Comparison between two classes of selective EP(3) antagonists and their biological activities

Two different series of very potent and selective EP(3) antagonists have been reported: a novel series of ortho-substituted cinnamic acids [Belley, M., Gallant, M., Roy, B., Houde, K., Lachance, N., Labelle, M., Trimble, L., Chauret, N., Li, C., Sawyer, N., Tremblay, N., Lamontagne, S., Carrière, M.-C., Denis, D., Greig, G. M., Slipetz, D., Metters, K. M., Gordon, R., Chan, C. C., Zamboni, R. J. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2005, 15, 527] and the acylsulfonamides of ortho-(arylmethyl)cinnamates. [(a) Juteau, H., Gareau, Y., Labelle, M., Sturino, C. F., Sawyer, N., Tremblay, N., Lamontagne, S., Carrière, M.-C., Denis, D., Metters, K. M. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2001, 9, 1977; (b) Juteau, H., Gareau, Y., Labelle, M., Lamontagne, S., Tremblay, N., Carrière, M.-C., Denis, D., Sawyer, N., Metters, K. M. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2001, 11, 747] The structural differences between the two series, along with their biological activity in vivo, in vitro, and metabolism, are analyzed. Some of those compounds, including hybrids containing the best structural features of both series, possess K(i) as low as 0.6 nM on the EP(3) receptor.     

NEW SPECIES OF GENUS MANSONIELLA POPPIUS FROM CHINA (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE: BRYOCORINAE)

本文记述了曼盲蝽属ＭａｎｓｏｎｉｅｌａＰｏｐｐｉｕｓ,１９１５的７个新种：环曼盲蝽Ｍ．ａｎｎｕｌａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;脊曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｃｒｉｓｔａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;狭长曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｅｌｏｎｇａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;黄翅曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｆｌａｖａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;胡桃曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｊｕｇｌａｎｄｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;瑰环曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｒｏｓａｃｅａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;赤环曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｒｕｂｉｄａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。提出３个新组合：Ｍ．ｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｉ（ＺｈｅｎｇｅｔＬｉｕ,１９９２）,ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．;Ｍ．ｓａｓａｆｒｉ（ＺｈｅｎｇｅｔＬｉｕ,１９９２）,ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．;Ｍ．ｗａｎｇｉ（ＺｈｅｎｇｅｔＬｉ,１９９２）,ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．,均由ＰａｃｈｙｐｅｌｔｉｓＳｉｇｎｏｒｅｔ属移入本属,模式标本存放于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室     

What price medical malpractice insurance?

The Medical Review and Advisory Board has been established as a committee of the Commission on Professional Welfare of the California Medical Association to make studies and recommendations toward solution of the growing problems of professional liability insurance and malpractice actions in California. The members of the Board are: Joseph F. Sadusk, Jr., Oakland, Chairman; Wilbur Bailey, M.D., Los Angeles, vice-chairman; Howard W. Bosworth, M.D., Los Angeles; H. I. Burtness, M.D., Santa Barbara; Paul W. Frame, Jr., M.D., Sacramento; Verne G. Ghormley, M.D., Fresno; Carl M. Hadley, M.D., San Bernardino; Joseph J. O'Hara, M.D., San Diego; William F. Quinn, M.D., Los Angeles; Rees B. Rees, M.D., San Francisco; and Bernard Silber, M.D., Redwood City; Mr. Rollen Waterson, 564 Market Street, San Francisco 4, is executive secretary, and Mr. Howard Hassard is legal counsel.     

中国贵州妙蝇属(双翅目,蝇科)分类学研究及转妙蝇群八新种记述(英文)

