杏鲍菇液体培养研究初报

采用液体摇瓶培养方法,对杏鲍菇适宜的液体培养基和液全培养条件（适宜温度,摇瓶装量,摇瓶转速,接种量,培养基初始pH等）进行了探讨。结果表明,杏鲍 菇适宜的液体培养基为：葡萄糖3%,蛋白胨0.2%,KH2PO40.05%,MgSO40.05%,pH6.5,适宜的液全培养条件为：培养温度25℃,培养基的初始pH6.5,摇瓶装量100-140ml/500ml,摇瓶转速150r/min,接种量10%,最佳培养时间7d。     

尿酸酶在大肠杆菌高密度表达的工艺优化

[目的]利用大肠杆菌高密度表达尿酸酶进行发酵培养,预构建一种高效、低成本生产尿酸酶的工艺路线。[方法]构建重组尿酸酶大肠杆菌体系,活化种子液,设计不同的接种量、培养温度,绘制生长曲线;种子液接种至不同p H值的培养基中进行诱导表达;种子液中加入不同浓度的IPTG诱导剂。[结果]10%的接种量细胞的OD_(600)为3. 348;菌体在37℃的培养环境下OD_(600)达到3. 8。培养基的初始pH值在7. 5时,尿酸酶的表达量达到25%以上。种子液加入0. 8 mmol/L的IPTG后,尿酸酶的表达量超过40%,持续培养6 h后,菌体OD_(600)为2. 9。[结论]与之前工艺对比,经过工艺优化之后,尿酸酶的表达量增超过25%,大肠杆菌的OD_(600)达到3. 0左右。     

不同发酵条件对细脚拟青霉(RCEF0969)抗白色念珠菌活性的影响

以细脚拟青霉RCEF0969菌株的抗菌活性为指标对该菌株的液体发酵条件进行优化得到最佳培养基为：4％白砂糖、0．5％黄豆粉、0．5％蛋白胨、0,006％MnSO4·H2O、0．05％MgSO4·7H2O、2％麦芽汁。并且得到最佳发酵工艺条件为：斜面培养4d的种子作为摇瓶种子,以10％的接种量接种于装液量为2／5的三角瓶中,培养温度为28℃,摇瓶转速为160r／min,培养时间为6d。     

大菱鲆鳗弧菌灭活疫苗原液发酵条件的优化

为实现大菱鲆鳗弧菌灭活疫苗中试生产,通过对大菱鲆鳗弧菌菌株VAM003二级种子培养时间、盐度、培养基、接种量、补料等发酵条件的优化筛选,确定大菱鲆鳗弧菌菌株VAM003灭活疫苗发酵原液的发酵工艺条件。鳗弧菌菌珠VAM003接种于含2. 5%Na Cl的TSB液体发酵培养基,28℃振荡培养12～14 h,制备二级种子液,按发酵罐培养基总量的10%接种二级种子液,28℃补料发酵10～12 h。在该条件下鳗弧菌菌株VAM003发酵活菌数达到1. 20×1010cfu/m L,比优化前提高120%以上。     

裸脚菇0612-9液体菌种优化及其对后续发酵产活性物质的影响

裸脚菇0612-9次级代谢产物具有强烈抗青绿霉活性,可作为微生物源防腐剂用于柑橘保藏,但是其发酵周期长,产出能耗大效率低。用摇瓶对裸脚菇0612-9的液体菌种培养基、培养条件进行优化并对优化后液体菌种接种种龄、接种量进行探索,最后用5L发酵罐进行放大发酵验证。取样计数测定菌丝球数量、过滤称重测定菌丝干重、HPLC监测活性物质Ⅱ的积累、牛津杯法评价抗青绿霉活性。经研究最佳碳源为玉米粉和麦芽糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨,最佳液体菌种培养基组成为：玉米粉30g/L、麦芽糖10g/L、蛋白胨15g/L、KH₂PO₄ 2g/L、MgSO₄·7H₂O 1g/L;最佳培养条件：起始pH 5、接种3×Ф7mm菌块、装液量100mL/250mL三角瓶、温度28℃、转速160r/min;优化前菌丝球数46个/10mL,菌丝干重0.28g/100mL,优化后菌球数达985个/10mL,菌丝干重达0.69g/100mL,分别为优化前的21.4倍、2.43倍;后续发酵使用种龄9d的液体菌种、接种量7.5%。优化后液体菌种在发酵罐中后续发酵周期从10d缩短至5d,缩短50%,产量比优化前提高8.28%。     

