肺形侧耳‘杭秀2号’的选育

肺形侧耳‘杭秀2号’以‘台秀57’菌株为亲本采用多孢自交育种技术选育而成。该品种菌丝生长适温26-28℃,子实体生长发育适温22-28℃。菌盖扇形,深灰色,菌盖大小平均为4.38cm×3.65cm;菌柄圆柱形,白色,直径平均为1.06cm。鲜菇蛋白质含量2.94%,氨基酸总量2.54%。示范栽培表明,‘杭秀2号’平均生物学效率为71.2%。低温刺激后,经5-6d可完成一茬菇采收。该品种具有出菇整齐、商品性好等优良性状,适于设施栽培。     

斑玉蕈‘闽真5号’的选育报告

斑玉蕈‘闽真5号’品种系以‘闽真3号’与‘白玉-01’作为亲本,通过原生质体单核化杂交育种技术选育获得。该品种菌盖白色,呈半球形,表面斑纹少而小。鲜菇蛋白质含量2.1%,氨基酸总量1.43%。示范栽培表明,‘闽真5号’菌丝最适培养温度20-27 ℃,子实体生长发育温度12-17 ℃,袋栽菌包培养周期为110 d,出菇周期为28 d,平均单袋产量635.17 g/袋。该品种具有栽培周期短、产量高、商品性状好等优良性状,适用于袋栽工厂化周年栽培。     

中国美味蘑菇‘申美1号’的选育

中国美味蘑菇Agaricus sinodeliciosus‘申美1号’品种是野生种人工驯化、选育而来。经过多年的示范栽培表明：‘申美1号’具有中温生长（菌丝生长23℃,出菇16-18℃）,产量较高（生物学效率50%）,菌龄较短（53d）,菇型圆整,菇质紧实,香味浓郁,遗传稳定性高等优良特性,适宜于中国美味蘑菇菌袋栽培模式,能够满足设施化栽培用种需求。     

猴头菌‘川猴菇1号’的选育

猴头菌新品种‘川猴菇1号’是从黑龙江海林市采集到的野生猴头菌（HT2000）经系统选育而成,适宜四川省凉山州地区及类似生态区域栽培。菌丝生长最适温度为20-25℃,出菇最适温度15-20℃,生育期45-50d,单个子实体130-170g,呈白色至黄白色,中实有弹性,生物转化率85%。     

双孢蘑菇‘福蘑58'的选育报告

双孢蘑菇‘福蘑58'是W2000单孢分离筛选的新品种。菌落形态为贴生型,菌丝在10-32℃下均能生长,最适生长温度24-28℃。结菇温度10-22℃,最适结菇温度14-20℃。子实体单生为主,丛生少,较结实,不易开伞,菌盖扁半球形,表面光滑,颜色较白,直径3.5-5.0cm,高度2.4-2.8cm。在适宜栽培条件下,平均单产比亲本菌株W2000提高10%-15%,鲜菇质量与W2000相当,比W192提升明显,成品菇比例较高,品质优良,适合鲜销市场及罐头加工。该品种可用于周年工厂化、设施化及季节性农法栽培。     

黑木耳‘高原云耳3号’的选育报告

‘高原云耳3号’由采自云南保山大平坦山区的一株野生黑木耳,通过驯化栽培、组织分离等多代自然选育获得。子实体大小中等,耳片中间层厚、腹面和背面易分离;呈浅口圆碗状,有光泽,质地柔软,无耳脉。采用小孔栽培,开口10 d左右现芽,出耳温度10-26 ℃。产量高,抗逆性强,是性状较好的一个中早熟中低温型品种。适宜海拔1 000-2 000 m的低纬高原地区规模化栽培。     

毛木耳‘昊阳黄背2号’的选育报告

毛木耳新品种‘昊阳黄背2号’是以采自什邡市龙泉山的野生毛木耳子实体经系统选育而成,适宜四川省成都市、德阳市等种植毛木耳的区域栽培。菌丝生长最适温度为24-30 ℃,子实体最适生长温度为25-28 ℃。耳片呈耳形或不规则形,子实体丛生;耳片边缘光滑,颜色深红褐色。平均每袋干耳产量为203 g。     

香菇‘豫香2号’的选育报告

‘豫香2号’是从河南省卢氏县伏牛山地区采集的野生香菇子实体,经过多次组织分离和驯化等系统选育而获得的优良品种,适宜河南省中高海拔区域种植。该品种子实体中等,多单生,菌盖圆整、浅褐色,菌柄呈倒圆锥形,产量高,鲜销耐储存。     

黑木耳‘农黑2号'的选育报告

黑木耳新品种‘农黑2号'是以亲本‘木耳黑龙3号'和‘黑耳9号'的单孢进行杂交,从70个杂交组合中选育的新品种。工厂化栽培条件下,‘农黑2号'单潮出菇鲜重平均为336.4g/袋,干重平均为28.5g/袋,流耳率平均为3.8%。‘农黑2号'具有抗杂能力强、流耳率低、单潮产量高等优点,且能够很好地适应工厂化栽培条件。     