系贵州地区妙蝇属Myospila Rondani研究的系列论文之一,记述该属1新种群:转妙蝇群M. species-trochanterata 并描述新种群8新种:基妙蝇M. basilara sp. nov.,褐妙蝇M.brunneusa sp. nov.,余妙蝇 M. cetera sp. nov.,亚毛眼妙蝇 M.paralasiophthalma sp. nov.,亚转妙蝇M. paratrochanterata sp.nov.,亚毛爪妙蝇M. piliungulisoides sp. nov.,亚黄胫妙蝇 M.subflavitibia sp. nov. 和条妙蝇M. vittata sp. nov.。文中给出了转妙蝇群的定义,编制了新种群所有已知12种的检索表,描述了新种详细的形态特征及其与近缘种的鉴别特征。另外,还记述了毛爪妙蝇M. piliungulis Xue et Yang,1998和毛眼妙蝇M. lasiophthalma(Emden,1965)两种雌性。新种的模式标本保存于作者所在单位。转妙蝇群的鉴别特征雄额狭,不及单眼三角宽,触角黑色;前胸基腹片具毛,小盾片端部或多或少呈淡色,背面的正常毛被不越出缘鬃一线,且下侧缘无向下弯的、或多或少呈淡色的细毛,翅内鬃1+2;沟前内侧中条间一些毛被显著发达。翅的前缘基鳞及翅肩鳞黑色至黑褐色,r1脉背面裸;足的股节不完全呈黄色。在妙蝇属中,本群蝇类并无突出的、独一无二的共有衍征,但在前胸基腹片具毛和小盾片侧腹缘裸的类群中,只有本群蝇类具备上述的特征组合,尤其是前缘基鳞及翅肩鳞黑色至黑褐色,小盾片端部或多或少呈淡色和股节不完全呈黄色这一组特征组合。此外,根据我国学者薛万琦(1996)和冯炎(2007)的描述,作者怀疑产自我国湖南、贵州和四川等地的转妙蝇M.trochanterata Emden(1965)属于2个不同的种,它们均不同于缅甸、印度和尼泊尔等地产的转妙蝇M.trochanterata Emden(1965),因而可能是3个独立的种。转妙蝇群的分种检索表1.雄眼密具黄色毛。前气门黄至褐色,后气门黑褐色。前股黑色,端部黄褐色……………………………………………………………2眼裸或实际裸,其余特征不如上述………………………………52.下后头无黄色毛……………………………………………………3下后头具黄色毛……………………………………………………43.额、颜、下侧颜及颊褐色,略带红色;额宽仅及前单眼宽的1.3倍;翅灰色,透明,绝不带褐色。中、后股黄褐色,前者腹面略带黑色………………………褐妙蝇,新种M.brunneusa sp.nov.额、颜、下侧颜及颊黑褐色,绝不带任何红色;额达单眼三角宽;翅褐色。中股腹面、背面和后股背面分别具褐黑色条条妙蝇,新种M.vittata sp.nov.………………………………………………4.中、后股呈黄褐色,有时中股腹面具黑褐色条毛眼妙蝇M.lasiophthalma(Emden,1965)…………………………………………中、后股黑褐色,端半黄褐色亚毛眼妙蝇,新种M.paralasiophthalma sp.nov.………………………………………………………5.前股除端部黄色外呈黑色,中、后股黄或不完全黄。眼裸或实际裸……………………………………………………………………6前股及中、后股节呈淡铁锈色。眼具零星短毛亚毛眼妙蝇,新种M.paralasiophthalma sp.nov.……………………………………6.中、后股黄褐色……………………………………………………7中、后股不完全呈黄褐色…………………………………………97.雄额较狭,约如前单眼宽的1.5倍;阳茎呈宽的三角形;第5腹板侧叶宽,向外伸展黄胫妙蝇M.flavitibia Guan,Feng et Ma,2007………………………………………………………………………雄额较宽,至少如前单眼宽的2倍;阳茎不呈宽的三角形;第5腹板侧叶狭或宽,端部弯曲或直……………………………………88.转节黑褐色。雄尾器:后面观侧尾叶直,侧面观肛尾叶扁薄,阳茎端部后缘呈角形突出,膜质的端部短三角形;雄第五腹板瘦狭,侧叶显著狭窄,向内弯曲亚黄胫妙蝇,新种M.subflavitibia sp.nov.………………………………………………………………………转节褐色。