西藏种子植物分布新资料

本文报道了分布于西藏的4个中国新记录种, 即须弥四带芹(Tetrataenium wallichii)、巴洛特栎(Quercus baloot)、尼泊尔姜味草(Clinopodium nepalense)和喜马拉雅耳稃草(Garnotia emodi); 以及24个西藏新记录种, 即翼叶棱子芹(Pleurospermum decurrens)、线叶球兰(Hoya linearis)、尼泊尔菊三七(Gynura nepalensis)、一枝黄花(Solidago decurrens)、拟游藤卫矛(Euonymus vaganoides)、云南木鳖(Momordica subangulata subsp. renigera)、马㼎儿(Zehneria japonica)、攀援胡颓子(Elaeagnus sarmentosa)、四棱猪屎豆(Crotalaria tetragona)、大叶千斤拔(Flemingia macrophylla)、毛喉鞘蕊花(Coleus forskohlii)、独龙木姜子(Litsea taronensis)、长序大苞兰(Bulbophyllum purpureofuscum)、球花石豆兰(B. repens)、黄兰(Cephalantheropsis obcordata)、双角厚唇兰(Dendrobium forrestii)、密花兰(Diglyphosa latifolia)、云南盆距兰(Gastrochilus yunnanensis)、扁茎羊耳蒜(Liparis assamica)、耳唇兰(Otochilus porrectus)、疏花无叶莲(Petrosavia sakuraii)、长序羊角藤(Gynochthodes lacunosa)、黑蒴(Alectra avensis)和赤杨叶(Alniphyllum fortunei), 其中无叶莲科为西藏新记录科, 一枝黄花属(Solidago)、马㼎儿属(Zehneria)、千斤拔属(Flemingia)、鞘蕊花属(Coleus)、密花兰属(Diglyphosa)、无叶莲属(Petrosavia)、羊角藤属(Gynochthodes)、黑蒴属(Alectra)和赤杨叶属(Alniphyllum)等9个属为西藏新记录属。凭证标本均存放于中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN)。     

西藏4种新分布药用植物

在全国第四次中药资源普查试点之西藏自治区墨脱县野外调查中,发现西藏2个新记录属植物——球果藤属(Aspidocarya)与龙珠属(Tubocapsicum),4个新记录种植物——球果藤(Aspidocarya uvifera Hook.f.et Thoms.)、龙珠(Tubocapsicum anomalum)、毛花槭(Acer erianthum Schwer.)和清香藤(Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb.),凭证标本保存于西藏高原生态研究所植物标本室(XZE)。该次发现的植物新记录丰富了西藏的植物区系,更加深入地了解了当地的药用植物资源。     

广东植物区系新资料

报道了广东7个新记录种,即绣球藤、尾囊草、栀子皮、白花过路黄、曲轴黑三棱、线叶玉凤花、丝瓣玉凤花。其中黑三棱科为广东新记录科;尾囊草属、栀子皮属及黑三棱属为广东新记录属。     

西藏兰科一新记录属——冷兰属

对西藏拉萨河流域的兰科植物进行了分类学研究,发现1个西藏新记录属(冷兰属)及属下新记录种(冷兰),并附有新记录种的特征照片。     

中国盘菌目新记录属和种

吉林省盘菌标本的研究中发现1个中国新记录属：威氏盘菌属Wilcoxina,3个中国新记录种：威氏盘菌Wilcoxina mikolae,淡蓝盘菌Peziza saniosa及达德利肉杯菌Sarcoscypha dudleyi,并提供形态特征描述,生境照片、显微结构线条图以及ITS序列的GenBank号。     

中国绿绒蒿属新资料

吉隆沟是喜马拉雅西部最大的水汽通道,水热条件好,地形地貌多样,孕育了丰富的植物多样性。该文报道了在西藏吉隆县发现的中国绿绒蒿属2个中国新记录种——秋花绿绒蒿(Meconopsis autumnalis P. Egan)、美花绿绒蒿(Meconopsis bella Prain)以及1个发表后再次记录到的物种——心叶绿绒蒿［Meconopsis polygonoides (Prain) Prain］。文中提供了形态特征描述、分布及生境,并简要说明了与近似种的区别。该发现丰富了中国西藏植物区系,为中国绿绒蒿属研究提供了新资料。结合过往的调查,作者认为吉隆县的植物多样性调查应减少传统吉隆县沿吉隆藏布到吉隆镇的过度采集,建议向吉隆口岸及两侧深入采集。     

