Heterostyly in species ofNarcissus (Amaryllidaceae) andHugonia (Linaceae) and other disputed cases

The hypothesis ofHenriques andFernandes that several Iberian species ofNarcissus (Amaryllidaceae) are tristylous is reconsidered. Contrary to the opinion ofBateman and most subsequent authors, we believe that the available evidence indicates that some populations ofN. triandrus andN. fernandesii, at least, are tristylous; other populations ofN. triandrus are distylous.Hugonia cf.penicillanthemum (Linaceae) from new Caledonia is distylous, but it remains possible that other species ofHugonia are tristylous. The disputed occurrence of heterostyly in S. African species ofBauhinia (Leguminosae),Cleome (Capparaceae) andAneilema (Commelinaceae), and inAgelaea (Connaraceae) is discussed.     

Delineations of forest fungi

Summary Several forest fungi, primarily species that occur in Mississippi, are discussed, and three species are described as new. These includeBotryobasidium (subgenusBrevibasidium)croceum Lentz,Tharoopama mississippiensis Lentz, andHarpographium zonatum Lentz.Dactylium leptosporum (Sacc.)Lentz is recognized as a distinct species, rather than as a subspecies ofD. dendroides Fr. Allescheriella crocea (Mont.)Hughes,D. leptosporum andMelanographium cookei M. B. Ellis are reported from Mississippi for the first time. Attention is called to the fact thatM. citri (Fragoso &Ciferri)M. B. Ellis apparently has not previously been reported from the United States, although a specimen from Florida is in the National Fungus Collections.B. croceum evidently represents the basidiophorous stage ofA. crocea.     

A new scolenaspidid (Osteostraci, Vertebrata) from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Anew osteostracan genus and species,Victoraspis longicornualis n. gen., n. sp., is described based on material from Rakovets’, present day Ukraine. This new taxon shares characters with the two generaStensiopelta Denison, 1951 andZychaspis Janvier, 1985. A phylogenetic analysis supports the position ofVictoraspis as the sister group to a monophyleticStensiopelta, while the interrelationships of the various species ofZychaspis are poorly resolved. A morphometric analysis is carried out in an attempt to further resolve the taxonomic affinity. This analysis groups all examinedZychaspis species closely together, and further supports the establishment ofVictoraspis as separate genus.      

Nouvelles espèces de Torymides paléarctiques (Hym. Torymidae)

Summary In this paper four new palearctic species ofTorymidae are described:Monodontomerus gladiatus andTorymus favardi from South of France,Glyphomerus signifer from Austria andPseudotorymus amethystinus from Algeria.Torymus favardi is a parasite of bothDryocosmus australis mayr andAndricus singulus (mayr), whereasGlyphomerus signifer has been bred from galls ofDiplolepis spinosissimae (gir.).      

Some foliicolous ectoparasites and associated fungi from Jabalpur (M.P.) II

Summary In this paper the author has described eight more interesting foliicolous ectoparasites from Jabalpur (M.P.) India. Out of thesePyrenochaeta mitteriellae Sahni an hyperparasite onMitteriella zizyphina Syd. colonising leaves ofZizyphus xylopyra Willd.,Chaetothyrium jasminicola Sahni onJasminum sambac Ait., andMyiocopron parviflorae Sahni onIxora parviflora Vahl are reported as new species.Micropeltis ekmanii Petr. &Cif. on leaves ofCarissa spinarum L.,Asterinella ixorae Ryan on leaves ofIxora parviflora Vahl andPlenotrichum sp. on leaves ofCasearia tomentosa Roxb. are three new fungus records for this country. The remaining two fungi viz.Asterina tonduzi (Speg.)Syd. onFlacourtia ramontchi L'Herr. andBalladynopsis negrii (Cast.) M. B.Ellis onRandia dumetorum Lamk. are new state reocrds.     

The taxonomic status ofGraecopithecus

In 1944 a single mandibular specimen was found in Pyrgos, southern Greece.von Koenigswald (1972) described this specimen and allocated it to a new taxon,Graecopithecus freybergi.de Bonis and colleagues later described new hominid specimens from northern Greece and allocated them to the new taxon,Ouranopithecus macedoniensis.Martin andAndrews (1984), however, argued that there was no reason for maintaining a generic or specific distinction between the northern and southern Greek fossil populations as suggested byde Bonis andMelentis. This paper reexamines the taxonomic status of the southern and northern Greek hominids in light of recent fossil discoveries and concludes that there is no evidence for recognizing two hominine genera from the Miocene of Greece. There is evidence, however, to suggest that the Macedonian hominid is specifically distinct from the southern Greek hominid. Thus, becauseGraecopithecus has taxonomic priority overOuranopithecus, it is concluded that the Macedonian specimens should be allocated to a separate species ofGraecopithecus.     