雄尾器:后面观侧尾叶弯曲,侧面观肛尾叶宽厚,阳茎条形,膜质的端部长条形;第5腹板宽大,侧叶显著宽,向外伸展,决不向内弯曲…………………余妙蝇,新种M.cetera sp.nov.9.后股黄;中股基半黑褐色。雄侧尾叶前缘具平的、其上具3个刺状鬃的突起……亚毛爪妙蝇,新种M.piliungulisoides sp.nov.后股不全黄,至少基部黑褐色;其余特征不如上述……………1010.后股除基部黑褐色外呈黄褐色基妙蝇,新种Myospila basilara sp.nov.………………………………………………………………后股基部2/3褐黄色或黑褐色…………………………………1111.中股基部1/2至2/3褐色;后股基部2/3褐黄色。侧尾叶前缘具尖锐角形突起……毛爪妙蝇M.piliungulis Xue et Yang,1998中股和后股基部2/3黑褐色。侧尾叶前缘具钝平的突起亚转妙蝇,新种M.paratrochanterata sp.nov.………………………1基妙蝇,新种Myospila basilara sp.nov.(图1～4)雄体长约4.5mm。雌不详。眼裸,前内方小眼面显著扩大;额略狭于两后单眼外缘间距;下后头毛黑色。沟前背中鬃列间小毛约10列;气门黑色。足黄褐色,基节和转节黑褐色,跗节黑色,前股约基部2/3黑褐色,中股约基半黑色,后股基部略带黑色。新种类似毛爪妙蝇M.piliungulis Xue et Yang,1998、亚毛爪妙蝇Myospila piliungulisoides sp.nov.和亚转妙蝇M.paratrochanterata sp.nov.等。根据上述检索表这4个种类可予明确而肯定的区别。正模♂,贵州关岭断桥(25°53’N,105°38’E;海拔600m),2008年3月18日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、金伟等采。副模:1♂,贵州安顺甘堡林场,海拔1250m,2009年2月21～25日,魏濂艨、蒋绍贵、曹维平采;1♂,贵州紫云浪风关林场,海拔1200m,2009年2月25～28日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、吴建霖、刘美华等采。词源:新种种名源自拉丁词"basilara",意为"基部",在此意指新种后股基部黑褐色。2褐妙蝇,新种Myospila brunneusa sp.nov.(图5～8)雄体长约4.5mm。雌未采获标本。眼具黄色密毛,前内方小眼面显著扩大;额、侧颜、下侧颜和颊褐红色;额狭,Apr.2012W ei:Study of the genus Myospila and eight new species of the newly defined M.trochanterata-group约为前单眼宽的1.3倍;下后头毛黑色。沟前背中鬃列间小毛约12列;前气门金黄色,略带褐色;翅灰色,透明,绝不带褐色。足黄褐色,基节、转节和跗节黑褐色;前股除端部腹面黄外几乎全呈黑色;中股腹面略带黑色。根据雄眼具毛,前气门黄至褐色等特征,新种与毛眼妙蝇M.lasiophthalma(Emden,1965)、条妙蝇M.vittata sp.nov.和亚毛眼妙蝇M.paralasiophthalma sp.nov.等十分相似,但根据上述检索表它们可被明确而肯定地予与区分。正模♂,贵州安顺轿子山林场(26°20’N,105°57’E;海拔1400m),2009年12月6日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、龙彪、刘美华等采。副模1♂,贵州花江峡谷,海拔640m,2009年10月17日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、刘美华等采。词源:新种种名源自拉丁词"brunneusa",意为"褐色",在此意指新种额、侧颜、下侧颜和颊呈褐红色。3余妙蝇,新种Myospila cetera sp.nov.(图9～12)雄体长约6.2mm。眼裸,前内方小眼面显著扩大;额宽略狭于两后单眼外缘间距;下后头毛黑色。沟前背中鬃列间小毛约10列;气门黑色;足黄色,基节和跗节黑色,转节褐色;前股除端部黄外黑色;中股腹面略带褐色。雌未采获标本。