大肠杆菌抗铜启动子的亚克隆

大肠杆菌的抗铜质粒中含有两个抗铜启动子,PpcoA和PpcoE,它们均含有copperbox。为了证实copper box在抗铜作用中的重要性以及研究抗铜启动子的特性,以质粒pUCD615为报告载体进行了这两个启动子不同长度片段的亚克隆。限制性酶切和DNA序列分析的结果表明,这些片段的亚克隆都是成功的;此外报告基因lux-荧光酶活性测定的结果表明,两个不含有copper box的Ppco short-lux亚克隆均不表达荧光酶活性,而其他启动子片段的亚克隆则都具有较高的酶活性,说明这两个亚克隆不具有启动子功能,初步证明在抗铜启动子中copper box是不可少的。     

转基因植物启动子的化学诱导

研究活体内基因功能最有效的方法是当某一特定基因产物的水平发生改变时 ,通过分离突变体或构建转基因植株分析其表型。但反义ＲＮＡ或一些显性负性蛋白的表达能够引起有功能的基因表达产物的减少。若在实验过程中获得某种功能 ,则基因表达产物量的提高就提供了较有价值的信息 ,且通过改变了分子特征的基因表达产物可以研究细胞的调控机制。若使基因的活动处于可逆及暂时能精确调控的方式就使得上述研究基因功能的方法更为有效。在转基因的表达参与植株再生过程的情况下 ,就必须应用可调控系统。可调控的启动子不仅能研究不同发育阶段基因产…     

植物启动子的诱导模序

启动子是位于基因 5′端并负责该基因转录的DNA序列。诱导性启动子中有一些对伤害、真菌侵染、紫外线照射、激素等做出应答反应的顺式作用元件 ,被称为模序。已在植物启动子中鉴定出许多与诱导表达相关的模序 ,如伤害诱导模序 ,真菌诱导模序 ,植物激素诱导模序和光诱导模序等。这些模序作为启动子的顺式元件对各种诱导因子做出反应、调控基因的表达。     

植物启动子的化学因素诱导元件

启动子是位于结构基因5'端上游区域调控基因转录的一段DNA序列。已在植物启动子中鉴定出许多与诱导表达相关的顺式作用元件,这些元件对各种物理、化学刺激做出反应,调控基因表达。文章从化学因素诱导表达启动子入手,介绍植物表达启动子中激素、伤害、NaCl诱导顺式作用元件研究的进展。     

大肠杆菌染色体上严谨型启动子的构建

【背景】启动子的渗漏表达是代谢工程和合成生物学较为关注的问题,探索严谨型启动子使之能像开关一样控制基因的表达有助于解决这一问题。【目的】为避免在质粒上研究启动子带来的弊端,本研究将在染色体上对严谨型启动子进行构建和评价。【方法】基于4种调控元件四环素tetO、乳糖lacO、阿拉伯糖araC和鼠李糖rhaR的序列,以及2种来源的启动子PL和Plac序列,设计和组合构建了6个启动子PtetO2、PtetO3、PlacO2、PlacO3、PlacO+ara和PlacO+rha。应用CRISPR/Cas9系统将这6个启动子序列整合到大肠杆菌ATCC 8739染色体上,利用绿色荧光蛋白(Green fluorescent protein,GFP)的表达,分析这6个启动子的相对表达强度和严谨型控制情况。【结果】GFP表达分析显示,启动子PlacO+rha为最佳严谨型启动子,在无诱导剂时表达为0.02,有诱导剂时最大表达强度为lac Z基因启动子的12倍,相对控制范围为600倍。【结论】研究结果将为代谢工程和合成生物学中的精确调控基因表达奠定良好的应用基础。     