光合细菌最佳生长条件筛选

目的:优化光合细菌的最佳培养条件。方法:通过绘制不同的生长曲线研究不同培养基及不同培养条件等理化因素对2株光合细菌(类球红细菌1.2174、沼泽红假单胞菌1.2180)生长的影响。结果:①1.2174最佳条件:培养基(蒸馏水配制的液体富集培养基和固体ATYP);温度(35℃);pH值(8.0和9.0);接种量(培养基/种子液5:1和4:1)。②1.2180最佳条件:培养基(海水配制的ATYP和蒸馏水配制的液体富集培养基);温度(25℃和35℃);pH值(7.0和8.0);接种量(培养基/种子液2∶1和4∶1)③两株菌的光照、氧需求程度、菌群协同和振荡条件相同。结论:通过筛选,蒸馏水配制的液体富集培养基和固体ATYP培养基、35℃、1000lx、pH值8.0、培养基/种子液4∶1、微氧、有菌群协同、振荡可作为二者的通用培养条件。     

水稻原生质体制备条件的优化及其细胞壁变化的快速检测

以疣粒野生稻和栽培稻02428的成熟种子为材料,对愈伤组织的诱导和继代、胚性悬浮细胞系建立、原生质体制备、再生细胞团分化及植株再生进行研究。结果表明：（1）水稻愈伤组织诱导的最佳2,4-D浓度为0.014 mmol/L;（2）胚性悬浮细胞系建立的最佳条件为AA 悬浮培养基+ 0.009 mmol/L 2,4-D ,每25 mL液体培养基加入0.4 g愈伤组织的初始接种量,7 d的继代周期;（3）原生质体制备的最佳条件为20 g/L纤维素酶+ 1 g/L果胶酶,酶解5 h,800 r/min离心5 min;（4）用荧光增白剂（VBL）细胞壁染色液可以快速、准确的检测原生质体制备及培养过程中细胞壁的变化情况。     

茶树菇液体发酵条件的优化

对茶树菇(Agrocybe cylindracea)液体摇瓶培养的碳氮源、接种量、装液量以及培养时间进行了研究,筛选出了茶树菇液体培养的适宜条件。尝试将外源植物激素应用于茶树菇液体培养中,探讨其加快菌丝体繁殖的可能性。结果表明,茶树菇液体发酵适宜的培养基为:马铃薯20%+小麦粉2%+酵母粉0.1%+MgSO_4 0.3%+KH_2PO_40.2%+VB_1 10 mg/L。培养条件以250 mL摇瓶装液量120 mL,接种量10 mL/100 mL,培养9 d终止发酵为宜。培养基中添加10 mg/L的外源激素NAA,能显著提高菌丝的生物量。     

桑黄液体发酵工艺的研究

通过对桑黄液体发酵培养基、培养条件优化实验研究,以获得具有与桑黄子实体相似功效成分的桑黄菌丝体液体发酵工艺。以菌丝体收率为主要考察指标,采用单因子及L9(34)正交实验的方法,对桑黄液体发酵培养基及培养条件进行优化,确定桑黄液体发酵工艺条件。桑黄液体发酵最佳培养基及培养条件:玉米粉2%,葡萄糖3%,酵母膏0.5%,蛋白胨0.5%,KH2PO40.3%,Mg SO4·7H2O 0.15%,VB120μg/100 m L,p H5.5,接种量8%,培养温度28℃,摇床转数180 r/min,培养周期82 h。优化条件下所获得桑黄菌丝体粉为土黄色,菌丝体平均得率为1.67%,菌丝体黄酮含量(0.84%)与桑黄子实体(0.88%)相当,菌丝体多糖含量(5.15%)是子实体(1.71%)的3倍。可见,该桑黄液体发酵工艺具有较大的推广应用价值。     

黄霉素产生菌BBG1213的发酵工艺优化

对黄霉素产生菌Streptomyces bambergiensis1213培养基配方、种子培养时间及摇瓶装液量等培养条件进行优化,结果表明:当发酵培养基配方为:玉米淀粉3.5%、玉米浆0.6%、酵母粉1.0%、蛋白胨0.3%、黄豆饼粉2.5%、(NH4)2SO40.13%、K2HPO40.03%,BBG1213产抗水平最高;种子培养时间36h为宜;摇瓶装液量30ml,发酵周期86h-89h最佳。采用双碟法,建立了发酵液中黄霉素含量测定方法。     

携多拷贝glaA的重组黑曲霉过量合成糖化酶的研究

以工业生产菌株黑曲霉CICIMF0410基因组DNA为模板,扩增出糖化酶glaA基因,测序并进行表达研究。GlaA基因的核苷酸序列长为2167bp,包含4个内含子。氨基酸序列比对表明此黑曲霉糖化酶与其他曲霉属来源的糖化酶有很高的同源性。将glaA基因克隆到pBC-Hygro载体中,构建重组质粒pBC-Hygro-glaA并转化A.nigerF0410。携多拷贝glaA的转化子用150μg/mL潮霉素抗性筛选并通过荧光实时定量PCR鉴定。结果表明,在染色体整合2~3倍糖化酶基因对糖化酶的过量合成是适宜的,有助于提高糖化酶活力。对转化子进行摇瓶发酵研究,发酵终止时转化子GB0506的糖化酶活力比出发菌株F0410提高了17.5%。因此,增加黑曲霉染色体糖化酶基因的拷贝数可以显著提高糖化酶活力。     

