西安地区瓜类病毒病的鉴定及防治

西安地区195个瓜类病毒病样的鉴定结果表明,各种瓜类上的病毒为甜瓜花叶病毒(MMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)两种。西葫芦、笋瓜、甜瓜、南瓜以及黄瓜上,以引致花叶的MMV为主(一般占90％以上),其次是黄化皱缩病状的CMV。西瓜只有MMV;冬瓜和丝瓜则为CMV。甜瓜和西葫芦上还分离到CMV的一个新株系,西瓜可以作为以上两种病毒的鉴别寄主。     

西番莲花叶病研究及防治方法的进展

西番莲Passiflora edulis是热带亚热带重要水果之一。病毒病害能造成西番莲叶片花叶、褪绿，果实畸形、木质化以及植株矮化，严重危害西番莲种植、制约增产。花叶病是危害西番莲的主要病毒病之一，引起西番莲花叶病的主要病毒有：黄瓜花叶病毒属Cucumovirus病毒、马铃薯Y病毒属Potyvirus病毒、双生病毒属Geminivirus病毒等。本文综述了西番莲花叶病分布及症状特征，病毒生物学特性、传播途径以及检测技术，为研究其发病机制提供参考，同时提出西番莲花叶病害综合防治方法。     

小麦黄花叶病毒和小麦梭条斑花叶病毒的生物学和分子生物学研究

线状土传小麦花叶病毒病在欧洲、亚洲和北美洲等地均有发生。这类病毒由根肿菌纲的禾谷多粘菌(Ｐｏｌｙｍｙｘａｇｒａｍｉｎｉｓ)传播,并归类于马铃薯Ｙ病毒科(Ｐｏｔｙｖｉｒｉｄａｅ)的大麦黄花叶病毒属(Ｂｙｍｏｖｉｒｕｓ)。日本的Ｓａｗａｄａ(1927)[1]首次发现并描述小麦花叶病害,随后的研究表明病原是土传的。Ｉｎｏｕｙｅ(1969)[2]证明该病害的病原是小麦黄花叶病毒(ｗｈｅａｔｙｅｌｌｏｗｍｏｓａｉｃｖｉｒｕｓ,ＷＹＭＶ)。Ｓｌｙｋｈｕｉｓ(1960)[3]首次在加拿大安大略省的冬小麦上发现并描述小麦梭条斑花叶病害。Ｓｌｙｋｈｕ…     

广东省烟草花叶病病原病毒的鉴定

烟草花叶病是广东省产烟区的主要病害之一。我们在南雄等八个县进行调查,1983年至1984年的一般发病率为2～20％。根据血清学反应、病毒粒体形态、鉴别寄主反应及寄主范围、媒介昆虫种类、物理性质、交互保护反应等各项检验结果,鉴定广东省烟草花叶病病原是:三个黄瓜花叶病毒可能株系(普通株系CMV-C,烟草坏死株系CMV-TN,烟草黄色坏死株系(CMV-TYN),烟草花叶病毒(TMV),马铃薯病毒Y(PVY),烟草脉带花叶病毒(TVBMV)和烟草褪绿斑驳病毒(TCMV)(暂定)。     

辽宁省长豇豆上另一种毒原黄瓜花叶病毒的初步研究

长豇豆的花叶病在辽宁省是严重发生的病毒病害。1983年沈阳地区在长豇豆(Vigna sesquipedalio)上曾获得一种分离物,经鉴定系豇豆蚜传花叶病毒(Cowpea apeid-borne mosaic virus,     

浅析气象因子在烟草花叶病测报中的应用

烟草病毒病俗称烟草花叶病,是烟草病害中分布最广、发生最为普遍的病害之一。究其发病原因,气候对其的影响不可忽视。积极将气象因子应用在烟草花叶病测报中有利于烟草花叶病的防治。本文就此作了浅析。     