根据中、后足黄色,新种与黄胫妙蝇M.flavitibia Guan,Feng et M a,2007和亚黄胫妙蝇M.subflavitibia sp.nov.是彼此更为近似的一个类群。但据上述的检索表此3种可彼此相互鉴别。正模♂,贵州安顺轿子山(26°20’N,105°57’E;海拔1400m),2009年6月1日,魏濂艨、曹维平、刘美华、龙彪等采。副模:2♂♂,贵州平坝城关林场,海拔1200m,2009年2～3月,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、刘美华和吴建霖等采;1♂,安顺蔡官龙天村,海拔1400m,2009年6月1～30日,魏濂艨、刘美华、蒋绍贵、陈林等采。词源:新种种名源自拉丁词"cetera",意为"剩余的,另外的",在此意指与黄胫妙蝇类似的另一个种。4亚毛眼妙蝇,新种Myospila paralasiophthalma sp.nov.(图19～22)雄体长约7mm。眼具黄色短密毛,前内方小眼面扩大;额宽约如两后单眼外缘间距;下后头具黄色毛。沟前背中鬃列间小毛约12列;前气门黄褐色。足黄褐色,基节和跗节黑色,转节褐黑色,前股除端部腹面黄色外几乎全黑;中、后股基部2/5黑色。雌不详。根据雄眼具毛,前气门黄至褐色等特征,新种与褐妙蝇M.brunneusa sp.nov.、毛眼妙蝇M.lasiophthalma(Emden,1965)和条妙蝇,新种M.vittata sp.nov.等十分相似,但据上述检索表它们可被明确而肯定地予与区分。正模♂,贵州紫云浪风关林场(25°42’N,106°3’E;海拔1200m),2009年3月22日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵等采。副模:2♂♂,贵州花江峡谷,海拔640～1000m,2009年1～2月,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、刘美华等采。词源:新种种名源自拉丁词"lasiophthalma",意为"眼具毛的","para"意为"类似",在此指新种类似毛眼妙蝇。5亚转妙蝇,新种Myospila paratrochanterata sp.nov.(图23～26)雄体长约5.5～6.5mm。眼裸,前内方小眼面显著扩大;额宽略狭于两后单眼外缘间距;下后头毛黑色。沟前背中鬃列间小毛约8列;气门黑色。足黄褐色,基节和跗节黑色,转节黑色,几乎不带褐色,前股除端部很下地黄外几乎全黑;中、后股基部2/3(有时1/2)黑色。新种类似毛爪妙蝇M.piliungulis Xue et Yang,1998、基妙蝇Myospila basilara sp.nov.和亚毛爪妙蝇Myospila piliungulisoidessp.nov.等。根据上述检索表这4个种类可予明确而肯定的区别。正模♂,贵州安顺轿子山(26°20’N,105°57’E;海拔1400m),2009年6月1日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、刘美华和龙彪等采。副模:15♂♂,同正模,2009年5～11月;1♂,安顺鸡场,海拔1200m,2008年4月6日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵等采;1♂,贵州安顺旧州老落坡林场,海拔1300m,2008年4月19日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵等采;1♂,贵州安顺甘堡林场,海拔1250m,2009年2月21日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵、吴建霖和刘美华等采;1♂,同上,2011年5月29日,魏濂艨、曹维平和李鸿等采;3♂♂,贵州安顺对门山,海拔1300m,2009年2～3月,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵采;1♂,采集地及采集人同上,2008年12月21日;6♂♂,贵州安顺凤凰山林场,海拔1300m,2009年3月7～31日,魏濂艨、曹维平、蒋绍贵和刘美华等采;1♂,贵州安顺龙宫,海拔1200m,     