木耳‘农黑1号'的选育报告

黑木耳新品种‘农黑1号'是以黑木耳‘Au5'和‘木耳黑龙3号'作为亲本菌株,通过单孢杂交配对选育而来。工厂化条件下的生产性试验结果表明：‘农黑1号'的第一潮平均鲜耳产量达到322.4g/袋,干耳产量平均为29.0g/袋,出耳率平均为93.3%,生产周期平均为71d。综合来看,‘农黑1号'具有产量高、周期短、出耳率高、一致性好等优点,可作为黑木耳工厂化栽培的优良新品种。     

暗褐网柄牛肝菌‘YL1701-2’的选育报告

以野生驯化栽培品种HZ14080和野生菌株HZ16009为亲本,经孢子单核菌丝有性杂交选育获得YL1701-2。其菌丝生长适温25-32 ℃,子实体发育适温25-32 ℃。该品种具有菌柄粗壮、菌盖厚且大、菇肉紧实、出菇早、抗逆能力强、生长周期短、出菇整齐、成品率较高和产量高的优势;具有伤后不变或轻微变色、特有土味淡和商品化程度高的特点。既可袋栽也可瓶栽,但以瓶栽为主。目前该菌株已大量用于生产且已获得专利授权。     

HMGB‐1 induces c‐kit+ cell microvascular rolling and adhesion via both toll‐like receptor‐2 and toll‐like receptor‐4 of endothelial cells

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) is a strong chemo-attractive signal for both inflammatory and stem cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanisms regulating HMGB-1–mediated adhesion and rolling of c-kit⁺ cells and assess whether toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) of endothelial cells or c-kit⁺ cells are implicated in the activation of downstream migration signals to peripheral c-kit⁺ cells. Effects of HMGB-1 on the c-kit⁺ cells/endothelial interaction were evaluated by a cremaster muscle model in wild-type (WT), TLR-2 (−/−) and Tlr4 (LPS-del) mice. The mRNA and protein expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Induction of crucial adhesion molecules for rolling and adhesion of stem cells and leukocytes were monitored in vivo and in vitro. Following local HMGB-1 administration, a significant increase in cell rolling was detected (32.4 ± 7.1% in ‘WT’ versus 9.9 ± 3.2% in ‘control’, P < 0.05). The number of firmly adherent c-kit⁺ cells was more than 13-fold higher than that of the control group (14.6 ± 5.1 cells/mm² in ‘WT’ versus 1.1 ± 1.0 cells/mm² in ‘control’, P < 0.05). In knockout animals, the fraction of rolling cells did not differ significantly from control levels. Firm endothelial adhesion was significantly reduced in TLR-2 (−/−) and Tlr4 (LPS-del) mice compared to WT mice (1.5 ± 1.4 cells/mm² in ‘TLR-2 (−/−)’ and 2.4 ± 1.4 cells/mm² in ‘Tlr4 (LPS-del)’ versus 14.6 ± 5.1 cells/mm² in ‘WT’, P < 0.05). TLR-2 (−/−) and Tlr4 (LPS-del) stem cells in WT mice did not show significant reduction in rolling and adhesion compared to WT cells. HMGB-1 mediates c-kit⁺ cell recruitment via endothelial TLR-2 and TLR-4.     

Maternal malaria, birth size and blood pressure in Nigerian newborns: insights into the developmental origins of hypertension from the Ibadan growth cohort

Background

Hypertension is an increasing health issue in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria remains common in pregnancy. We established a birth cohort in Nigeria to evaluate the early impact of maternal malaria on newborn blood pressure (BP).

Methods

Anthropometric measurements, BP, blood films for malaria parasites and haematocrit were obtained in 436 mother-baby pairs. Women were grouped to distinguish between the timing of malaria parasitaemia as ‘No Malaria’, ‘Malaria during pregnancy only’ or ‘Malaria at delivery’, and parasite density as low (<1000 parasites/µl of blood) and high (≥1000/µl).

Results

Prevalence of maternal malaria parasitaemia was 48%, associated with younger maternal age (p<0.001), being primigravid (p = 0.022), lower haematocrit (p = 0.028). High parasite density through pregnancy had the largest effect on mean birth indices so that weight, length, head and mid-upper arm circumferences were smaller by 300 g, 1.1 cm, 0.7 cm and 0.4 cm respectively compared with ‘No malaria’ (all p≤0.005). In babies of mothers who had ‘malaria at delivery’, their SBPs adjusted for other confounders were lower respectively by 4.3 and 5.7 mmHg/kg compared with ‘malaria during pregnancy only’ or ‘none’. In contrast the mean newborn systolic (SBP) and diastolic BPs (DBP) adjusted for birth weight were higher by 1.7 and 1.4 mmHg/kg respectively in babies whose mothers had high compared with low parasitaemia.

Conclusions

As expected, prenatal malarial exposure had a significant impact on fetal growth rates. Malaria at delivery was associated with the lowest newborn BPs while malaria through pregnancy, which may attenuate growth of the vascular network, generated higher newborn BPs adjusted for size. These neonatal findings have potential implications for cardiovascular health in sub-Saharan Africa.