云南鹰爪属植物增补

云南的鹰爪属植物,据文献记载,有鹰爪花Artabotrys hexapetalus(L.f.)Bhan-dri(1964),香港鹰爪花A.hongkongensis Hance(1870)二种,我们在编写云南志中发现越南产的香鹰爪A.fragrans Ast in Humbert Suppl.Fl.Indo-Chine Ⅰ:83(1938)Fig.7.1—7,在云南也有分布(景洪,海拔1000米,云南队9774;车里(景洪),王启无78634),为我国新记录,此外尚有点叶鹰爪A.punctulatus C.Y.Wu和喙果     

中国番荔枝科植物三新异名

报道了3个新异名,即西藏暗罗Polyalthia chinensis S．K．Wu ＆ P．T．Li、Enicosanthellum plagioneurum var．oblanceolatum Ban和桂南瓜馥木Fissistigma guinanense Y．Wan,分别并入疣叶暗罗P.verrucipes C．Y．Wu ex P．T．Li、云桂暗罗P.petelotii Merr．和凹叶瓜馥木Fissistigma retusum（Lev1．）Rehd．。     

四种番荔枝科(Annonaceae)植物导管分子及其穿孔板的比较观察

番荔枝科是被子植物基部类群,木兰目中最大的一个科。为了解暗罗属(Polyalthia)的海南暗罗(Polyalthia laui)、假鹰爪属(Desmos)的假鹰爪(Desmos chinensis)、紫玉盘属(Uvaria)的山椒子(Uvaria grandiflora)、瓜馥木属Fissistigma)的瓜馥木(Fissistigma oldhamii)四个种的导管与穿孔板的形态学特征,该研究利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其导管分子及穿孔板形态进行观察,首次展示了这4属4种的导管分子与穿孔板的形态特征,并对其导管的长度与直径进行了分析与比较。结果表明:这四个种导管分子端壁均为单穿孔板,部分穿孔板具尾,不同种在导管与穿孔板形态上具有明显的差异;长度与直径的统计学分析显示其种间差异极显著,导管长度与直径的相关性分析显示其没有相关性。综合导管的形态学特征与统计学分析结果,该研究认为在这四个种中,假鹰爪的导管分子直径与长度变化幅度都不大,长度较短,直径最大,穿孔板平截,不具尾或具小尾,其导管分子处于较高的演化水平。     

中国瓜馥木属(番荔枝科)一新记录种

报道了中国番荔枝科瓜馥木属(Annonaceae:Fissistigma)一新记录种——瘤果瓜馥木[F.thorelii(Pierre ex FinetGagnep.)Merr.]。该种在中国产于云南省红河县,凭证标本保存在西双版纳热带植物园标本馆(HITBC)。该种的主要特征是幼枝、花、果均被褐色粗短硬毛,且果实表面布满瘤状突起。     

上思瓜馥木精油的化学成分

上思瓜馥木(Fissistigma shantzeense Tsiang et P. T. Li)系番荔枝科瓜馥木属植物,分布于广西和云南西南部,鲜花具有浓郁的香气。为开发利用这一香料资源提供依据,我们对其化学成分进行了分析。     

值得注意的中国植物(续)

续报道了大戟科等 8个分类单位。大果留萼木 ( Blachia andamanica)为广东和海南的新记录 ;崖州留萼木 ( B.jatrophifolia)的新异名为 B.yaihsienensis;黄毛果巴豆 ( Croton lachynocarpusvar.kwangsiensis)是降级新组合 ;黄蓉花 ( Dalechampia bidentata)分布至云南西南部 ,D. bidentata var. yunnanensis为其新异名 ;海人树 ( Suriana maritima) ,广东省的东沙群岛才有 ,台湾不产 ;锥序丁公藤 ( Erycibe subspicata)其分布东缘在贵州西南部 ;头花小牵牛 ( Jacquemontia tamnifolia) ,广东的归化杂草 ;松下草 ( Petrosavissinii) ,广东新记录     