甘蔗线条花叶病毒研究进展

甘蔗线条花叶病毒(Sugarcane streak mosaic virus,SCSMV)是引起甘蔗花叶病的主要病原之一,在世界各大蔗区普遍发生,严重威胁甘蔗产业的发展。综述了SCSMV的生物学特性、发生与危害、鉴定与检测、基因组结构与功能、防治策略等方面的研究进展,以期为深入研究SCSMV及其所致病害提供参考。     

番茄曲叶病及其血清学和PCR测定

我国曾报道的番茄病毒病有多种,其中最常见的是黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)和烟草花叶病毒(TMV)引起的花叶病。柯冲等(1964)在大陆首次报道烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)传播的番茄病毒病——番茄黄顶病,此病在50～60年代曾在广州市郊流行,造成大面积减产。Green等(1984)报道台湾发生番茄黄曲叶病,此病与日本的番茄黄矮病(Tomato yellow dwarf)相似,并且与烟草曲叶病毒(TLCV)有血清学关系。印度、委内瑞拉等国也曾报道发生由烟粉虱传播的番茄曲叶病和番茄黄曲叶病。1991和1992年秋,在广西南宁市郊发现一种症状表现为植株矮缩,叶片向上向内卷曲,叶背面产生耳状或杯状增生物,对光看有时可见叶脉呈墨绿色,不结果或少结果的番茄病害。1992年秋广西农业科学院的番茄试验地发病率高达6.8％,对当地秋番茄生产构成了威胁。作者对病害症状、传播、血清学反应及PCR分析等方面与烟草曲叶病毒进行了比较研究,证实了该病的病原与烟草曲叶病毒有很高的同源性。现将研究结果简报如下。     

甜瓜品种对西瓜花叶病毒-2的抗性与过氧化物酶的关系

甜瓜品种对西瓜花叶病毒－２的抗性与过氧化物酶的关系赵荣乐郑光宇（北京师范大学生物学系,北京１００８７５）关键词西瓜花叶病毒－２,抗性,过氧化物酶植物受病毒感染而引起过氧化物酶活性和同工酶谱的变化已有一些研究〔１－３〕,但未见到关于西瓜花叶病毒－２感染...     

不同西甜瓜品种对截形叶螨生长发育和繁殖的影响

[目的]明确不同西甜瓜品种对截形叶螨Tetranychus truncates Ehara生长发育及繁殖的影响,为西甜瓜品种布局和该虫的综合治理提供科学依据.[方法]在实验室条件下,研究截形叶螨在不同西甜瓜品种(西瓜早佳8424、西瓜美都、西瓜嘉美和甜瓜金玉红2号、甜瓜玉菇)上的发育历期、产卵量和生命表参数.[结果]截形叶螨在西瓜早佳8424和甜瓜玉菇上的存活率较高,分别为95.00％和86.55％,而在西瓜美都和甜瓜金玉红2号上存活率较低,只有75.38％和70.45％;截形叶螨在不同西甜瓜品种上的繁殖力也存在显著差异,在西瓜早佳8424和西瓜美都上的繁殖适合性最高,即抗虫性最弱,产卵期长且产卵量大,如在西瓜早佳8424上平均单雌产卵量达(35.31±5.35)粒,而在西瓜嘉美上的繁殖适合性最低,即抗虫较最强,产卵期短产卵量少,平均单雌产卵量为(19.96±2.02)粒;此外,西瓜美都和西瓜早佳8424的内禀增长率rm和周限增长率λ最高,分别为0.203 1、0.161 7和1.225 2、1.175 5;西瓜嘉美的净增值率R0最低,仅为16.7.[结论]在供试的5个西甜瓜品种中,西瓜早佳8424和美都是最适宜截形叶螨生长和繁殖的品种,而西瓜嘉美有较高的抗虫性.     

Nucleotide sequences of two Korean isolates of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus

The nucleotide sequences of the genomic RNAs of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus Korean watermelon isolate (CGMMV-KW) and Korean oriental melon isolate (CGMMV-KOM) were determined and compared to the sequences of other tobamoviruses including CGMMV strains W and SH. Each CGMMV isolate had a genome of 6,424 nucleotides. Each also had 60 and 176 nucleotides of 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), respectively, and four open reading frames (ORF1-4). ORFs 1 to 4 encode proteins of 129, 186, 29, and 17.4 kDa, respectively. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of CGMMV-KOM and CGMMV-KW were more than 98.3% identical. When compared to other CGMMV strains in a phylogenetic analysis they were found to form a distinct virus clade, and were more distantly related to other tobamoviruses (23.5-56.7% identity).     