REVIEWS

Books Review in this article:
Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire. Part I. Some East African Coniferae and Leguminosae. By L. C halk , M.A., D.Phil., J. B urtt D avy , M.A., Ph.D. and H. E. D esch , B.SC.
Part II. Twenty West African Timber Trees. By L. C halk , M.A., D.Phil., J. B urtt D avy , M.A., Ph.D., H. E. D esch , B.SC, M.A. and A. C. H oyle , B.Sc, M.A.
Part III. Fifteen South African High Forest Timber Trees. By L. C halk , M.A., D.Phil., M. M. C hattaway , B.SC, M.A., J. B urtt D avy , M.A., Ph.D., F. S. L aughton , B.SC. and M. H. S cott , B.SC.
Colloids in Agriculture. By C. E. M arshall .
Flore Laurentienne. By F rère M arie -V ictorin , D.SC.
Plant Viruses. By K enneth M. S mith .
Plant Life: A Text-book of Botany. By D. B. S wingle .
Gardening in East Africa: A Practical Handbook. Edited by A. J. J ex -B lake , with a foreword by Sir A rthur W. H ill .
British Stem- and Leaf-Fungi (Coelomycetes). Vol. I. Sphaeropsidales. By W. B. G rove , M.A.     

The thrombospondin motif of aggrecanase-1 (ADAMTS-4) is critical for aggrecan substrate recognition and cleavage

Aggrecanase-1 (ADAMTS-4) is a member of the a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) protein family that was recently identified. Aggrecanase-1 is one of two ADAMTS cartilage-degrading enzymes purified from interleukin-1-stimulated bovine nasal cartilage (Tortorella, M. D., Burn, T. C., Pratta, M. A. , Abbaszade, I., Hollis, J. M., Liu, R., Rosenfeld, S. A., Copeland, R. A., Decicco, C. P., Wynn, R., Rockwell, A., Yang, F., Duke, J. L., Solomon, K., George, H., Bruckner, R., Nagase, H., Itoh, Y., Ellis, D. M., Ross, H., Wiswall, B. H., Murphy, K., Hillman, M. C., Jr., Hollis, G. F., and Arner, E.C. (1999) Science 284, 1664-1666; 2 Abbaszade, I., Liu, R. Q., Yang, F., Rosenfeld, S. A., Ross, O. H., Link, J. R., Ellis, D. M., Tortorella, M. D., Pratta, M. A., Hollis, J. M., Wynn, R., Duke, J. L., George, H. J., Hillman, M. C., Jr., Murphy, K., Wiswall, B. H., Copeland, R. A., Decicco, C. P., Bruckner, R., Nagase, H., Itoh, Y., Newton, R. C., Magolda, R. L., Trzaskos, J. M., and Burn, T. C. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 23443-23450). The aggrecan products generated by this enzyme are found in cartilage cultures stimulated with cytokines and in synovial fluid from patients with arthritis, suggesting that aggrecanase-1 may be important in diseases involving cartilage destruction. Here we demonstrate that the thrombospondin type-1 (TSP-1) motif located within the C terminus of aggrecanase-1 binds to the glycosaminoglycans of aggrecan. Data from several studies indicate that this binding of aggrecanase-1 to aggrecan through the TSP-1 motif is necessary for enzymatic cleavage of aggrecan. 1) A truncated form of aggrecanase-1 lacking the TSP-1 motif was not effective in cleaving aggrecan. 2) Several peptides representing different regions of the TSP-1 motif effectively blocked aggrecanase-1 cleavage of aggrecan by preventing the enzyme from binding to the substrate. 3) Aggrecanase-1 was not effective in cleaving glycosaminoglycan-free aggrecan. Taken together, these data suggest that the TSP-1 motif of aggrecanase-1 is critical for substrate recognition and cleavage.     

中国贵州妙蝇属(双翅目,蝇科)研究及净妙蝇群五新种记述(英文)

系贵州地区妙蝇属Myospila Rondani研究的系列论文之一,记述该属1新种群:净妙蝇群M.species-lauta并描述该新种群5新种:冯氏妙蝇M.fengisp.nov.,肖黄基妙蝇M.flavibasisoides sp.nov.,亚黄基妙蝇M.subflavibasis sp.nov.,亚净妙蝇M.sublauta sp.nov.和黄褐妙蝇M.xuthosa sp.nov.。文中给出了净妙蝇群的定义,编制了新种群所有已知种的检索表,描述了新种详细的形态特征及其与近缘种的鉴别特征。新种的模式标本保存于作者所在单位。     

ElaC encodes a novel binuclear zinc phosphodiesterase

ElaC is a widespread gene found in eubacteria, archaebacteria, and mammals with a highly conserved sequence. Two human ElaC variants were recently associated with cancer (Tavtigian, S. V., Simard, J., Teng, D. H., Abtin, V., Baumgard, M., Beck, A., Camp, N. J., Carillo, A. R., Chen, Y., Dayananth, P., Desrochers, M., Dumont, M., Farnham, J. M., Frank, D., Frye, C., Ghaffari, S., Gupte, J. S., Hu, R., Iliev, D., Janecki, T., Kort, E. N., Laity, K. E., Leavitt, A., Leblanc, G., McArthur-Morrison, J., Pederson, A., Penn, B., Peterson, K. T., Reid, J. E., Richards, S., Schroeder, M., Smith, R., Snyder, S. C., Swedlund, B., Swensen, J., Thomas, A., Tranchant, M., Woodland, A. M., Labrie, F., Skolnick, M. H., Neuhausen, S., Rommens, J., and Cannon-Albright, L. A. (2001) Nat. Genet. 27, 172-180; Yanaihara, N., Kohno, T., Takakura, S., Takei, K., Otsuka, A., Sunaga, N., Takahashi, M., Yamazaki, M., Tashiro, H., Fukuzumi, Y., Fujimori, Y., Hagiwara, K., Tanaka, T., and Yokota, J. (2001) Genomics 72, 169-179). Analysis of the primary sequence indicates homology to an arylsulfatase and predicts a metallo-beta-lactamase fold. At present, no ElaC gene product has been investigated. We cloned the Escherichia coli ElaC gene and purified the recombinant gene product. An enzymatic analysis showed that ElaC does not encode an arylsulfatase but rather encodes a phosphodiesterase that hydrolyzes bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate with a k(cat) of 59 s(-1) and K' of 4 mm. Kinetic analysis of the dimeric enzyme revealed positive cooperativity for the substrate bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate with a Hill coefficient of 1.6, whereas hydrolysis of the substrate thymidine-5'-p-nitrophenyl phosphate followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Furthermore, the enzyme is capable of binding two zinc or two iron ions. However, it displays phosphodiesterase activity only in the zinc form. The metal environment characterized by zinc K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy was modeled with two histidine residues, one carboxylate group, and 1.5 oxygen atoms. This corresponds to the coordination found in other metallo-beta-lactamase domain proteins. Phosphodiesterase activity is strongly dependent on the presence of zinc. These results identify the currently unassigned gene product ElaC to be a novel binuclear zinc phosphodiesterase.     