广东楝科植物分类的初步研究

本文是对广东楝科植物种类的初步整理、研究,记载了16属33种7交种,包括本省产的13属27种7变种和外来引种的3属6种。其中有1个新变种(封开地黄连Munronia hainanensis How et T. Chen var. microphyllina X. M. Chen),3个新组合(曾椤Amoora tsangii (Merr.) X. M. Chen, 雷楝Reinwardtiodendron dubium (Merr.) X. M. Chen, 毛香椿Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. J. Roem. var. schensiana (C. DC.) X. M. Chen), 3个分布新记录[雷楝属Reinwardtiodendron (我国新记录),鹧鸪花Trichilia connaroides (W. et A.) Bentv. var. connaroides(广东新记录),海南(木坚)木Dysoxylvm hainanense Merr. var. hainanense(广东大陆新记录)].     

中国瓜馥木属(番荔枝科)一新记录

在对中国科学院植物研究所、华南植物研究所、昆明植物研究所、西双版纳热带植物园以及中山大学、西南林学院等地标本馆番荔枝科Annonaceae标本研究的基础上,笔者又详细研究了阔叶瓜馥木Fissistigma chloroneurum (Hand._Mazz.) Tsiang的模式照片(IBSC)和李秉滔(1965)引证为阔叶瓜馥木的张宏达1097、毛品一3915和5295、王孝等100017、高锡朋55422、陈少卿12648和156、曾怀德26659等标本,后又在网上查阅了纽约植物园标本馆F. petelotii Merr.的模式,认为毛品一3915、5295是F. petelotii Merr.在中国的新分布,现予以报道,并作了果的拉丁文补充描述.     

中国瓜馥木属植物叶片结构的解剖观察

采用叶片表皮离析法、扫描电镜和石蜡制片法,研究了中国分布的番荔枝科瓜馥木属19种植物叶片的形态结构。结果表明:瓜馥木属叶片形态和结构具有较多的相似性,如叶片表皮均具有2-多个细胞的单列丝状毛,表皮细胞内具有一个晶簇,气孔器均为平列型,只分布在叶片的远轴面,远轴面的表皮细胞平周壁形成一个乳突,叶片主脉的维管组织除具有正常的维管组织外,还具有一个小的副维管束等,这些特征有助于区分番荔枝科植物的属间关系,支持瓜馥木属是一个很自然的类群。但叶片表皮毛的形态及分布,表皮细胞的形状、叶肉中栅栏组织和海绵组织的结构、远轴面的乳突大小以及叶主脉维管组织的细微结构则具有种间差异。尤其有助于区分小萼瓜馥木和黑风藤、广西瓜馥木和独山瓜馥木、上思瓜馥木和东方瓜馥木等形态相似、难以区分的植物种类。该研究结果为该属的系统研究和种间正确区分提供了重要资料。     

值得注意的中国植物(续二)

继续报道了大戟科等10个分类单位:发表了防城巴豆(Crotonhanceivar.tsoiH.S.Kiu)和七星毛桐(Mallotusbarbatusvar.wuiH.S.Kiu)两个新变种;补充了合柱金莲木(Siniarhodoleuca)广东的标本;柳叶钝果寄生(Taxillusdelavayi)广西及贵州的标本;香港巴豆(Crotonhancei)的标本;小黄珠子草(Phyllanthuswilfordii)的标本;茎花守宫木(Sauropusbonii)为海南新记录;山麻杆(Alchorneadavidii)为广东新记录;分布于广东、广西、香港、云南的卵叶石岩枫(Mallotusrepandusvar.scabrifolius)的代表性标本;论述了毛果巴豆(CrotonlachnocarpusBenth.)为中国特有种。     