Molecular Characterization and Distribution of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in China

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is an emerging virus on watermelon in China. We report here the almost complete nucleotide sequence and the characterization of the genome of a Chinese isolate (CGMMV-LN). Nucleotide sequence comparisons showed CGMMV-LN is closely related to CGMMV-KOM, with 99.4% identity. On the basis of the nucleotide sequence, a digoxigenin-labelled cDNA probe CG, complementary to the replicase gene region of CGMMV was synthesized. The specificity and sensitivity of the probe was tested. The detection limit of the method was equivalent to 0.8 μg fresh tissues infected by CGMMV. Two hundreds and eighteen watermelon samples collected from different regions in China during 2006–2007 were tested by this method. The distribution pattern of CGMMV in China during these years was revealed. The virus has spread in five provinces of China so far, including Liaoning, Hebei, Guangdong, Hubei and Shandong and might be an increasing tendency, which provides important information for CGMMV control in China.     

大豆花叶病毒黄淮5号株系的基因组全序列分析

测定了大豆花叶病毒(SMV)我国黄淮5号(Y5)株系的基因组全序列.该病毒基因组全长9*!585个核苷酸,3′-末端具poly(A)尾,包含单一开放读码框,编码一个349.2kD的多聚蛋白.基因组全序列和美国SMV G2和G7株系的核苷酸同源性分别为97.4%和96.9%.多聚蛋白酶解后产生马铃薯Y病毒属典型的10个成熟蛋白.Y5、G2和G7 3个株系的不同成熟蛋白间氨基酸序列的同源性为89.6%～100%.多重比较分析表明,Y5株系P1蛋白N-末端区域与G2和G7存在明显差异.进一步分析显示,这3个株系的6K1、6K2、NIa-Pro、NIa-VPg、NIb蛋白中心区域和CP蛋白高度保守,P1蛋白N-末端,CI和P3蛋白C-末端以及HC-Pro蛋白变异较大,但是美国G2和G7株系已报道序列P1蛋白区域存在可能的测序错误.     

侵染陕西洋葱的胡葱黄条病毒基因组全序列分析

葱属植物病毒病害在世界范围内广泛发生,严重危害生产,如果要有效控制病害,首先需要明确病毒的种类及它们的分子生物学特征。Dijk根据寄主范围和血清学的差异,将全世界5700份葱属植物上发生的马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus)成员区分为4个不同的种:韭葱黄条病毒(Leek yellowstripevirus,LYSV)、洋葱黄矮病毒(Onion yellowdwarf virus,OYDV)、胡葱黄条病毒(Shallotyellow stripe virus,SYSV)和大葱黄条病毒(Welsh onion yellowstripe virus,WoYSV)[1]。它们的寄主通常局限于一种或几种葱属植物,其中LYSV主要寄主为大蒜(garlic)、韭葱(le…     

Calanthe Mild Mosaic Virus, a New Potyvirus Causing a Mild Mosaic Disease of Calanthe Orchid in Japan

Calanthe mild mosaic potyvirus (CalMMV), a previously undescribed virus found in several locations in Japan, causes mild leaf mosaic and flower colour breaking of Calanthe plants. CalMMV was mechanically transmitted only to Calanthe sp., Phalaenopsis sp. and Tetragonia expansa of 50 plant species tested and was transmitted by the aphid Myzus persicae in a nonpersistent manner. The virus has flexuotis particles about 764 nm long and induced the formation of intracellular cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions. The virus particles contain a single poly-peptide of 32.0 kDa and a single RNA of mol. weight 3.1 × 10⁶. As determined by immuno-electron microscopy, CalMMV is distantly related to the Japanese isolate of dendrobium mosaic potyvirus (DeMV-J), but it showed no serological relationship to any of seven other potyviruses. The sequence of the 3'-terminal 1306 nucleo-tides of the viral genome was determined. The coat protein (CP) coding sequence is predicted to be 804 nucleotides in length, encoding a protein of 268 amino acids with a calculated mol. weight of 30 389. The 3' noncoding region is 169 nucleotides long and is followed by a polyadenylate tract. The amino acid sequence of the CP of CalMMV was 73% homologous to that of DeMV-J, but less than 66% to other potyviruses.     