构建一种基于双启动子模型的特异性检测镉离子的大肠杆菌传感器

为构建一种能够特异性检测镉离子的大肠杆菌荧光报告菌株,本研究通过对检测元件模式和荧光蛋白的筛选后,以蓝色荧光蛋白mTagBFP2基因作为报告基因,使用双启动子模式,构建融合报告载体Pmer::merR-m-Pmer::mTagBFP2-pMD19-T。然后将报告载体转化至E.coli MC4100菌中,构建特异性检测镉离子的微生物传感器,并对此微生物传感器进行了最佳培养基、起始诱导浓度和时间、最适检测范围等相关参数的确定,以及对特异性进行了测定。研究表明,此微生物传感器检测镉离子背景信号低,选定起始菌液浓度为OD600=0.1,于IHMM培养基中诱导2 h为最佳检测条件,检测镉离子线性浓度范围为0.1-75μmol/L,并且只对Cd2+响应,特异性较高。因此,本研究成功构建了能够特异性检测镉离子的生物传感器,为重金属微生物传感器的优化研究工作提供了有用方案。     

水稻白叶枯病菌受寄主诱导启动子的克隆

用一个具链霉素（Ｓｍ）抗性,含无启动子ＣＡＴ基因的广宿主启动子探针质粒ｐＩＪ３１００．用鸟枪法克隆水稻白叶枯病菌染色体ＤＮＡ的ＢａｍＨ１酶切片段,重组质粒转化大肠杆菌ＥＤ＿（８７６７）,在含链霉素和氯霉素的ＬＢ平板上筛选含有水稻白叶枯病菌启动子活性片段的转化子。在帮助质粒ｐＲＫ２０１３的帮助下,通过三亲交配,将转化子中重组质粒转移进野生型的水稻白叶枯病菌中去,在分别含有链霉素和氯霉素的ＰＳＡ对照平板上筛选对热氯霉素敏感的接合子。随机挑取２００个该接合子,接种用氯霉素处理的水稻感病品种金南风,得到１５个比对     

pib基因启动子及其诱导启动性初探

将pib基因上游5.7 kb区段取代pCAMBIA1301中gus基因上游的35S启动子构建了pib拟启动区-GUS+ 35S-hpt 基因表达载体pNAR604。经农杆菌介导转化水稻成熟胚愈伤,获得了转基因抗潮霉素愈伤和36株转基因水稻植株。 转基因抗性愈伤和转基因植株根的组织化学GUS活性检测表明,光照培养下的抗性愈伤和转基因植株根不能使X-gluc显色,而暗处理24 h后的抗性愈伤和定植后转基因植株的根能使X-gluc显色。转基因植株GUS荧光定量分析结果表明,GUS表达具有器官特异性,黑暗处理前根的GUS活性最高、茎次之,分别是是叶片的7倍和3倍,叶片中仅有痕量本底。24 h黑暗处理后根、茎、叶中GUS活性都有增加,且叶片中的增加比例最大,其活性仅次于根。5 mmol/L水杨酸和0.3 mol/L NaCl叶面喷施转基因植株24 h后叶片中GUS活性分别为处理前的2.7和3.6倍。初步确定pib拟启动区是一个诱导型启动子。黑暗、水杨酸和NaCl能诱导该启动子启动活性。     

麦芽糖诱导梯度强度启动子的定向进化改造

不同灵敏度与响应强度的启动子在基因表达调控与代谢工程改造中应用广泛。为筛选不同诱导表达强度的启动子元件,本研究以麦芽糖诱导启动子Pglvc为对象,通过易错PCR方法对麦芽糖诱导型启动子进行突变获得启动子突变体库,然后基于四环素筛选的细胞生长偶联方法对突变体进行高效筛选,获得了不同响应范围和强度的启动子突变体,最终得到的诱导型启动子突变体(MT2、MT3、MT4、MT6)对麦芽糖诱导剂的响应范围从0–3 g/L扩展至0–15 g/L,其中最高诱导表达强度菌株(MT8)较原始启动子菌株的绿色荧光蛋白表达水平提高约3.15倍,有利于进一步拓展梯度强度启动子在枯草芽孢杆菌代谢工程和合成生物学中的应用。     