Localization of binding sites within human von Willebrand factor for monomeric type III collagen

Purified human plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf) binds to pepsin-digested monomeric type III collagen in a saturable (KD = 1 X 10(-8) M), specific, and rapid manner with a stoichiometry of approximately 1:15 [vWf subunit (Mr 270,000):collagen trimer (Mr 300,000)]. Two reduced and alkylated CNBr peptides of vWf, termed M11 residues 542-622 and M20 residues 948-998 [Titani, K., Kumar, S., Takio, K., Ericsson, L. H., Wade, R. D., Ashida, K., Walsh, K. A., Chopek, M. W., Sadler, J. E., & Fujikawa, K. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 3171-3184], inhibited vWf binding to collagen. With 125I-vWf (2 X 10(-9) M) as ligand, M11, M20, fragment III (a dimeric, V8 protease, NH2-terminal fragment, Mr 320,000 referenced above), and unlabeled vWf inhibited binding to collagen with EC50 values of 4.8 X 10(-7), 9.4 X 10(-7), 1.1 X 10(-7), and 0.2 X 10(-7) M, respectively. M11 and M20 bind to collagen directly when 125I-labeled peptides are used as ligands. Other CNBr fragments of vWf were less effective as inhibitors (5-fold or less) and bound less avidly to collagen (5-fold or less) compared to M11 and M20. A murine anti-human vWf monoclonal antibody (MR5), which blocks the binding of vWf to collagen, bound selectively to both M11 and M20 when tested in an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Short review

Hamdy, A., Lieth, H., Todorovi?, M. & Moschenko, M. 1999. Halophyte uses in different climates I. Ecological and ecophysiological studies. Hamdy, A., Lieth, H., Todorovi?, M. & Moschenko, M. 1999. Halophyte uses in different climates II. Halophyte crop development: Pilot studies.     

Revision of the southern African genus Macroderes Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

The southern African genus Macroderes Westwood is revised. Six new species, M. amplior n. sp., M. minutus n. sp., M. endroedyi n. sp., M. namakwanus n. sp., M. foveatus n. sp., and M. cornutus n. sp., are described.The neotype of M. bias (Olivier) is designated.Two new synonymies are established: M. pilula Sharp is a junior synonym of M. bias (Olivier), and M. westwoodi Preudhomme de Borre is a junior synonym of M. undulatus Preudhomme de Borre. A key to species and notes on biology and distribution are given.     

Review of the genus Macrosaldula Southwood et Leston, 1959 (Heteroptera,Saldidae) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent countries

The species of the genus Macrosaldula Southwood et Leston of the fauna of Russia and adjacent countries are reviewed. Fifteen species and one subspecies are distributed in the investigated territory (among these, eight species marked with an asterisk occur in Russia): M. clavalis Cobben, *M. jakovleffi Reut., M. kaszabi Hob., M. kerzhneri Cobben, M. koktshetavica Cobben, *M. koreana Kir., M. nivalis Lindb., *M. oblonga oblonga Stål, M. oblonga acetabularis Cobben, M. mongolica Kir., *M. rivularia J. Sahlb., *M. simulans Cobben, *M. scotica Curt., M. tadzhika Kir., *M. variabilis H.-S., and *M. violacea Cobben. An illustrated key to the species and dotted distribution maps are given.     