A new species ofFumana (Cistaceae) from Rif, Morocco

A new species ofFumana (Dunal) Spach subgenusFumana, F. fontqueri, is described from the region of Rif, Morocco. Notes on its morphology, ecology, distribution and taxonomic relationships are presented. It differs fromF. procumbens (Dunal) Gren. etGodr. andF. baetica Güemes, by the indument of the stem, the disposition of pedicels, and the size of the flowers.     

The trilobite generaEocryphops andPlagiolaria (Phacopidae)

Eocryphops andPlagiolaria are revised and a new species,E. albertii, is described from the Eifelian of Morocco.“Trimerocephalus” cyclophthalmus Walther, 1907, a species long assigned toEocryphops, is regarded as a junior subjective synonym of the type species ofPlagiolaria, Pl, plagiophthalma. Eocryphops originated in the evolutionary lineage leading toPhacops (s.str.), whereasPlagiolaria was probably derived fromLochkovella. Although they have been linked with the Late Devonian group of small-eyed and blind phacopids includingCryphops and its relatives. neitherEocryphops norPlagiolaria is ancestral to these forms. Confirmed occurrences ofEocryphops andPlagiolaria are from regions that were situated on the North Gondwana margin or on plates associated with this margin.     

Problematic cap-shaped fossils from the Lower Cambrian of North-East Greenland

Three species ofOcruranus Liu, 1979 are described from the Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland, of late Early Cambrian (middle Dyeran of North American usage) age, representing the youngest record of a genus originally described from the earliest Cambrian Meishucunian Stage of China. An accompanying species, tentatively assigned toXianfengella He &Yang, 1982, seems also to be present in South Australia in strata of late Early Cambrian (Botoman of Siberian usage) age, although also this genus was described originally from the Meishucunian.Ocruranus andXianfengella from China have been interpreted as possibly parts of coeloscleritophoran scleritomes, perhaps halkieriids, rather than individual molluscan shells. Their shell form is not typical of helcionelloids which otherwise dominate the Early Cambrian molluscan record, but conclusive evidence of affinity is not forthcoming from the Greenland records. New taxa:Ocruranus septentrionalis n. sp. andOcruranus tunuensis n. sp.      

Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribePlucheeae (Asteraceae)

The tribePlucheeae (Benth.)A. Anderb., has been analysed cladistically by means of a computerized parsimony program (Hennig 86), using theArctotideae as outgroup. The results of the analysis are presented in a consensus tree and one cladogram. Four major monophyletic subgroups can be recognized: TheColeocoma group (3 genera), thePterocaulon group (3 genera), theLaggera group (6 genera), and thePluchea group (12 genera). All recognized genera are described and most genera are supplied with taxonomical notes including comments on their taxonomic status. Genera such asBlumea, Pluchea, andEpaltes are demonstrated to be unnatural assemblages.Monarrhenus andTessaria are both closely related to thePluchea complex. The old generic nameLitogyne Harv. has been taken up for one species ofEpaltes, the genusRhodogeron is reduced to a synonym ofSachsia, and the following new combinations are made;Litogyne gariepina (DC.)A. Anderb., andSachsia coronopifolia (Griseb.)A. Anderb.     

Some helicosporae from Hyderabad-II

Summary In this communication four species each ofHelicomyces Linder andHelicosporium Nees are reported.Helicomyces hyderabadense, Helicosporium indicum andH. nizamabadense are reported as new species.Helicomyces fuscopes Linder,H. lilliputeus Moore andHelicosporium Neesii Moore are first records to India.     

Pteromalidae etEulophidae nouveaux d'Europe (Hym., Chalcidoidea)

Summary In the present paper the Author has described three new genera ofPteromalidae, two new species of the genusEnaysma Del. and one of the genusEpilampsis Del. (Euloph. Entedontinae). The first Pteromalid genus,Stenoselma, is closely related to the well knownAnisopteromalus Ruschka; the second new genus,Apelioma, has been proposed forDinotiscus (Dinotus) pteromalinus Thomson; the third,Aggelma, has been described for the new speciesabdominalis, collected in Central Europe onPinus montana. The other new species ofEntedontinae has been bred from leaf-miners (Lepidoptera).      

