柴达木盆地北缘昆特依凹陷始新统下干柴沟组微体古生物研究

昆2井是柴达木盆地北部昆特依凹陷区潜伏Ⅰ号构造上的第一口勘探井,为了建立该地区地层层序,对该井的岩屑及岩芯样品进行了系统的微体古生物学研究,仅在下干柴沟组发现少量轮藻化石和零星的介形类化石。下干柴沟组下段出现的轮藻类Gyrogona qianjiangica和Lamprothamnium? brevis是我国中始新世最常见的化石。该层段的轮藻类可命名为Gyrogona qianjiangica-Lamprothamniumcurta-L. brevis组合,时代为中、晚始新世。本文以Gyrogona qianjiangica分布的顶、底界作为昆2井下干柴沟组下段的标志,划分结果与其它轮藻及介形类化石的对比结果基本一致。氯离子含量分布显示,轮藻类化石产出的下干柴沟组是整个地层剖面中含盐度最低的沉积阶段,表明下干柴沟组沉积时期,该地区处于水域比较广阔的淡水湖泊环境,但在个别层段出现咸化环境,产出以喜盐的Austrocypris为代表的介形类化石。     

生物序层——以生物地层学为基础的层序地层单位

生物序层在本文中定义为以生物地层学为基础的层序地层单位，生物序层是由生物地怯不整合办公室的一套地层组合或与这磁地层相当的整合的地层体。因此，生物层的识别严格地信赖于生物或更精细的生物地层资料，这些资料通常来源于对那些经过限定、具有相同铁带在横向和纵向上化石组合的收集和解释。由于生物序层与时间有明确的关系，根据定义在一般的说邓层内同的岩相类型具有成因上的联系，并且代表合理的横向和纵向上的古地定分布，     

微古生物在高分辨层序地层学中的应用——以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷层序地层分析为例

以南海珠江口盆地惠州凹陷第三纪某井段的层序地层分析为例,说明微古生物（钙质超微化石和有孔虫）在层序地层分析中的作用。浮游有孔虫和钙质超微化石的ＬＯＤ能为层序地层提供精确可靠的年代地层格架,它们的丰度、分异度的峰值能指示沉积层序中不同的界面特征。通常浮游有孔虫和钙质超微化石的丰度、分异度的最大峰值与层序中最大海泛面凝缩段对应,而层序界面附近井段出现丰度、分异度峰值的低谷。     

微体古生物-层序地层学相结合方法在地层划分中的应用--以大港滩海埕北断阶带关家堡地区古近系为例

大港滩海埕北断阶带古近系较为复杂,地层划分对比困难,本文采用了古生物组合—高分辨率层序地层学相结合的方法对研究区进行地层划分对比。     

微体古生物一层序地层学相结合方法在地层划分中的应用——以大港滩海埕北断阶带关家堡地区古近系为例

大港滩海埕北断阶带古近系较为复杂,地层划分对比困难,本文采用了古生物组合—高分辨率层序地层学相结合的方法对研究区进行地层划分对比。     

内蒙古开鲁盆地早白垩世孢粉组合

自1987年辽河油田分公司在内蒙古自治区开鲁盆地钻探第一口钻井——陆参1井开始,至今已完成各类钻井150余口,对20余口探井1500余块样品进行了分析后,获得了大量保存精美的孢粉化石,积累了丰富的第一手资料。文中通过对近20年地层古生物资料的系统整理和研究,建立了3个早白垩世孢粉组合,自下而上为九佛堂组Cicatricosisporites-Concavissimisporites-Classopollis组合、沙海组Cicatricosisporites-Abdiverrucospora-Piceaepollenites组合、以及阜新组Cicatricosisporites-Laevigatosporites-Pilosisporites-Asteropollis组合,叙述了组合特征,并与国内外孢粉组合进行对比,确立了本区早白垩世生物地层层序及地质时代。     

甘肃灵台小石沟晚中新世—上新世小哺乳动物生物地层

根据发现的大量小哺乳动物化石,将甘肃灵台小石沟７２０７４（４）地点剖面划分出４个生物地层带,Ⅰ带与榆社马会组化石组合相当,为中新世晚期;Ⅱ带、Ⅲ带及Ⅳ带代表中国上新世较为完整的小哺乳动物生物地层层序。     