南渡江上游海南半鲿生物学参数估算

为研究海南半鲿(Hemibagrus hainanensis Tchang 1935)种群生物学及资源动态特征, 2019年1—12月于南渡江上游采集358尾海南半鲿,其体长范围为42—289 mm,体质量范围为1.14—282.79 g。利用FiSATⅡ软件中ELEFAN I法估算南渡江上游海南半鲿种群参数,其资源变动趋势则通过Beverton-Holt动态综合模型进行评估。结果显示:von Bertalanffy生长方程所描述的各参数值分别为L∞=304.5 mm、K=0.49、t0=–0.29,体质量的生长拐点为t=1.95,即TL=202.9 mm。利用Pauly经验公式和长度变换渔获曲线法分别估算出:自然死亡系数(M)为1.05,总死亡系数(Z)为1.22,捕捞死亡系数(F)为0.17及资源开发率(E)为0.14,表明其资源未处在过度捕捞状态。研究结果填补了南渡江上游海南半鲿的种群生长特性及动态特征基础资料的空白,为其种群资源恢复和保护策略的制定提供理论依据。     

中国秋海棠属等翅组植物订正

根据海南秋海棠 (BegoniahainanensisChunetF .Chun)、多花秋海棠 (B sinofloribundaL .J.Dorr)及一新种———长柄秋海棠 (B sublongipesY .M .Shui)的特征比较 ,订正了中国秋海棠属等翅组 [Sect Petermannia (Klotzsch)A .DC .],使该组在中国增至 3个种。     

隆脊飞虱属分类并记一新种(同翅目,蜡蝉总科,飞虱科)

记述采于中国海南省的飞虱科隆脊飞虱属一新种:海南隆脊飞虱Carinodelphax hainanensis sp.nov,并对该属的属征进行了修订,编制了目前已知2种的检索表,模式标本保存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆.     

Evaluation of the predatory mite Amblyseius hainanensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and artificial rainfall for the management of Brevipalpus obovatus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)

Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu is an important pest mite on tea plants in South China. In the current study, predatory mites of B. obovatus in the tea gardens of Guangzhou were extensively surveyed. In total, 13 species of predatory mites (four families with seven genera) were recorded. The population proportion of Amblyseius hainanensis Wu et Qian was the highest (68.6?%), followed by that of Anystis baccarum (L.) (8.4?%) and A. theae Wu (6.3?%). The effects of starvation time, habitat size and pest population density on the predatory efficiency of the most dominant species, A. hainanensis, feeding on B. obovatus were assessed. In addition, the effectiveness of artificial rainfall in reducing B. obovatus populations was evaluated. After starvation for 48?h, the predatory efficiency of A. hainanensis was significantly higher than those that had been starved for 24 or 72?h when 30-50 B. obovatus eggs were made available. The predation of A. hainanensis on B. obovatus also increased with increasing prey density. The number of prey attacked by A. hainanensis in a 3.2?cm(2) habitat was significantly higher than in a 6.3?cm(2) habitat. The average predation of A. hainanensis was 31.7 eggs per day when offered 100 B. obovatus eggs on a tea leaf. This decreased to 17.8 eggs per day when four A. hainanensis shared 100 B. obovatus eggs. B. obovatus populations can be reduced by artificial rainfall, with the reduction affected by rainfall intensity. With an intensity of 40?mm in 15?min, 90.2?% mortality of B. obovatus occurred; lower mortalities were recorded (13.3 and 29.8?%) when the intensity was 2 or 4?mm in 15?min. Combination of the predatory mite A. hainanensis and artificial rainfall for the integrated pest management of B. obovatus is discussed.     

极小种群海南假韶子叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的动态变化

探讨海南省极小种群物种海南假韶子(Paranephelium hainanensis)的光合生理特性,以期为该物种的保护和利用提供科学依据。应用Li-COR便携式光合仪和FC1000-H便携式植物荧光成像系统测定海南假韶子的光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数的动态变化。结果表明:海南假韶子成年树和林下幼苗在7月和11月时净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化均呈明显"双峰"曲线,成年树的最大Pn达9.24μmol·m^-2·s^-1,最大Tr为3.34μmol·m^-2·s^-1,其光合能力显著强于幼苗;海南假韶子成年树初始荧光值(F0)在7月和11月最大值分别为323.04和135.87,Fm在7月和11月最大值分别为502.78和307.76,但幼苗的F0和Fm均低于成年树;成年树Fv/Fm在7月呈单谷型,在11月时呈先降后升再降的日变化趋势;相关性分析结果表明,在7月,成年树的Pn与Tr、Fv/Fm呈极显著正相关,幼苗Pn与F0呈极显著正相关;在11月,成年树的Pn与Tr、Fm呈极显著正相关,与Fv/Fm呈显著负相关;幼苗的Pn与Fm呈显著正相关。以上结果表明,海南假韶子为阳性树种,在7月和11月表现出不同的光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数来适应环境,水分可能是引起海南假韶子光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数动态变化的关键因子。     