Zwei neue Heliotropium-Arten aus Afghanistan

Summary Two new species ofHeliotropium sect.Catimas DC. from the desert Registan in south-eastern Afghanistan are described, one of which,H. arenicolum Rech. f. et H.Riedl, is very closely related toH. Rechingeri H.Riedl (1967) and different from it only in the colour of the stems and the longer basal part of the style. The other one,H. leucocladum H.Riedl, belongs to a very natural group of xerophytic and halophytic species includingH. digynum (Forssk.)Aschers.,H. eremobium Bge.,H. Aucheri DC.,H. halame Boiss. etBuhse,H. Popovii H.Riedl andH. carmanicum Bge. Adaptations to the extremely dry habitat are discussed.     

Weitere Untersuchungen über Proteinkörper in Zellkernen und ihre taxonomische Bedeutung

In 83 species of the familiesMonotropaceae, Apocynaceae, Oleaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Bignoniaceae, Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Campanulaceae, andLiliaceae, protein bodies in the cell nuclei have been found, in 68 of these species for the first time. On the basis of their structure in accordance with morphological characters the generaBurgsdorfia, Hesiodia, Olisia, andPhlomoides of theLamiaceae are accepted;Lamium is divided intoLamium, Lamiastrum andOrvala; two new combinations are established:Kickxia campyloceras (Rech. fil. &Esfandiari)Speta andEtornotus papilionaceus (Burm. in L.)Speta. Deviating shape or lack of protein bodies corroborate former taxonomic decisions, e.g. the transfer ofMonotropa toMonotropaceae or the separation ofGaleopsis andLadanum; Veronica schmidtiana should not be included inPseudolysimachion. Systematic affinities are discussed primarily withinScrophulariaceae because nuclear protein bodies have been studied already in many species of this family. ForCampanula patula two 2 x populations are reported.

Herrn Professor Dr. L.Geitler zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Revision ofDoniophyton (Compositae, Barnadesioideae)

This revision describes, illustrates and documents morphological variation inDoniophyton (Compositae, Barnadesioideae), restricted to Argentina and Chile. Two species are recognized,D. anomalum andD. weddellii (sp. nova), possessing distinct morphological and chromosomal features, elevational tolerances, and nearly allopatric distributions.Doniophyton weddellii occurs primarily in central to northern Andean Chile and Argentina from 1900–4000 m a. s. l.;D. anomalum is found principally in centralwestern Argentina and south into Patagonia at 0–1800 m a. s. l. Close relationship exists withChuquiraga of subfam.Barnadesioideae. It is hypothesized thatDoniophyton evolved out ofChuquiraga in the high central Andes between Chile and Argentina. It is suggested thatD. weddellii differentiated first, correlating with an aneuploid chromosomal decrease from n = 27 (inChuquiraga) to n = 25. Further evolution and chromosomal decrease to n = 24 resulted inD. anomalum, with accompanying migration into southern Andes and Patagonia. Nomenclatural changes result from examination of protologues and type specimens:Doniophyton anomalum replaces the commonly used nameD. patagonicum, and a new species,D. weddellii, is described for the taxon masquerading under the routinely used superfluous nameD. andicola. This paper is dedicated with admiration and respect to emer. Univ.-Prof. DrFriedrich Ehrendorfer, one of the world's outstanding plant systematists, and a leading scientist and administrator of the Institute of Botany of the University of Vienna     

Parasitic deuteromycetes from South Brazil

Summary This paper deals with four new fungi from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Phaeseptoria stenocalycis Batista, Upadhyay &Da Costa Netto, collected on leaves ofStenocalyx dasyblastus Bert. from Grammado,Phoma jasmino-macrospora Batista, Upadhyay &Da Costa Netto, collected on leaves ofJasminum flexicaule Vahl. from Pôrto Alegre,Melanconium argutidentis Batista, Upadhyay &Da Costa Netto, collected on leaves ofSebastiana argutidens Pex &K. Hoff from Grammado andCercospora caleifoleii Batista, Upadhyay &Da Costa Netto, collected on leaves ofCalea pinnatifida Banks from Pôrto Alegre are described here.Symptoms on the hosts and morphological characters of the fruitings and spores are described and illustrated.Publicação no 456 of IMUFP.     