金属离子对细胞自噬的诱导作用

自噬是真核生物普遍存在的重要生理过程,通过溶酶体降解错误折叠的蛋白质、异常的细胞器从而循环利用自身内含物。细胞自噬广泛参与多种病理和生理过程,是当前生物医学领域研究的热点之一。自噬的分子机制能够揭示自噬本质,不仅有利于理解自噬的生理意义,也有利于寻找新的药物靶点,为治疗疾病提供理论基础。金属离子能通过不同的信号通路诱导自噬,其研究对药物开发和疾病治疗具有重要的意义。主要从自噬的分子机制、金属离子的诱导作用两方面进行阐述。     

Induction and stabilization of synchrony in the cell division of Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli strains B5 and B/r/1 were grown under conditions of periodic glucose starvation in a minimal medium. Such conditions of growth give rise to two synchronous populations that are out of phase regarding their time of division, one dividing shortly after a new supply of fresh medium and the other at a later stage of the feeding cycle. Preferential selection of one of the two populations using heat treatment resulted in a homogeneous synchronized culture that exhibited in a non-limiting medium a high degree of synchrony that was long lasting. Synchrony and its persistence could survive preservation of such a synchronized culture by freeze drying. An explanation of the synchrony persistence was put forward and the practical implications of these findings were discussed.     

利用大肠杆菌克隆在原核生物中有活性的油菜基因启动子

利用本室构建的基因启动子探针型载体ｐＳＵＰＶ４直接在大肠杆菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ（Ｍｉｇｕｌａ）ＣａｓｔｅｌａｎｉｅｔＣｈａｌｍｅｒｓ）中分离油菜（ＢｒａｓｉｃａｎａｐｕｓＬ．）基因启动子片段,获得卡那霉素抗性重组子３３个。对重组子ｐＲＰ１０做了进一步鉴定：Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交表明ＲＰ１０片段来自油菜基因组,并与基因组中的另一些序列具有同源性;ＲＰ１０片段５′端区域的缺失可使卡那霉素抗性水平从１００ｍｇ／Ｌ降至２５ｍｇ／Ｌ,说明缺失的序列可能影响基因转录效率;序列分析发现ＲＰ１０片段内存在几个真核基因启动子的保守序列;用根癌农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（ＳｍｉｔｈｅｔＴｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ）Ｃｏｎｎ）转化法将ＲＰ１０ＧＵＳ基因转入油菜,组织化学分析显示ＲＰ１０在愈伤组织中可以启动融合的ＧＵＳ基因表达     

Induction of the soxRS regulon of Escherichia coli by glycolaldehyde

The ability of short-chain sugars to cause oxidative stress has been examined using glycolaldehyde as the simplest sugar. Short-chain sugars autoxidize in air, producing superoxide and alpha,beta-dicarbonyls. In Escherichia coli the soxRS regulon mediates an oxidative stress response, which protects the cell against both superoxide-generating agents and nitric oxide. In superoxide dismutase-deficient E. coli mutants, glycolaldehyde induces fumarase C and nitroreductase A, which are regulated as members of the soxRS regulon. A mutational defect in soxRS eliminates that induction. This establishes that glycolaldehyde can cause induction of this defensive regulon. This effect of glycolaldehyde was oxygen-dependent, was not shown by glyoxal, and was not seen in the superoxide dismutase-replete parental strain, and it was abolished by a cell-permeable SOD mimetic. All of these suggest that superoxide radicals produced by the oxidation of glycolaldehyde played a key role in the induction.     

Bioaccumulation of Copper Ions by Escherichia coli Expressing Vanabin Genes from the Vanadium-Rich Ascidian Ascidia sydneiensis samea