海南炭角新种

在海南省炭角菌的调查研究中,发现一个生长于枯死落叶上的炭角菌属新种。它子座单个,顶端不孕,针刺状,柄细长,多毛,表面呈灰色,有圆锥状孔口。子囊壳埋生。通过与其他9种叶生炭角菌进行比较,确定为海南炭角菌 Xylaria hainanensis新种。     

云南腾冲上新统植物油丹Alseodaphne hainanensis Merr.表皮微细构造研究

研究的樟科植物化石油丹(Alseodaphne hainanensis Merr.)采于云南腾冲上新统芒棒组,它在滇西地区为首次发现。对其进行了大量的实验分析,揭示了其表皮微细构造特征。通过与现生油丹表皮构造和叶结构特征的对比分析,在宏观和微观两方面证实了该化石归属的正确性。现生Alseodaphne hainanensis Merr.分布范围的缩小显示滇西从上新世—现代气候逐渐变冷,上新世的气候比现在温暖。化石Alseodaphne hainanensis Merr.地理分布区的扩大和地质时代的延伸,为植物的发展演化和推论古气候提供了宝贵材料。     

Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of Glyptothorax fokiensis and Glyptothorax hainanensis in Asia

Whole mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences in 62 fish from 13 locations in Southeast China identified two major clades corresponding to two allopatric taxa, Glyptothorax fokiensis fokiensis and Glyptothorax fokiensis hainanensis . Reciprocal monophyly and a molecular clock separation between these two taxa of 2·3 million years indicate these taxa should be elevated to species. Mismatch distributions and Fu's F _S statistic suggest that both G. fokiensis and G. hainanensis have experienced recent population expansions. Analysis of molecular variance indicates that most of the genetic variation resides among populations within both species, with Φ _ST= 0·645 for G. fokiensis and 0·801 for G. hainanensis , suggesting restricted gene flow among populations. Significant correlations between the geographic and the genetic distances provide support for the importance of geographic isolations between populations. Nested clade analysis also confirms low levels of genetic exchanges between the two major groups and between populations within each group. The phylogeographical pattern among populations of Glyptothorax in East Asia can be attributed to historical fragmentations, demographic expansions and occasional long-distance dispersals stimulated by tectonic activity and Ice Age climate changes.     

Molecular criteria for determining new hybrid species--an application to the Sonneratia hybrids

The possible hybrid origin of new species can usually be corroborated by molecular means. Here, we suggest that the segregation patterns of the molecular markers be further analyzed. A true hybrid species should show the patterns under continuous breeding among its members, at least beyond the F2 generation. We applied the guidelines to the putative hybrid species of Sonneratia, a widespread mangrove genus, and concluded that all the observed hybrids in this genus are simple F1's. Thus, S. x gulngai and S. x hainanensis are not true hybrid species. The segregation patterns of molecular markers should be heeded in interpreting the existence of hybrid species.     

Studies on some new red algae from China (Ⅰ)

The present paper reports four new species of Chinese marine red algae belonging to Ahnfeltiales and Gigartinales. They are Ahnfeltia yinggehaiensis Xia et Zhang, Ahnfeltiopsis guangdongensis Xia et Zhang, Ahnfeltiopsis hainanensis Xia et Zhang, Ahnfeltiopsis masudai Xia et Zhang. Key words Ahnfeltia;A．yinggehaiensis;Ahnfeltiopsis;A．guangdongensis;A．hainanensis;A．masudai;Hainan;Guangdong;New species