南京龙潭正盘山剖面二叠系孤峰组与栖霞组之交牙形类化石再研究

全球二叠系瓜德鲁普统(中二叠统)底界以牙形类Jinogondolellanankingensis的首现为标志,“金钉子”层型被定义在美国得克萨斯州瓜德鲁普山国家公园的Stratotype Canyon剖面。然而, J. nankingensis的模式标本和标准产地以及国际年代地层表中瓜德鲁普统底界的高精度绝对年龄均来自南京龙潭正盘山剖面孤峰组的底部。因此,正盘山剖面实际上已经成为全球瓜德鲁普统底界的对比标准,然而该剖面孤峰组和栖霞组上部的牙形类化石序列至今没有系统研究。本文基于新获得的牙形类化石和前人已经描述的标本,在该剖面栖霞组顶部至孤峰组中部共识别出5属9种,并将此段地层划分为了3个牙形类化石带,由下至上依次为:栖霞组顶部的Sweetognathus subsymmetricus–Pseudosweetognathuscostatus组合带,孤峰组中下部的Jinogondolellanankingensis带和J.cf.aserrata带。新的牙形类生物地层研究结果表明正盘山剖面瓜德鲁普统罗德阶底界应位于孤峰组底部,孤峰组下部属于罗德阶,中部属于沃德阶,罗德阶与沃德阶的界线位置由于...     

甘肃灵台小石沟晚中新世─上新世 小哺乳动物生物地层

根据发现的大量小哺乳动物化石,将甘肃灵台小石沟７２０７４（４）地点剖面划分出４个生物地层带。Ｉ带与榆社马会组化石组合相当,为中新世晚期;Ⅱ带、Ⅲ带及Ⅳ带代表中国上新世较为完整的小哺乳动物生物地层层序。     

华中西南区一条国际前寒武系与寒武系界线层型补充剖面

1992年,全球前寒武系与寒武系界线层型剖面和层型点确定在加拿大纽芬兰东南幸运角剖面,并以遗迹化石带Trichophycus pedium的底作为前寒武系与寒武系的分界点。但是,幸运角剖面主要是以硅质碎屑岩相为主,难以与含有丰富小壳化石和具有可对比的稳定同位素资料的碳酸盐相界线剖面进行对比。为此,提出我国云南会泽大海附近的一条以碳酸盐相为主的剖面作为全球前寒武系与寒武系界线层型剖面的补充剖面。理由是（1）在大海剖面上,震旦系灯影组白岩哨段、待补段和下寒武统牛家菁组的中谊村段,大海段之间为整合接触;（2）早寒武世早期地层单元含有丰富的小壳化石并且可划分出4个小壳化石组合带;（3）利用碳同位素资料可以将大海剖面与许多其它剖面相当地层对比;（4）著名的梅树村剖面离大海剖面不远,它们均含有丰富的小壳化石和遗迹化石,两者易于对比。文章进一步认为寒武系的下界放在第I小壳化石组合带（Anabarites trisulcatus-Protohertzina anabarica）的底,相当于大海剖面11层的底。     

海南岛昌江地区石炭纪牙形刺化石

海南岛昌江地区前人所称南好组第四段及第三段分别发现的牙形刺Siphonodella isosticha-S.cooperi组合及Mesogondolella clarki组合,表明该组包括了早石炭早期及晚石炭世早中期,而不是传统的认为的属早石炭世并可能包括中－晚泥盆世,同时还证实原南好组第三段层位远远高于第四段,而不是位于其下,从而纠正了前人长期沿用的该地区石炭系层序的错误,并指出昌江地区石炭纪牙形刺属华南古生物地理系。     

广西凤山、西林等地中三叠统上部双壳类分带研究*

讨论广西西部中三叠统上部的双壳类生物地层序列,建立5个化石带;并附述黔南和滇东南晚三叠世1个双壳类带.这些带自下而上为:(1) Daonella (Longidaonella) producta-D. americana 带,属晚安尼早中期;(2) D. moussoni 高峰带,属晚安尼晚期;(3) D. rieberi-D. indica 带,属早拉丁期;(4) D. kotoi-D. jilongensis 带,属晚拉丁早期;(5) Halobia subcomata-D. varifurcata带,属晚拉丁晚期;(6) H. rugosoides-H. bifurcata 带,属早卡尼期.文内简要描述了各带的主要标志化石23种.     

塔里木盆地中央隆起区下志留统柯坪塔格组划分对比及分布规律

本文总结了塔里木盆地西北缘露头剖面和典型钻井(草1井与托甫2井)剖面柯坪塔格组岩电及生物特征,并在此基础上对中央隆起区32口主要钻井的柯坪塔格组进行连井地层划分对比及地震剖面标定追踪。结合对等T0图分析,探讨了研究区柯坪塔格组三段分布规律。研究表明,柯坪塔格组上段分布最广,除麻扎塔格-塘参1-顺南地区以南没有发育外,其余地区均有发育,地层厚度一般在100—300m不等,在顺托果勒地区及方1井区以北分布厚度最大,超过了300m。柯坪塔格组上段总体分布表现出南薄北厚、东西分布不均的特点。柯坪塔格组中段与柯坪塔格组下段分布局限,仅在和4-顺西1-顺南3-塔中32井以北地区有发育。柯坪塔格组中段厚度一般只有40—60m,柯坪塔格组下段厚度一般为200—300m,两者厚度均表现出南薄北厚的分布特点。     