The belemnites described by Baron Ernst Friedrich von Schlotheim (1764–1832)

E. F. v. Schlotheim described 46 species of Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites in 1813,1820, and 1832. Their type specimens are in part housed at the Humboldt University of Berlin. The holotype ofBelemnites irregularis is here refigured. Lectotypes forB. acuarius, B. canaliculatus, B. clavatus, B. giganteus, andB. tripartitus are designated and figured for the first time. The lectotype ofBelemnites giganteus is designated to be the neotype ofBelemnites suevicus Klein 1773. 36 species are nomina nuda and nomina dubia, because none of their type specimens could be detected, among them the invalidB. paxillosus v. Schlotheim 1820, which is, according to its lectotype designated herein, likeBelemnites giganteus, a junior synonym ofMegateuthis suevica (Klein 1773). An original type specimenof Belemnites mucronatusv. Schlotheim 1813, for which a neotype had already been ruled by the ICZN in 1985, was re-discovered in thev. Schlotheim collection in 1996.v. Schlotheim’s belemnites were up to now designated to be type species of 12 genera.     

Permophricodothyris Pavlova, 1965 (Brachiopoda, Spiriferida) from the Permian of South China: its morphology, biostratigraphy and distribution

A study of both silicified and nonsilicified specimens of Permian reticularioid brachiopods from South China suggests thatPermophricodothyris, a genus previously rarely reported from China, is actually very common and abundant in the Middle and especially Upper Permian of South China. This study also clarifies, for the first time, that many of the reticularioid brachiopod species previously described asSquamularia in fact belong toPermophricodothyris. The new data presented in this paper also allows a critical evaluation ofPermophricodothyris in relation to its closest allies:Phricodothyris, Squamularia, Bullarina andNeophricodothyris. The revision reveals that a total of 18Permophricodothyris species are present in the Middle and Upper Permian of South China, with only one species,P. squamularioides, having survived the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Two species,P. grandis (Chao) andP. guangxiensis Han, Zhou & Wang, are redescribed here, providing critical new information on the morphology and taxonomy of these species.     

Some heterostrophic gastropods from Triassic St. Cassian Formation with a discussion on the classification of the Allogastropoda

Fifteen species of Heterostropha are described, 12 of them for the first time. All are newly interpreted with regard to their taxonomic relation to fossil and living gastropods. The Streptacidoidea with long Paleozoic history are represented in the Late Triassic St. Cassian Formation by several genera that can be differentiated into four families. The Ebalidae are represented byEbala, with smooth protoconch, Cassianebalidae byCassianebala andLoxebala with axially ornamented protoconch. The Donaldinidae of St. Cassian are represented by one species ofDonaldina and two ofNeodonaldina that stand in the continuation of Paleozoic species ofDonaldina. Architectonicoidea with shells coiled in a plane and Valvatoidea appear in the St. Cassian fauna without known Paleozoic relation. In the former superfamily the Architectonicidae can be recognized in the genusRinaldoconchus with two species. Cassianaxidae withCassianaxis, Amphitomariidae withAmphitomaria, Stuoraxidae withStuoraxis andAmpezzogyra have a sinistral protoconch and planispirally coiled dextral teleconchs. They all resemble different modern species that have similarly small shells. Modern Hyalogyrinidae have withAlexogyra a new representative from the Triassic. The Valvatoidea are represented with the generaCarboninia andBandellina of the Cornirostridae in the Triassic representatives. The relation of described species in the system of the Heterostropha is discussed.     

New sections in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Taraxacum</Emphasis>

Sectional taxonomy ofTaraxacum in steppe or subsaline habitats in Central Asia is revised based on material collected during expeditions, cultivated or studied in herbarium. Two new sections are described from that area:T. sect.Stenoloba similar toT. sect.Leucantha (syn.:T. sect.Sinensia), andT. sect.Suavia allied toT. sect.Dissecta. The type species of the sectionSuavia is described asTaraxacum formosissimum Kirschner etŠtěpánek. Widespread mountain dandelions of the Caucasus, intermediate between the sect.Piesis andT. stevenii, are described asT. sect.Confusa. Taraxacum species dominating dry habitats in S Ukraine and Crimea are described asT. sect.Borysthenica. Species belonging to the new sections were found to be polyploid and agamospermous.