或显著性增高。     

奶犊牛直肠主要正常菌群的检测及其定植规律

采用稀释滴种法,对奶犊牛直肠内容物8种主要正常菌群（双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、真杆菌、类杆菌、大肠杆菌、消化球菌、梭菌、肠球菌）进行定性和定量分析,将所得结果进行统计学处理,得到奶犊牛直肠八种主要正常菌群的对数均值。犊牛出生6h后可检测到大肠菌、类杆菌和梭菌;12h后,8种菌群全部检测出来,并以大肠杆菌、类杆菌和梭菌为优势菌。随着厌氧菌大量增殖,需氧菌和兼性厌菌逐渐下降,1周后形成以乳杆菌、双歧杆菌为优势菌群的微生态区系。8种细菌的数量随饲草采食量增加呈下降趋势。断奶后1个月完成定植,此时直肠的优势菌是双枝杆菌、真杆菌,为7－8（logCFU/g),然后依次为乳杆菌、梭菌7(logCFU/g),类杆菌、大肠杆菌、消化球菌6(logCFU/g) ,肠球菌5（logCFU/g)。     

酪酸梭菌--婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节试验

目的　观察酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对受试人群肠道菌群的影响。方法　检测受试者服用前后的肠道菌群并计数。结果　肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌的数量无明显变化 ,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加 ,差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,结论　酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂具有一定的调节人体肠道菌群、增殖双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用。     

酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻患者肠道菌群的影响

给慢性腹泻病人口服酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂,然后检测患者服药前后的肠道菌群变化.患者服用药品后,葡萄球菌、酵母菌、消化球菌、真杆菌和小梭菌的数量无明显变化,肠杆菌、肠球菌的数量明显减少,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,其中肠球菌、肠杆菌、拟杆菌和双歧杆菌的变化有显著性(P﹤0.05),提示酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻病人的肠道菌群具有明显的影响、具有增殖拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用.     

肠道菌群正常参考值的检测

目的定性定量检测并比较杭州地区健康青壮年及老年人群肠道主要菌群(双歧杆菌属、类杆菌属、消化链球菌属、产气荚膜梭菌、乳杆菌属、肠杆菌科、肠球菌属及酵母菌等)的正常参考值,同时计算并比较双歧杆菌属细菌数量与肠杆菌科细菌数量的对数值比值(B/E值).方法采用光冈法 .结果老年组肠道双歧杆菌数量及B/E值较青壮年组均显著减少(P＜0.05, P＜0.001);消化链球菌、肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加(P＜0.01,P ＜0 .001,P＜0.05).结论在获得肠道菌群正常参考值的同时,发现随着年龄的增加,老年人肠道双歧杆菌数量明显减少,肠杆菌科及肠球菌细菌数量显著增加.     

肠道菌群分析及粪便炎性标志物检测在 炎症性肠病活动度评估中的作用

目的探讨肠道菌群和粪便炎性标志物在炎症性肠病(IBD)活动度评估中的临床价值。方法共纳入120例IBD患者为研究组,其中溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者68例,克罗恩病(CD)患者52例。选择30例经结肠镜检查正常的健康体检者为对照组。采集全部研究对象的新鲜粪便标本进行粪便细菌培养及炎性标志物检测,比较不同疾病活动度IBD患者的肠道菌群及粪便钙卫蛋白(FC)、乳铁蛋白(LF)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、髓过氧化酶(MPO)水平的变化。结果与对照组比,UC和CD患者肠道中肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌、消化球菌及酵母菌数量均明显增加(P0.05),双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及真杆菌数量明显减少(P0.05)。UC患者梭菌数量较对照组增加(P0.05),CD患者梭菌数量较对照组减少(P0.05)。UC、CD活动期患者肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌、消化球菌及酵母菌数量明显多于缓解期患者(P0.05),双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及真杆菌数量明显少于缓解期患者(P0.05),且重度活动期患者肠道菌群改变较轻、中度活动期改变更明显(P0.05)。UC活动期患者梭菌数量明显多于缓解期(P0.05),CD活动期患者梭菌数量明显少于缓解期(P0.05)。UC和CD患者粪便中FC、LF、MMP-9及MPO水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。UC、CD活动期患者FC、LF、MMP-9及MPO水平显著高于缓解期患者(P0.05),且重度活动期患者高于轻、中度活动期患者(P0.05)。结论肠道菌群变化和粪便中FC、LF、MMP-9及MPO水平可作为IBD患者疾病活动性评估的辅助指标。     