Age and stratigraphic reassessment of the fossil-bearing Laguna Umayo red mudstone unit, SE Peru, from regional stratigraphy, fossil record, and paleomagnetism

The thick red mudstone unit that crops out at Laguna Umayo (Puno department, southern Peru), here referred as LURMU, has yielded in different levels a fossil assemblage with plants and vertebrates (including mammals). On the basis of charophytes, the unit was initially assigned to the Vilquechico Formation (Maastrichtian-Danian), of regional extension, and the dinosaurian structure of egg fragments was interpreted as consistent with that age. Revision of the regional stratigraphy leads to reassignment of this unit to the Lower Muñani Formation (Early Tertiary). Mammals from the LU-3 and Chulpas levels present affinities with forms from the Upper Paleocene of South America (Patagonia, Brazil). A bunodont marsupial, Chulpasia, is evidence for chronologic proximity to a transantarctic interchange with Australia at the end of the Paleocene. Furthermore, magnetostratigraphy of the LURMU reveals a single reverse polarity zone of 300 m thickness. Because of the new stratigraphic and paleomammalogic data, this long reverse polarity zone is likely correlative to Chron 26r (early Late Paleocene) or Chron 24r (latest Paleocene-earliest Eocene), or, less likely, to Chron 29r (latest Cretaceous-earliest Paleocene). The arguments previously invoked in favor of a Cretaceous age (charophytes, dinosaurian eggs) are critically evaluated, and correlation to Chron 24r is favored.     

四川盆地自流井组东岳庙段植物化石及下-中侏罗统的界线

对采自四川盆地云阳一带自流井组东岳庙段14属18种植物化石进行了研究,其中描述1个新种Stachypteris? anomala Meng(sp．nov.)和1个首见于区内的种Klukia exilis(Phillips)。东岳庙段植物组合的重要分子是从下伏珍珠冲段延续而来的,这表明此组合基本承袭了珍珠冲段的组合面貌。依据Dictyophyllum nilssoni,D．nathorsti,Otozamites hsiangchiensis等尚未见于中侏罗世和自流井组明显分为两大沉积旋回,指出东岳庙段的时代属早侏罗世托尔期(Toarcian)和四川盆地下-中侏罗统的界线以划在自流井组东岳庙段与马鞍山段之间为宜。     

Discovery of the Jehol Biota from the Celaomiao region and discussion of the Lower Cretaceous of the Bayingebi Basin,northwestern China

Some typical components of the Jehol Biota, including conchostracans Eosestheria sp., the mayfly Ephemeropsis trisetalis Eichwald, 1864, the aquatic beetle Coptoclava longipoda Ping, 1928, and a fragmentary dragonfly, are reported for the first time from the Bayingebi Formation in the Celaomiao region, western Inner Mongolia, China. This discovery indicates that the middle Upper Member of Bayingebi Formation can be correlated with the upper Yixian and the lower Jiufotang formations in western Liaoning Province. Combining it with the radio-isotopic dating result, we further believed that the Upper Member of Bayingebi Formation could be roughly correlated with the Yixian, Jiufotang, and Shahai formations, and the overlying Suhongtu Formation with the Fuxin Formation in western Liaoning Province.In the major Bayingebi Basin, palaeontological and radio-isotopic dating evidence shows that the Bayingebi Formation has a long depositional history of over 30 Ma: its Upper Member bearing the Jehol Biota and the early Fuxin Biota is probably coeval to the Yixian, Jiufotang and Shahai formations and has a Barremian–early Albian age; its Lower Member may be Berriasian–Hauterivian in age and could be correlated with the upper Tuchengzi, Zhangjiakou, and Dabeigou formations in northern Hebei Province. This suggests that the Bayingebi Formation should be promoted to the stratigraphic rank of group and subdivided into several secondary units (formations). Unlike the previous result, the Yingen Formation is considered across the Lower Cretaceous–Upper Cretaceous boundary and being late Albian–early Turonian in age.     