东北地区草本植物1个新记录科和3个新记录属

东北地区位于我国东北部,共有维管束植物164科928属3 103种。根据野外调查结果及相关资料,报道了东北地区草本植物1个新记录科—粟米草科(Molluginaceae)和3个新记录属—粟米草属(Mollugo L.)、牛膝属(Achyranthes L.)和秃疮花属(Dicranostigma Hook. f. et Thoms.),以及对应的3个新纪录种—粟米草(Mollugo stricta L.)、牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata Blume)和秃疮花[Dicranostigma leptopodum(Maxim.) Fedde]。新记录种凭证标本保存于大连自然博物馆植物标本室。这些新记录草本植物的发现,对东北地区生物多样性的研究具有重要意义,为其在我国的地理分布研究提供了新资料。     

中国高等植物省级分布新记录(四)

报道了十字花科、海桐花科、牛栓藤科、柽柳科、堇菜科、旌节花科、安息香科、报春花科、山矾科和百合科共12种1变种植物在我国10个省区的分布新记录。其中吉林分布新记录的有北萱草(HemerocallisesculentaKoidz.),山西分布新记录的有具鳞水柏枝(MyricariasquamosaDesv.)、维西堇菜(ViolamonbergiiW.Beck.)和海乳草(GlauxmaritimaLinn.),陕西分布新记录的有海金子(PittosporumillicioidesMak.)和蒙古堇菜(Violamon-golicaFranch.),甘肃分布新记录的有西域旌节花(StachyurushimalaicusHook.f.&Thoms.exBenth.),江西分布新记录的有缝线海桐(PittosporumperryanumGowda),河南分布新记录的有唐古拉碎米荠(CardaminetangutorumO.E.Schulz),湖北分布新记录的有黄牛奶树(Symplocoscochinchinensis(Lour.)S.Moorevar.laurina(Retz.)Nooteboom),湖南分布新记录的有大花野茉莉(StyraxgrandiflorusGriff.),贵州分布新记录的有少花海桐(Pit-tosporumpauciflorumHook.&Arn.),广西分布新记录的有红叶藤(Roureaminor(Gaerth.)Leenh.)。     

葡萄风信子MaMYB114基因的克隆及功能研究

报道了陕西省种子植物区系新记录的1属、4种及1变种。新记录属为菊科(Asteraceae)的兔耳一枝箭属[Piloselloides(Lessing) C. Jeffrey ex Cufodontis],新记录种及变种分别为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)的单瓣月季花[Rosa chinensis Jacq.var.spontanea(Rehd.et Wils.) Yüet Ku],藤黄科(Clusiaceae)的遍地金(Hypericum wightianum Wall. ex Wight et Arn.),八角枫科(Alangiaceae)的小花八角枫(Alangium faberi Oliv.),菊科(Asteraceae)的兔耳一枝箭[Piloselloides hirsuta(Forsskal) C. Jeffrey ex Cufodontis],莎草科(Cyperaceae)的溪生薹草(Carex fluviatilis Boott)。标本均存放于陕西省西安植物园植物标本馆(XBGH)。     

中国番荔枝科省级分布新记录

报道了11种番荔枝科植物在我国6个省区的新分布,其中福建分布新记录是喙果皂帽花(Dasymaschalon rostratum);广东分布新记录是海南鹰爪(Artabotrys hainanensis);海南分布新记录是上思瓜馥木(Fissistigmas,Shangtzeense)和天堂瓜馥木(F.tientangense)：广西分布新记录是海南鹰爪、喙果鹰爪(A．rhynchocarpus)、云南澄广花(Orophea yunnanensis)、陵水暗罗(Polyalthia nemoralis)和腺叶暗罗(P.simiarum);云南分布新记录是天堂瓜馥木、澄广花(O．hainanensis)和瘤果紫玉盘(Uvara kweichowensis);西藏分布新记录是云南野独活(Miliusa tenttistipitata)。     

中国西藏兰科植物新资料

东喜马拉雅地区是全球生物多样性的热点区域,西藏为其重要组成单元,明确该地区本底植物资源及地理分布对区域植物区系研究有着重要意义。该文报道了笔者在西藏考察中发现的西藏兰科(Orchidaceae)植物5个新记录属,即美柱兰属(Callostylis Blume)、异型兰属(Chiloschista Lindl.)、蛇舌兰属(Diploprora Hook. f.)、带叶兰属(Taeniophyllum Blume)和宽距兰属(Yoania Maxim.)。对应的5个新记录种,即美柱兰(Callostylis rigida Bl.)、异型兰(Chiloschista yunnanensis Schlechter)、蛇舌兰 [Diploprora championii(Lindl.)Hook. f.]、毛莛带叶兰(Taeniophyllum retrospiculatum King & Pantl.)和印度宽距兰(Yoania prainii King & Pantl.)。该文还附有新记录属、种的形态描述和特征图片。该研究结果进一步丰富了中国植物区系资料,拓宽了西藏兰科植物的记录,并对西藏及毗邻地区兰科植物多样性保护具有重要价值。     