The genes encoding two vanadium-binding proteins, vanabin1 and vanabin2, from a vanadium-rich ascidian, Ascidia sydneiensis samea, were recently identified and cloned (T. Ueki, T. Adachi, S. Kawano, M. Aoshima, N. Yamaguchi, K. Kanamori, and H. Michibata, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1626:43-50, 2003). The vanabins were found to bind vanadium(IV), and an excess of copper(II) ions inhibited the binding of vanadium(IV) to the vanabins in vitro. In this study, we constructed Escherichia coli strains that expressed vanabin1 or vanabin2 fused to maltose-binding protein (MBP) in the periplasmic space. We found that both strains accumulated about twenty times more copper(II) ions than the control BL21 strain, while no significant accumulation of vanadium was observed. The strains expressing either MBP-vanabin1 or MBP-vanabin2 absorbed approximately 70% of the copper ions in the medium to which 10 μM copper (II) ions were initially added. The MBP-vanabin1 and MBP-vanabin2 protein expressed in the periplasm bound to copper ions at a copper:protein molar ratio of 8:1 and 5:1, respectively, but MBP did not bind to copper ions. These data showed that the metal-binding proteins vanabin1 and vanabin2 bound copper ions directly and enhanced the bioaccumulation of copper ions by E. coli.     

Molecular genetics and transport analysis of the copper-resistance determinant (pco) from Escherichia coli plasmid pRJ1004

The copper-resistance determinant ( pco ) of Escherichia coli plasmid pRJ1004 was cloned and sequenced. Tn 1000 transposon mutagenesis identified four complementation groups, mutations in any of which eliminated copper resistance. DNA sequence analysis showed that the four complementation groups contained six open reading frames, designated pcoABCDRS . The protein product sequences derived from the nucleotide sequence show close homology between this copper-resistance system and the cop system of a plasmid pPT23D of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato . The PcoR and PcoS protein sequences show homology to the family of two-component sensor/responder phosphokinase regulatory systems. A seventh reading frame ( pcoE ) was identified from DNA sequence data, and lies downstream of a copper-regulated promoter. Transport assays with ⁶⁴Cu(II) showed that the resistant cells containing the plasmid had reduced copper accumulation during the log phase of growth, while increased accumulation had previously been observed during stationary phase. Chromosomal mutants defective in cellular copper management were obtained and characterized. In two of these mutants pco resistance was rendered totally inactive, whilst in another two mutants pco complemented the defective genes. These data indicate that plasmid-borne copper resistance in E. coli is linked with chromosomal systems for copper management.     

The Effect of the lacY Gene on the Induction of IPTG Inducible Promoters, Studied in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens

The role of the Escherichia coli lacY gene product (the lactose permease) in the induction of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) inducible promoters was studied in E. coli and P. fluorescens. This was done by comparing strains containing a lacIPOZYA chromosomal insert with newly constructed strains containing inserts without the lacY gene (lacIPOZ). The lactose operon inserts were introduced as single-copy chromosomal inserts to eliminate differences in expression caused by differences in copy number. Comparison between the two types of inserts showed that the lactose permease was essential to allow growth on lactose by both bacteria and that the lactose permease plays an important role in transporting the inducer IPTG across the membrane of P. fluorescens. The use of a functional lactose permease allows expression of β-galactosidase to increase more than fivefold from a wild-type lac promoter in P. fluorescens SS1001. We suggest that an increase in the rate of protein synthesis from lac-type promoters could be enhanced if an active lactose permease is present as well. Received: 29 October 1997 / Accepted: 8 December 1997     

枯草杆菌脂肪酶基因在大肠杆菌中的诱导分泌表达

借助生物信息学对已克隆的枯草杆菌脂肪酶LipB2全长基因序列进行比对分析。结果显示该脂肪酶基因全长635bp,编码包括31个氨基酸分泌型信号肽在内的211个氨基酸,与NCBIGenBank中已报道的枯草杆菌属脂肪酶核苷酸序列有94.0%的一致性。将该基因克隆到pET-28a(+)表达载体上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),利用枯草杆菌脂肪酶的信号肽序列进行了分泌表达。SDS-PAGE电泳显示分泌表达的脂肪酶分子质量约为21kD。对表达条件优化后,在30℃、大肠杆菌菌液OD600值为1.8、乳糖诱导浓度为1.5mM、摇瓶发酵10h后大肠杆菌分泌表达26.0U/mL重组脂肪酶,相比较IPTG的诱导,既实现了脂肪酶的高效表达,又节省了成本。