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1.
The lignocellulosic crop Miscanthus spp. has been identified as a good candidate for biomass production. The
responses of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. to salinity were studied to satisfy the needs for high yields in marginal
areas and to avoid competition with food production. The results indicated that the relative advantages of the
tolerant accession over the sensitive one under saline conditions were associated with restricted Na+ accumulation
in shoots. Seedlings of two accessions (salt-tolerant ‘JM0119’ and salt-sensitive ‘JM0099’) were subjected to 0
(control), 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl stress to better understand the salt-induced biochemical responses of genes
involved in Na+ accumulation in M. sinensis. The adaptation responses of genes encoding for Na+
/H+ antiporters,
NHX1 and SOS1 to NaCl stress were examined in JM0119 and JM0099.The cDNA sequences of genes examined
were highly conserved among the relatives of M. sinensis based on the sequencing on approximate 600 bp-long
cDNA fragments obtained from degenerate PCR. These salt-induced variations of gene expression investigated by
quantitative real-time PCR provided evidences for insights of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in
M. sinensis. The expression of NHX1 was up-regulated by salt stress in JM0119 shoot and root tissues. However,
it was hardly affected in JM0099 shoot tissue except for a significant increase at the 100 mM salt treatment, and it
was salt-suppressed in the JM0099 root tissue. In the root tissue, the expression of SOS1 was induced by the high
salt treatment in JM0119 but repressed by all salt treatments in JM0099. Thus, the remarkably higher expression
of NHX1 and SOS1 were associated with the resistance to Na+ toxicity by regulation of the Na+ influx, efflux, and
sequestration under different salt conditions. 相似文献
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Songbei Ying Sasa Jing Leheng Cheng Haiqing Sun Yuan Tian Lulu Zhi Ping Li 《Phyton》2022,91(9):1893-1904
Allantoin as the metabolite of purine catabolism can store and remobilize nitrogen for plant growth and development. However, emerging evidence suggests it also contributes to plant tolerance to stress response through altering abscisic acid (ABA) and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. 1-CYS PEROXIREDOXIN (PER1) is a seed-specific antioxidant that enhances seed longevity through scavenging ROS over-accumulation. High temperature (HT) suppresses seed germination and induces seed secondary dormancy, called as seed germination thermoinhibition. However, the mechanism that allantoin and PER1 regulate seed germination thermoinhibition remains unknown. In this study, we reported that allantoin treatment enhances seed germination under HT stress. Consistently, the aln mutants displayed higher seed germination, as well as more accumulation of endogenous allantoin, than that of wild-type control. Further biochemical and genetic analyses showed that allantoin reduces ABA content under HT, and allantoin targets PER1 to efficiently scavenge HT-induced ROS accumulation, meanwhile, the function of allantoin requires PER1 during seed gemination thermotolerance. Collectively, our finding proposes a novel function of allantoin in enhancing seed germination tolerance to HT, and uncovers the underlying mechanism by which allantoin regulates seed germination through altering ABA metabolism and PER1-mediated ROS level under HT stress. 相似文献
4.
Aconitum vilmorinianum, a well-known traditional Chinese herb, is recently being threatened by overexploitation
and environment disturbance. This study was conducted to provide propagation methods through in vitro germination and explant cultivation. Germination was stimulated up to 66.00% on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.1 mg L−1 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 30 g L−1
sucrose. Three bacteria (Pantoea agglomerans, Erwinia persicina, and Pseudomonas tolaasii) would be responsible
for consistent contamination during germination. The latter two were effectively eradicated after disinfected. The
influence of explant types and hormone combinations on direct and indirect organogenesis was evaluated in the
present work. The frequency of shoot induction from axillary bud explants was 100% on the MS fortified with
2.0 mg L−1 BAP and 0.3 mg L−1 NAA. Shoots multiplication was optimized on MS medium supplemented with
0.1 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.1 mg L−1 NAA. High callus induction percentage (96.67%) was obtained
from stem segments on MS medium with 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D, then successfully regenerated into shoots on MS medium in the presence of 0.1 mg L−1 TDZ and 0.2 mg L−1 NAA. The present work could be useful for the utilization
and conservation of this valuable species. 相似文献
5.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) are likely to have dramatic
impacts on plant performances, yet the effects of CeO2NPs on seed germination
and seedling growth have not been fully explored. In this study, the seed germination and seedling growth of subshrub species Vitex negundo under different
concentrations of CeO2NPs (low-1 mg/L, medium-100 mg/L, high-500 mg/L)
have been discussed. Results showed that: (1) The seed germination rate reduces
by 11.25% and 2.5% under the low and medium concentrations of CeO2NPs,
respectively, but increased by 7.08% under the high concentration; (2) CeO2NPs
had significant effects on the growth traits (root length, shoot height and biomass)
of seedlings, being the highest under the medium concentration and the lowest
under the highest concentration; (3) The superoxide dismutase activity was the
maximum (355.91 U/g), but the protein concentration was the minimum
(3.85 ug/mL) under the high concentration of CeO2NPs. Our results indicated that
the effects of CeO2NPs on seed germination and seedling growth are concentrationdependency, i.e., low and medium concentrations inhibited while high concentration promoted seed germination, however, seedling growth showed opposite
responses. Therefore, appropriate CeO2NPs concentrations are beneficial to
the seed germination and seedling growth of Vitex negundo and improve the
physiological performance of seedlings and enhance their adaptability to
environmental adversity. 相似文献
6.
Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced. At present, the control of P. nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods, with considerable environmental and
health issues. We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) and Magnolia officinalis (MO). On mycelial growth, sporangium formation, and zoospore release of P. nicotianae. Both
extracts inhibited the growth of P. nicotianae, with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92% and 93.92%, respectively, at 40 mg/mL, and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL, respectively. The underlying mechanisms were the
inhibition of sporangium formation, the reduction of zoospore number, and the destruction of the mycelium
structure. At an SBG extract concentration of 16.17 mg/mL, the inhibition rates for sporangia and zoospores were
98.66% and 99.39%, respectively. At an MO extract concentration of 2.87 mg/mL, the production of sporangia
and zoospores was completely inhibited. The hyphae treated with the two plant extracts showed different degrees
of deformation and damage. Hyphae treated with SBG extract showed adhesion and local swelling, whereas treatment with MO extract resulted in broken hyphae. Mixture of the extracts resulted in a good synergistic effect. 相似文献
7.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), when exposed to abiotic stress such as salinity, suffers significant losses in yield and
productivity. The present study evaluated the salinity tolerance of 12 alfalfa cultivars in vitro using five concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), ranging from 0 to 250 mmol L−1
. The results obtained in the current study
revealed that the Saudi cultivars, Kasimi and Hassawi, and the German cultivar (Berlin) had the highest salinity
tolerance in terms of germination percentage (GP), corrected germination rate index (CGRI), days to reach 50%
germination (GT50), and ability to form cotyledonary and true leaves. Under mmol L−1 NaCl, the Saudi cultivar
Kasimi cultivar showed GP, CGRI, and GT50 of 55.20%, 123.15, and 3.77 days, respectively. Similarly, the German
cultivar (Berlin) showed GP, CGRI, and GT50 of 50.06%, 86.61, and 5.17 days, respectively. These findings might
reveal a pivotal aspect in salt tolerance in alfalfa. Our results will help to select salt-tolerant alfalfa cultivars that
could thrive in arid and semi-arid areas with salinity problems. 相似文献
8.
Pinus elliottii is an exotic afforestation pine extensively distributed in
southern parts of China. In order to understand whether endophytic fungi can
affect seedling growth of P. elliottii, Piriformospora indica (Pi), Funnelifcrmis
mosseae (Fm), and Diversispora tortuosa (Dt) were inoculated respectively,
and the non-inoculated group was set as control. The growth indexes, the contents
of soluble sugar and soluble protein, and plant endogenous hormone levels in the
leaves of P. elliottii, were analyzed. The results showed that Fm, Dt and Pi colonized
the P. elliottii roots to form mycorrhizal structure and chlamydospores
arranged in beads respectively. Three fungal inoculants exhibited the stimulated
growth responses, whilst Dt illustrated the most positive effect on plant height, single
fresh weight, trunk diameter and root system structure, compared with the control.