Use of catabolic repression in the selection of the glucoamylase-producer Aspergillus niger

The effect of various carbon sources and cAMP on the glucoamylase synthesis in Aspergillus niger was studied to find carbon sources repressed the enzyme synthesis and conditions for the selection of catabolite stable mutants. Maltose at a concentration of 0.5% stimulated the glucoamylase synthesis, but at a concentration of 4% it repressed not only the enzyme synthesis but the growth of the parental strain on the agar medium. The more active mutant 66 was obtained as a result of treatment of Asp. niger st 6 with NG. This mutant is able to grow on the Czapek's medium containing maltose at concentrations 4 or 6%. The mutant 66 produced about 2.9 times more glucoamylase than its parent when maltose was added at 0.5% concentration to the medium. The glucoamylase synthesis in the parental strain was completely repressed under repressing conditions, while the level of the mutant strain activity was 35% from the level of enzyme activity on the medium without the repressor. The addition of cAMP (5.10(-5] resulted in a partial release of maltose (4%) repression of the glucoamylase synthesis in both strains. The results obtained indicate a possibility to select Asp niger mutants with the partially derepressed glucoamylase synthesis. Other regulation mechanisms in addition to catabolite repression may be involved in the regulation of the glucoamylase synthesis.     

Production of raw cassava starch-digestive glucoamylase by a 2-deoxyglucose-resistant mutant of Rhizopus sp.

In order to improve the productivity of raw cassava starch-digestive glucoamylase of Rhizopus sp. MB46 in a liquid culture, a mutant strain, AF-1, which is resistant to 2-deoxyglucose, was derived. The mutant strain produced glucoamylase in the presence of 0.5% glucose though the parent strain did not. With a rice bran liquid medium the productivity was over 2-times that of the wild type strain. A rice bran liquid medium supplemented with β-cyclodextrin was also effective for glucoamylase production. Other maceration enzymes were also produced at a higher level with mutant strain AF-1 than with the wild type strain in a liquid culture as well as in a solid culture. The elution patterns of these enzymes on CM-cellulose column chromatography were principally the same with both strains except for glucoamylase. When 10% of raw cassava starch and cassava waste were digested with the culture filtrate of mutant strain AF-1, glucose was produced in 7% after 60-h incubation and 3.2% after 48-h incubation, respectively.     

One-step purification of glucoamylase by affinity precipitation with alginate.

It was found that alginate binds to glucoamylase, presumably through the recognition of starch binding domain of the latter. The present work exploits this for purification of glucoamylases from commercial preparation of Aspergillus niger and crude culture filtrate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by affinity precipitation technique in a single-step protocol. Glucoamylase is selectively precipitated using alginate as macroaffinity ligand and later eluted with 1.0 M maltose. In the case of A. niger, 81% activity is recovered with 28-fold purification. The purified glucoamylase gave a single band on SDS-PAGE corresponding to 78 kDa molecular weight. The developed affinity precipitation process also works efficiently for purification of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens glucoamylase from its crude culture filtrate, giving 78% recovery with 38-fold purification. The purified preparation showed a major band corresponding to 62 kDa and a faint band about 50 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The latter corresponds to the molecular weight for alpha-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.     

Isoglucose production from raw starchy materials based on a two-stage enzymatic system

A new low-cost glucoamylase preparation for liquefaction and saccharification of starchy raw materials in a one-stage system was developed and characterized. A non-purified biocatalyst with a glucoamylase activity of 3.11 U/mg, an alpha-amylase activity of 0.12 WU/mg and a protein content of 0.04 mg protein/mg was obtained from a shaken-flask culture of the strain Aspergillus niger C-IV-4. Factors influencing the enzymatic hydrolysis of starchy materials such as reaction time, temperature and enzyme and substrate concentration were standardized to maximize the yield of glucose syrup. Thus, a 90% conversion of 5% starch, a 67.5% conversion of 5% potato flour and a 55% conversion of 5% wheat flour to sweet syrups containing up to 87% glucose was reached in 3 h using 1.24 glucoamylase U/mg hydrolyzed substrate. The application of such glucoamylase preparation and a commercially immobilized glucose isomerase for the production of glucose-fructose syrup in a two-stage system resulted in high production of stable glucose/fructose blends with a fructose content of 50%. A high concentration of fructose in obtained sweet syrups was achieved when isomerization was performed both in a batch and repeated batch process.     