吉林李家窑范家屯组中的二叠纪北温带牙形刺动物群

在吉林省九台市三台乡李家窑附近的二叠系范家屯组中采到一特殊的牙形刺动物群。多数牙形刺都较小,锯齿发育,齿脊细齿不愈合。由一些未见报道的新分子组成。本文描述了４个新种（Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｃｈａｎｇｃｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｊｉｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｍｕｌｔｉｓｅｒｒａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｌｔｕｄａｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）和３个未命名新种     

海南省粉褶蕈属的分类研究(Ⅰ)

本文报道了海南省粉褶蕈属[Entoloma(Fr.)Kumm.]6个新种,它们是:锈褐粉褶荤(Entoloma ferrugineobrunneum W.M.Zhang sp nov.),紫褐粉褶蕈(Entoloma purpureo-brunneum W.M.Zhang sp.nov.),丛生粉褶蕈(Entoloma caespitosum W.M.Zhangs sp.nov.)肉褐粉褶蕈(Entoloma carneobrunneum W.M.Zhang sp.nov.),近杯伞状粉褶蕈(Enloloma subclitocyboides W.M.Zhang sp.nov.),近偏生粉褶蕈(Entoloma subeccentricum W.M.Zhang sp.nov.),所有标本保藏于广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室。     

An investigation on the quinoprotein nature of some fungal and plant oxidoreductases.

The presence of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as the organic cofactor of Dactylium dendroides galactose oxidase and lentil (Lens culinaris) seedling amine oxidase, purported PQQ-containing oxidoreductases (Van der Meer, R. A., Jongejan, J. A., and Duine, J. A. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 7792-7794; Citro, G., Verdina, A., Galati, R., Floris, G., Sabatini, S., and Finazzi-Argo', A. (1989) FEBS Lett. 247, 201-204), was reinvestigated using the nitro blue tetrazolium redoxcycling method (Paz, M. A., Gallop, P. M., Torrelio, B. M., and Flückiger, R. (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 154, 1330-1337; Paz, M. A., Flückiger, R., Boak, A., Kagan, H. M., and Gallop, P. M. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 689-692) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with polyclonal antibodies against PQQ. The possible quinoprotein nature of the laccases from Polyporus versicolor and Rhus vernicifera was also investigated because of the similarities in spectroscopic and kinetic features of these enzymes and the laccase from Phlebia radiata, reported to be a PQQ protein (Karhunen, E., Niku-Paavola, M.-L., Viikari, L., Haltia, T., Van der Meer, R. A., and Duine, J. A. (1990) FEBS Lett. 267, 6-8). The presence of a quinonoid cofactor in lentil seedling amine oxidase is confirmed, whereas galactose oxidase and both laccases do not display any quinoprotein nature.     

Retracted: Nrf2: a novel therapeutic target in fragile X syndrome is modulated by NNZ2566

Retraction : “Nrf2: a novel therapeutic target in fragile X syndrome is modulated by NNZ2566” by R. M. J. Deacon, M. J. Hurley, C. M. Rebolledo, M. Snape, F. J. Altimiras, L. Farías, M. Pino, R. Biekofsky, L. Glass and P. Cogram. The above article, from Genes, Brain and Behavior, published online on 12th May 2017 in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief, Andrew Holmes and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed as all authors cannot agree on a revised author order, and at least one author continues to dispute the original order. In this case, the original article is being retracted on the grounds that the journal does not have permission to publish. Reference: Deacon, R. M. J., Hurley, M. J., Rebolledo, C. M., Snape, M., Altimiras, F. J., Farías, L., Pino, M., Biekofsky, R., Glass, L. and Cogram, P. (2017), Nrf2: a novel therapeutic target in fragile X syndrome is modulated by NNZ2566. Genes, Brain and Behavior. doi:10.1111/gbb.12373.     