On the other hand, the soluble sugar and soluble protein contents were
increased distinctively in mycorrhizal plants. The endogenous IAA, GA3, ZR contents
were increased, while the ABA contents were reduced in mycorrhizal plants
versus non-mycorrhizal plants. The fungi-induced endogenous hormone changes
triggered plant growth improvement of P. elliottii seedlings. This research unraveled
the positive effect of AM fungi and P. indica on growth of pine seedlings, while,
more application of endophytic fungi to fields needs to be explored. 相似文献
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Jingsen Liu Jinqi Ma Ai Lin Chao Zhang Bo Yang Liyuan Zhang Lin Huang Jiana Li 《Phyton》2020,89(2):253-273
Invertase (INV), a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism, irreversibly catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose, thus playing important
roles in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this
study, we identified 27 members of the BnaINV family in Brassica napus. We
constructed a phylogenetic tree of the family and predicted the gene structures,
conserved motifs, cis-acting elements in promoters, physicochemical properties
of encoded proteins, and chromosomal distribution of the BnaINVs. We also analyzed the expression of the BnaINVs in different tissues and developmental stages
in the B. napus cultivar Zhongshuang 11 using qRT-PCR. In addition, we analyzed RNA-sequencing data to explore the expression patterns of the BnaINVs
in four cultivars with different harvest indices and in plants inoculated with the
pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. We used WGCNA (weighted coexpression network analysis) to uncover BnaINVregulatory networks. Finally,
we explored the expression patterns of several BnaINV genes in cultivars with
long (Zhongshuang 4) and short (Ningyou 12) siliques. Our results suggest that
BnaINVs play important roles in the growth and development of rapeseed siliques
and the defense response against pathogens. Our findings could facilitate the
breeding of high-yielding B. napus cultivars with strong disease resistance. 相似文献
11.
Gibberellic acid controlled the key developmental processes of the life cycle of landing plants, and regulated the growth and development of plants. In this study, a novel gibberellin receptor gene EuGID1 was obtained from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. The cDNA of EuGID1 was 1556 bp, and the open reading frame was 1029 bp, which encoded 343 amino acids. EuGID1 had the homology sequence with the hormone-sensitive lipase family. Amino acid sequence alignment confirmed EuGID1 protein had the highest homology with the GID1 protein of Manihot esculenta. EuGID1 was located in the nucleus and cell membrane and had expression in four plant organs. Overexpression of EuGID1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants promoted plant elongation and increased siliques yield. 相似文献
12.
Elizabeth Carrillo-Flores Jonanci Arreola-Rivera Denní Mariana Pazos-Solís Moisés Bocanegra-Mondragón Grisel Fierro-Romero Ma. Elena Mellado-Rojas Elda Beltrán-Peña 《Phyton》2022,91(11):2383-2401
The potential of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been demonstrated in the case of plant inoculation with bacteria of the genus Azospirillum which improves yield. A. brasilense produces a wide variety of molecules, including the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), as well as other phytoregulators. However, several studies have suggested that auxin induces changes in plant development during their interaction with the bacteria. The effects of A. brasilense Sp245 on the development of Arabidopsis thaliana root were investigated to help explain the molecular basis of the interaction. The results obtained showed a decrease in primary root length from the first day and remained so throughout the exposure, accompanied by a stimulation of initiation and maturation of lateral root primordia and an increase of lateral roots. An enhanced auxin response was evident in the vascular tissue and lateral root meristems of inoculated plants. However, after five days of bacterization, the response disappeared in the primary root meristems. The role of polar auxin transport (PAT) in auxins relocation involved the PGP1, AXR4-1, and BEN2 proteins, which apparently mediated A. brasilense-induced root branching of Arabidopsis seedlings. 相似文献
13.
Jing Qu Shuang Liu Peng Jiao Zhenzhong Jiang Jianbo Fei Shuyan Guan Yiyong Ma 《Phyton》2022,91(8):1709-1719
To develop cold-tolerant maize germplasms and identify the activation of INDUCER OF CRT/DRE-BINDING FACTOR EXPRESSION (ICE1) expression in response to cold stress, RT-PCR was used to amplify the complete open reading frame sequence of the ICE1 gene and construct the plant expression vector pCAMBIA3301-ICE1-Bar. Immature maize embryos and calli were transformed with the recombinant vector using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformations. From the regenerated plantlets, three T1 lines were screened and identified by PCR. A Southern blot analysis showed that a single copy of the ICE1 gene was integrated into the maize (Zea mays L.) genomes of the three T1 generations. Under low temperature-stress conditions (4°C), the relative conductivity levels decreased by 27.51%–31.44%, the proline concentrations increased by 12.50%–17.50%, the malondialdehyde concentrations decreased by 16.78%–18.37%, and the peroxidase activities increased by 19.60%–22.89% in the T1 lines compared with those of the control. A real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the ICE1 gene was ectopically expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves of the T1 lines. ICE1 positively regulates the expression of the CBF genes in response to cold stress. Thus, this study showed the successful transformation of maize with the ICE1 gene, resulting in the generation of a new maize germplasm that had increased tolerance to cold stress. 相似文献
14.