Harnessing stratigraphic bias at the section scale: conodont diversity in the Homerian (Silurian) of the Midland Platform,England

Fossil abundance and diversity in geological successions are subject to bias arising from shifting depositional and diagenetic environments, resulting in variable rates of fossil accumulation and preservation. In simulations, this bias can be constrained based on sequence‐stratigraphic architecture. Nonetheless, a practical quantitative method of incorporating the contribution of sequence‐stratigraphic architecture in community palaeoecology and diversity analyses derived from individual successions is missing. As a model of faunal turnover affected by the stratigraphic bias, we use the ‘Mulde event’, a postulated mid‐Silurian interval of elevated conodont turnover, which coincides with global eustatic sea‐level changes and which has been based on regionally constrained observations. We test whether conodont turnover is highest at the boundary corresponding to the ‘event’ and post‐‘event’ interval against the alternative that conodont turnover reflects habitat tracking and peaks at facies shifts. Based on the previously documented, parasequence‐level stratigraphic framework of sections in the northern and central part of the Midland Platform, the relative controls of sequence‐stratigraphic architecture, time and depositional environment over conodont distribution are evaluated using permutational multivariate analysis of variance. The depositional environment controls the largest part of variability in conodont assemblage composition, whereas the postulated ‘Mulde event’, or genuine temporal change in conodont diversity, cannot be detected. Depending on the binning of the stratigraphic succession, contrasting diversity and turnover patterns can be produced. The simple approach proposed here, emulating partitioning of β diversity into spatial and temporal components, may help to constrain the stratigraphic bias, even at the scale of an individual section.     

松辽盆地上白垩统嫩江组一段介形类生物地层研究

在对杏104井,杏1—丁3—检323井和塔3井等3口优选井的介形类化石鉴定的基础上,通过对3口优选井涉及研究层位的87块介形类化石样品进行统计分析和编制介形类主要种的地层分布延限图、开展介形类生物地层学研究,建立松辽盆地晚白垩世嫩江组一段介形类化石带7个,包括新建介形类化石带1个,修订介形类化石带1个,并详细描述这7个介形类化石带。     

A new crocodylomorph tooth assemblage from the Tataouine Basin and comments on the stratigraphic context of the Douiret Formation

A new crocodylomorph tooth assemblage from the Lower Member of the Douiret Formation (uppermost Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous) in southeastern Tunisia is described. These teeth have been grouped into five morphotypes based on their diagnostic morphological features. The sample includes teeth, which have not been reported until now, such as non-Machimosaurini teleosauroid teeth, and labiolingually compressed tooth crowns with cutting edges devoid of serrations. Certain minor morphometric differences have been interpreted as ontogenetic or being possibly related to the position of the teeth in the jaws. Three trophic entities have subsequently been defined on the basis of the morphological characteristics of the teeth, and a possible niche partitioning between at least three crocodylomorph taxa is highlighted for the first time in the Tataouine Basin. On the other hand, the stratigraphic context of the Douiret Formation is thoroughly discussed in order to show how stratigraphic uncertainties could significantly impact previous attempts at reconstructing the macroevolutionary history of Crocodylomorpha. The latter should be treated with caution when the stratigraphic context of the fossil bearing formation remains a subject of debate.     

Magnetostratigraphy and sedimentologically derived geochronology of the Quaternary lacustrine deposits of a 3000 m thick sequence in the central Qaidam basin, western China

The Qaidam basin is a large basin in western China where the thickness of Quaternary deposits has a range of 2000–3000 m at its subsiding depocentre. This study investigated the chronology of the Quaternary deposits, including palaeomagnetics, biostratigraphic correlation, rates of sediment accumulation, seismic reflection surveys and electrical property correlations. The results give a full interpretation of ages for the sequence from bottom to top. The oldest sequence age was defined by the first appearance of Microlimnocythere sinensis Huang, and was placed in the Gauss Epoch, estimated at approximately 3 Ma by extrapolation of accumulation rates. The M/G boundary occurs at the base of the third fossil zone of Ostracoda (the first appearance of Qinghaicypris crassa Huang), or at the marker layer K₁₀ of the electrical log in the Sebei anticline area, considered here to be 2.48 Ma. The Olduvai event in the fifth fossil zone, spanning electrical layers K₄ and K₃ in the Sebei area, occurs at reflection layer T₀⁻¹ of seismic stratigraphy which could be stratigraphically correlated in the whole basin. The boundary of Early/Middle Pleistocene such as the Brunhes and Matsuyama (B/M) boundary, falls within the eighth fossil zone and coincides with electrical marker K₀¹. Two boundaries corresponding to Middle/Late Pleistocene and Pleistocene/Holocene occur at the bases of the 11th and 12th biozones respectively, neither of which can be correlated with seismic stratigraphy and electrical logs in the basin due to the lack of widely distributed lacustrine deposits since the Middle Pleistocene. The ages of the boundaries can be tested by deposition rates of different facies derived from the varves and synchronous deposits. As a result, geochronological sequences of subsurface stratigraphy could be established within a basin-wide area on the synchronology of seismic reflectors and correlations of electrical logs as well as biozones.