Production of ethanol directly from potato starch by mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger using electrochemical bioreactor

When cultivated aerobically, Aspergillus niger hyphae produced extracellular glucoamylase, which catalyzes the saccharification of unliquified potato starch into glucose, but not when grown under anaerobic conditions. The Km and Vmax of the extracellular glucoamylase were 652.3 mg starch l-1 and 253.3 mg glucose l-1 min-1, respectively. In mixed culture of A. niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, oxygen had a negative influence on the alcohol fermentation of yeast, but activated fungal growth. Therefore, oxygen is a critical factor for ethanol production in the mixed culture, and its generation through electrolysis of water in an electrochemical bioreactor needs to be optimized for ethanol production from starch by coculture of fungal hyphae and yeast cells. By applying pulsed electric fields (PEF) into the electrochemical bioreactor, ethanol production from starch improved significantly: Ethanol produced from 50 g potato starch l-1 by a mixed culture of A. niger and S. cerevisiae was about 5 g l-1 in a conventional bioreactor, but was 9 g l-1 in 5 volts of PEF and about 19 g l-1 in 4 volts of PEF for 5 days.     

The effect of the method of inoculation on the growth and variability of Bacillus thuringiensis H14 266/2-1

The method of inoculation was studied for its effect on the growth and variability of Bacillus thuringiensis H14 266/2-1 when cultivating them in the liquid nutrient medium inoculate with inoculum prepared by different procedures. Optimal conditions of the inoculum preparation are determined. Productivity of the strain when inoculating the medium with the aerial-dry inoculum was studied as compared to the inoculation by the inoculum taken from the mown agar. It is established that selection of the virulent R-form from colonies should serve as a basis for the preparation of the stable morphologically uniform inoculum. The aerial-dried culture of bacilli is shown to be more effective since it is characterized by higher and stable indices of productivity and is more prepared to a long-duration storage than the inoculated agar media. A more rapid transition (by 2-4h) of the culture to the use of the carbon source is marked. The culture of bacilli is different in a higher developmental level: sporulation and crystallization initiate during the first hours of inoculation and by the 24th hour sporulation reaches 100% with the prevailing content of R-form.     

Economical glucoamylase production by alginate-immobilized Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae in cane molasses medium

AIMS: The present investigation is aimed at assessing the suitability of cane molasses as a cheaper carbon and energy source for glucoamylase production using alginate-immobilized Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae. METHODS AND RESULTS: The culture variables for glucoamylase production were optimized by 'one-variable-at-a-time' strategy and response surface methodology (RSM). A high glucoamylase titre was attained when 40 alginate beads (c. 5x10(6) immobilized spores) were used to inoculate 50 ml of cane molasses (8%) medium in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Response surface optimization of fermentation parameters (cane molasses 7%, inoculum level 44 alginate beads per 50 ml of medium and ammonium nitrate 0.25%) resulted in 1.8-fold higher glucoamylase production (27 U ml(-1)) than that in the unoptimized medium (15 U ml(-1)). Enzyme production was also sustainable in 22 l of laboratory air-lift bioreactor. CONCLUSIONS: Cane molasses served as an excellent carbon and energy source for the economical production of glucoamylase, which was almost comparable with that in sucrose yeast-extract broth. The statistical model developed using RSM allowed determination of optimum levels of the variables for improving glucoamylase production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The cost of glucoamylase produced in cane molasses supplemented with ammonium nitrate was considerably lower (euro1.43 per million U) than in synthetic medium containing sucrose and yeast-extract (euro35.66 per million U). The reduction in fermentation time in air-lift bioreactor with sustainable glucoamylase titres suggested the feasibility of scale up of the process.     

布雷菲尔德菌素A高产菌的选育和发酵条件优化

研究了选育布雷菲尔德茵素A(BFA)高产茵和优化发酵条件.采用紫外线照射(UV)、亚硝基胍(NTG)和UV+NTG复合诱变处理BFA产生茵Eupenicillum sp.E-0506筛选突变株后进一步发酵选育;采用单因素筛选结合正交试验考察摇瓶装液量、转速等因素的影响.试验所确定的BFA产生茵的孢子诱变适宜条件为:孢子...     

Combined use of growth rate correlated and growth rate independent promoters for recombinant glucoamylase production in Fusarium venenatum

Fusarium venenatum JeRS 325, a strain which produces recombinant glucoamylase under control of a growth rate independent promoter was transformed with a plasmid carrying the Aspergillus niger glucoamylase gene under control of its own growth rate correlated promoter. Some disruption of the original recombinant genes occurred and at pH 5.8 the double transformant did not produce as much glucoamylase as JeRS 325 in batch culture. However, the double transformant still produced as much glucoamylase as JeRS 325 in fed-batch cultures, illustrating the potential for the combined use of growth rate independent and dependent promoters to improve production of recombinant proteins in fed-batch culture systems.