Seedlings of Taxus chinensis var. mairei were used as experimental materials to study the adaptation of Piriformospora indica to this plant under water stress. The materials were divided into two groups, namely, with or without inoculation with P. indica. Each group was subjected to four different levels of water stress. Vitality and physiological and biochemical indexes of the roots of T. chinensis var. mairei were regularly measured. Under water stress, T. chinensis var. mairei had significantly decreased root vitality; root vitality was higher in inoculated roots than in uninoculated roots. Under intense water stress, the inoculated roots had a higher soluble sugar content than the uninoculated roots. Under water stress, T. chinensis var. mairei experienced decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes. The activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and alcohol dehydrogenase initially increased and then decreased, whereas that of lactate dehydrogenase increased. The inoculated roots had a higher activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes than the uninoculated roots. As water stress was further intensified, the roots had significantly decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and significantly increased activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes. The activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes decreased faster in the uninoculated roots than in the inoculated roots. This study demonstrated that Piriformospora indica plays a positive role in enhancing the antihypoxic ability of T. chinensis var. mairei, thereby alleviating plant damage due to water stress. 相似文献
15.
Yan Li Renquan Huang Jianrong Li Xiaozhen Huang Xiaofang Zeng Degang Zhao 《Phyton》2021,90(1):111-127
Plant architecture is a vital agronomic trait to control yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). A dwarf and small seed 1 (dss1) mutant were obtained from the ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized progeny of a Guizhou glutinous landrace cultivar, Lipingzabianhe. The dss1 mutant displayed phenotypes similar to those of brassinosteroid (BR) deficient mutants, such as dwarfing, dark green and rugose erect leaves, small seeds, and loner neck internode panicles with primary branching. In our previous study, the underlying DSS1 gene was isolated, a novel allele of OsDWARF (OsBR6ox) that encodes a cytochrome P450 protein involved in the BR biosynthetic pathway by MutMap technology. In this work, we confirmed that a Thr335Ile amino acid substitution residing in DSS1/OsDWARF was responsible for the dwarf, panicle architecture, and small seed phenotypes in the dss1 mutants by genetic transformation experiments. The overexpression of OsDWARF in the dss1 mutant background could not only recover dss1 to the normal plant height and panicle architecture but also rescued normal leaf angles, seed size, and leaf color. Thus, the specific mutation in DSS1/OsDWARF influenced plant architecture, seed size, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. 相似文献
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Xuan Zhou Chongyu Luo Kuixiu Li Dan Zhu Lihui Jiang Lixia Wu Youchun Li Xiahong He Yunlong Du 《Phyton》2022,91(1):13-20
Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Root rot of P. notoginseng is one of the most serious diseases affecting P. notoginseng growth and causes wilted leaves, fewer lateral roots and rotten roots. Root rot is a soil-borne disease, and mainly occurs from June to August in Yunnan Province when the temperatures are high and the air is humid. In this study, the endophytic fungal genus Fusarium isolate E-2018.1.22-#3.2 was obtained from a P. notoginseng embryo. Fusarium isolate E-2018.1.22-#3.2 was identified as Fusarium striatum based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. The fungus was found to have conidiophores and macroconidia, and its ITS, LSU and TEF-1α genes shared 100%, 99.2% and 99% identities with the homologous genes of Fusarium striatum, respectively. Isolate F. striatum E-2018.1.22-#3.2 can cause root rot symptoms, including black, soft roots, fewer lateral roots and leaf wilt, in 93% of the experimental P. notoginseng plants, and could be re-isolated, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. When the P. notoginseng plants were treated with the fungicide pyraclostrobin, isolate F. striatum E-2018.1.22-#3.2 was unable to cause root rot. We have therefore demonstrated that F. striatum E-2018.1.22-#3.2 is able to cause root rot disease in P. notoginseng. This is the first report of root rot disease caused by F. striatum on P. notoginseng in China. 相似文献
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Chengyang Li Lianjun Wang Shasha Chai Yinghua Xu Chong Wang Yi Liu Jian Lei Xiaojie Jin Xianliang Cheng Yuanyuan Yang Xinsun Yang Wenying Zhang 《Phyton》2022,91(8):1779-1793
Fusarium wilt, a disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp batatas (Fob) is an important disease in sweet potato production. Using endophytic bacteria for biological control of sweet potato diseases is one of the important ways. A Bacillus subtilis with antagonistic effect on Fusarium wilt of sweet potato was isolated from soil by confrontation culture. According to the biological characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and physiological and biochemical analysis, the Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 was named. A pot experiment was conducted for the biological control experiment of strain HAAS01, and the endogenous hormone content, antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble protein content, and related gene expressions of sweet potato plants were detected. The results showed that the HAAS01 strain could promote the production of endogenous hormones and resist the infection of plant diseases together with defensive enzymes and upregulation of related gene expressions. In summary, Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 was effective in controlling Fusarium wilt of sweet potato and has potential for application and development. 相似文献