The Stanford Microarray Database

The Stanford Microarray Database (SMD) stores raw and normalized data from microarray experiments, and provides web interfaces for researchers to retrieve, analyze and visualize their data. The two immediate goals for SMD are to serve as a storage site for microarray data from ongoing research at Stanford University, and to facilitate the public dissemination of that data once published, or released by the researcher. Of paramount importance is the connection of microarray data with the biological data that pertains to the DNA deposited on the microarray (genes, clones etc.). SMD makes use of many public resources to connect expression information to the relevant biology, including SGD [Ball,C.A., Dolinski,K., Dwight,S.S., Harris,M.A., Issel-Tarver,L., Kasarskis,A., Scafe,C.R., Sherlock,G., Binkley,G., Jin,H. et al. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 77-80], YPD and WormPD [Costanzo,M.C., Hogan,J.D., Cusick,M.E., Davis,B.P., Fancher,A.M., Hodges,P.E., Kondu,P., Lengieza,C., Lew-Smith,J.E., Lingner,C. et al. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 73-76], Unigene [Wheeler,D.L., Chappey,C., Lash,A.E., Leipe,D.D., Madden,T.L., Schuler,G.D., Tatusova,T.A. and Rapp,B.A. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 10-14], dbEST [Boguski,M.S., Lowe,T.M. and Tolstoshev,C.M. (1993) Nature Genet., 4, 332-333] and SWISS-PROT [Bairoch,A. and Apweiler,R. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 45-48] and can be accessed at http://genome-www.stanford.edu/microarray.     

Expression of multiple Src family kinases in sea urchin eggs and their function in Ca release at fertilization

Egg activation at fertilization in deuterostomes requires a rise in intracellular Ca²⁺, which is released from the egg's endoplasmic reticulum. In sea urchins, a Src Family Kinase (SpSFK1) is necessary for the PLCγ-mediated signaling event that initiates this Ca²⁺ release (Giusti, A.F., O'Neill, F.J., Yamasu, K., Foltz, K.R. and Jaffe, L.A., 2003. Function of a sea urchin egg Src family kinase in initiating Ca2+ release at fertilization. Dev. Biol. 256, 367-378.). Annotation of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome sequence led to the identification of additional, predicted SFKs (Bradham, C.A., Foltz, D.R., Beane, W.S., Amone, M.I., Rizzo, F., Coffman, J.A., Mushegian, A., Goel, M., Morales, J., Geneviere, A.M., Lapraz, F., Robertson, A.J., Kelkar, H., Loza-Coll, M., Townley, I.K., Raisch, M., Roux, M.M., Lepage, T., Gache, C., McClay, D.R., Manning, G., 2006. The sea urchin kinome: a first look. Dev. Biol. 300, 180-193.; Roux, M.M., Townley, I.K., Raisch, M., Reade, A., Bradham, C., Humphreys, G., Gunaratne, H.J., Killian, C.E., Moy, G., Su, Y.H., Ettensohn, C.A., Wilt, F., Vacquier, V.D., Burke, R.D., Wessel, G. and Foltz, K.R., 2006. A functional genomic and proteomic perspective of sea urchin calcium signaling and egg activation. Dev. Biol. 300, 416-433.). Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of these 4 additional SFKs and test their function during the initial Ca²⁺ release at fertilization using the dominant-interfering microinjection method coupled with Ca²⁺ recording. While two of the new SFKs (SpFrk and SpSFK3) are necessary for Ca²⁺ release, SpSFK5 appears dispensable for early egg to embryo transition events. Interestingly, SpSFK7 may be involved in preventing precocious release of Ca²⁺. Binding studies indicate that only SpSFK1 is capable of direct interaction with PLCγ. Immunolocalization studies suggest that one or more SpSFK and PLCγ are localized to the egg cortex and at the site of sperm-egg interaction. Collectively, these data indicate that more than one SFK is involved in the Ca²⁺ release pathway at fertilization.     

Chromosome numbers and geographical distribution of Ulex europaeus subsp. europaeus (Leguminosae)

FERNANDEZ PRIETO, J. A., VERA, M. L., ALVAREZ MARTINEZ, M. J., DIAZ, T. E., FERNANDEZ CASADO, M. A., FERNANDEZ-CARVAJAL, M. C, GUTIERREZ VILLARIAS, M. I. & NAVA, H. S., 1993. Chromosome numbers and geographical distribution of Ulex europaeus subsp. europaeus (Leguminosae). Chromosome numbers are reported in Ulex europaeus subsp. europaeus (99 samples from northern Spain, France and Great Britain). Three levels of ploidy (diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid) have been detected; the diploid and tetraploid levels, hitherto unknown in this taxon, have been found exclusively in coastal areas of northern Spain and western France.