番木瓜环斑病毒海南分离株全基因组序列分析

番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)是马铃薯Y病毒属(genus Potyvirus)的成员之一.病毒粒体呈线状,长700～900nm,直径为12.5nm.为单分体正链RNA病毒,由多种蚜虫以非持久方式传播.依寄主范围可划分为P型和W型两种.其中P型株系(PRSV-P)是制约生产的重要病原,除了给番木瓜生产带来严重危害,也会危害葫芦科作物.W型株系(PRSV-W)是危害葫芦科作物的主要病原,虽然和PRSV-P型株系血清学反应密切相关,但不侵染番木瓜.     

利用小RNA深度测序技术鉴定半夏病毒病病原

RNA沉默是真核生物体内由病毒来源的干扰小RNA（virus derived small interfering RNA, vsiRNA）沉默复合物介导目标RNA特异降解的一种保守机制,通过对vsiRNA分析可进行植物病毒病原鉴定。本文利用小RNA深度测序技术对感病半夏叶片进行鉴定,结果发现,表现典型花叶症状的半夏叶片受到大豆花叶病毒（Soybean mosaic virus, SMV）、黄瓜花叶病毒（Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV）、芋花叶病毒（Dasheen mosaic virus, DsMV）、魔芋花叶病毒（Konjac mosaic virus, KoMV）、烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV）等多种病毒的复合侵染。为明确SMV山西半夏分离物（SMV-SXBX）的进化关系,进行SMV-SXBX全基因组克隆与分析,获得SMV-SXBX全长为9 735 nt,编码一个由3 105个氨基酸组成的多聚蛋白质。通过核苷酸与氨基酸序列比对发现,SMV-SXBX与半夏分离物P同源性最高,分别为91.1%和94.1%,且系统发育分析表明,SMV-SXBX与半夏SMV分离物P聚为一簇。同时,也对vsiRNA进行了系统分析,研究结果有望为半夏SMV的有效防治提供一定科学依据。     

Sequence analysis of a soil-borne wheat mosaic virus isolate from Italy shows that it is the same virus as European wheat mosaic virus and Soil-borne rye mosaic virus

The complete sequence of the two RNAs of a furovirus isolate from durum wheat in Italy was determined. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis were done to compare the Italian virus with Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) from the USA and with furovirus sequences recently published as European wheat mosaic virus (EWMV), from wheat in France, and Soil-borne rye mosaic virus (SBRMV), from rye and wheat in Germany. Over the entire genome, the Italian isolate RNA1 and RNA2 had respectively 97.5% and 98.6% nucleotide identity with EWMV, 95.5% and 85.8% with SBRMV-G and 70.6% and 64.5% with SBWMV. The Italian isolate was therefore clearly distinct from SBWMV. The European isolates all appear to belong to the same virus and the name Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus may resolve earlier ambiguities.     

A comparison of complete genome sequences of a rabies virus chinese isolate SH06 with the vaccine strains

In this study, we determined the complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of a primary isolate of rabies virus (SH06) obtained from the brain of a rabid dog. The overall length of the genome was 11 924 nucleotides. Comparison of the genomic sequence showed the homology of SH06 at nucleotide level with full-length genomes of reference vaccine strains ranged from 82.2% with the PV strain to 86.9% with the CTN strain. A full-length genome-based phylogenetic analysis was performed with sequences available from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome sequences indicated that the SH06 exhibited the highest homology with rabies street virus BD06 and CTN vaccine strain originated from China.