溃疡性结肠炎患者血清IL-1β、C反应蛋白及髓过氧化物酶水平与肠道菌群的关系CSCD

目的 探讨溃疡性结肠炎患者血清白细胞介素（IL）-1β、C反应蛋白（CRP）及髓过氧化物酶（MPO）水平与肠道菌群的关系,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法 选取2022年2月至2023年2月我院100例溃疡性结肠炎患者作为研究组,以同期50例健康体检者作为对照组。两组对象均行IL-1β、CRP、MPO水平检测及肠道菌群检测。比较研究组与对照组,研究组中活动期与缓解期患者IL-1β、CRP、MPO水平及肠道菌群变化,以Pearson相关分析法分析溃疡性结肠炎患者IL-1β、CRP、MPO水平与肠道菌群的关系。结果 与对照组比较,研究组患者IL-1β、CRP、MPO水平均升高,肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量均减少,肠球菌、肠杆菌数量均增多（均P<0.05）。研究组中,与缓解期患者比较,活动期患者IL-1β、CRP、MPO水平均升高,肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量均减少,肠球菌、肠杆菌数量均增多（均P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,溃疡性结肠炎患者血清IL-1β、CRP、MPO水平与肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量均呈负相关,与肠杆菌、肠球菌数量均呈正相关（均P<0.05）。结论 溃疡性结肠炎患者血清IL-1β、CRP、MPO水平与肠道菌群变化密切相关。     

活性乳酸菌饮料对人体肠道菌群影响的研究

目的 探讨一种活性乳酸菌饮料对人体肠道菌群的影响作用.方法 采用卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》调节肠道菌群功能检验方法进行检验.结果 试食组试验前后自身比较：肠道内双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量明显增加（P＜0.01）,肠球菌数量增加（P＜0.05）,产气荚膜梭菌数量明显减少（P＜0.01）,肠杆菌和拟杆菌无明显变化;试验后对照组与试食组组间比较：双歧杆菌数量明显增加（P＜0.01）,乳杆菌的数量增加（P＜0.05）,肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌和拟杆菌无明显变化.结论 活性乳酸菌饮料具有调节人体肠道菌群、改善肠道内环境的作用.     

服用CH-1双歧杆菌制剂对I型糖尿病患者、Ⅱ型糖尿病患者以及透析患者肠内细菌群以及生化指标影响的研究

随机抽取 型、 型糖尿病以及透析患者各 10例进行 CH- 1双歧杆菌制剂服用试验。并对前述患者服用 CH - 1双歧杆菌制剂的肠内细菌群和肠内腐败物质以及生化指标进行检测分析。 型糖尿病患者服用期间 ,双歧杆菌数占肠内总菌数的百分率由 (0 .84± 0 .75 )‰升高到服用 14 d后的 (7.2 5± 7.4 9)‰ ,差异有显著性。腐败菌数亦显著下降 ,卵磷脂酶阳性腐败梭菌由 8.14± 0 .37下降到服用 14 d后的 6 .0 9±0 .4 9(差异有十分显著性 )。 型糖尿病患者服用期间 ,双歧杆菌数占肠内总菌数的百分率由 (2 .4 0±3.18)‰升高到服用 14 d后的 (5 .5 6± 7.4 8)‰ ,差异有显著性。腐败菌数亦显著下降 ,卵膦脂酶阳性腐败梭菌由 7.99± 1.15下降到服用 14 d后的 5 .93± 0 .17(差异有十分显著性 )。透析患者患者服用期间 ,双歧杆菌数占肠内总菌数的百分率由 (0 .6 78± 0 .92 )‰升高到服用 14 d后的 (7.0 8± 6 .95 )‰ ,差异有显著性。腐败菌数亦显著下降 ,卵膦脂酶阳性腐败梭菌由 8.33± 0 .5 0下降到服用 14 d后的 5 .96± 0 .4 4 (差异有十分显著性 )。服用 CH- 1双歧杆菌制剂后粪便中腐败物质含量的变化 , 型糖尿病患者服用 CH- 1双歧杆菌制剂后 ,氨由 82 3± 76 .2 (μg/ g)下降到服用 14 d后的 4 71± 73.0 ,     

三联疗法抗幽门螺杆菌感染对儿童肠道菌群状态的影响

目的　探讨抗幽门螺杆菌治疗对儿童肠道菌群状态的影响。方法　分别称取18例幽门螺杆菌感染儿童治疗前后新鲜粪便1.0 g,对肠道菌群中最有代表性的3种需氧菌(肠杆菌、肠球菌和酵母菌)和4种厌氧菌(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、类杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌) ,分别进行需氧和厌氧培养,菌落计数,同时计算B/ E值来代表定植抗力。结果　抗Hp治疗后,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和类杆菌较治疗前明显降低( P<0 .0 5 ) ,B/ E值明显下降( P<0 .0 1) ,肠杆菌数量明显增加( P<0 .0 5 ) ,酵母菌的检出率明显增加( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　三联疗法抗Hp治疗对儿童肠道菌群产生明显的影响,因此在治疗Hp感染时须考虑到大量抗生素治疗后可能对患儿产生的副作用及潜在的危险     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.