东北地区木本植物一个新记录属和五个新记录种

东北地区位于我国东北部,地处欧亚大陆东部,地域辽阔,植物种类丰富,共有维管束植物164科928属3 103种。该文根据野外调查结果及相关资料,报道了东北地区木本植物1个新记录属是黄连木属(Pistacia L.)(漆树科Anacardiaceae)和5个新记录种,分别是黄连木(Pistacia chinensis)、野皂荚(Gleditsia microphylla)、东北忍冬(Lonicera elisae)、郁香忍冬(L.fragrantissima)、毛叶水栒子(Cotoneaster submultiflorus)。该文报道的新记录种凭证标本保存于大连自然博物馆植物标本室。这些新记录木本植物的发现,对东北地区生物多样性的研究具有重要意义,为其在我国的地理分布研究提供了新资料。     

Biological diversity in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico

A general overview of the biological knowledge of the floristic province of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley in central-southern Mexico is presented. Floristic and faunistic richness and endemism, as well as uses of the flora are analyzed and discussed for this area, recently declared a biosphere reserve. The analysis shows that, in approximately 10 000 km² the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley contains between 10 and 11.4% of the Mexican flora. In addition, the valley possesses 365 endemic species that represent 13.9% of its flora. With respect to the fauna diversity, the available information is less comprehensive than for plants. Nevertheless, the study shows that the 11 species of amphibians, 48 species of reptiles, and 91 species of birds recorded for the valley surpasses the diversity found in other dry-lands of the world. In relationship to the mammals of the region, the available data are poor for most of the groups except for bats, for which 24 species have been reported. Regarding the use of the flora, the analysis revealed that 815 species are utilized by the people in the valley. A discussion related to future research activities is also included.     

Diatoms as indicators of river quality in the Nepalese Middle Hills with consideration of the effects of habitat-specific sampling

1. Using a replicated survey design at the catchment scale, we compared the composition and diversity of diatom communities in three stream groups in the Middle Hills of Nepal: semi-natural reference (Arun Valley), enriched by agricultural runoff (Likhu Khola) and grossly polluted by sewage (Kathmandu Valley). We sampled riffles at all sites; in the Kathmandu Valley and Likhu Khola we also sampled diatoms in pools and on vegetation.
2. Species richness and diversity H' were significantly higher in agricultural streams than in either organically polluted streams or references. Community composition, as shown by principal components analysis, varied significantly between all three stream types due to differences in the abundances of species characteristic of organic enrichment (Kathmandu Valley), moderate enrichment (Likhu Khola) or undisturbed hillstreams (Arun Valley).
3. Few species varied in relative abundance between pools, riffles and vegetation so that variations in community composition and diversity were stronger between stream groups than between habitats. Samples from any one habitat produced only 75.7% (± 8.6 SD) of the species from three habitats, so that surveys aimed at recording biodiversity may need more comprehensive habitat coverage than surveys for biomonitoring.
4. We conclude that diatom communities can indicate different sources of pollution in Nepalese streams, and advocate further studies to develop this indicator potential over a wider area of the Himalaya. Comparisons between replicate groups of streams selected a priori helped to clarify effects which were sometimes obscured by other survey designs.     

云南干热河谷植被与环境研究进展

特殊的地理位置和独特的地形地貌特征组合形成了典型的干热气候环境, 在云南省亚热带高原山地河谷下部发育了一类特有的植被类型, 即干热河谷植被。干热河谷植被具有非地带性和稀有性, 以及由土地利用变化为主的人为活动干扰导致的脆弱性。本文回顾了干热河谷植被的研究历史, 分别从干热河谷的植物群落学和植物区系学、干热河谷植被与土地的关系以及干热河谷植被保护与恢复三个方面进行了总结。植物群落与区系研究主要集中于群落分类、植被分类、群落特征、人为干扰影响、区系特征、性质和起源; 植被与土地关系研究侧重于土壤特性、土地利用/覆盖变化、土地退化及水土流失状况; 植被保护与恢复的热点在植被恢复目标、植被恢复功能区划、植被恢复引种及筛选及植被恢复效益评价研究。未来在这些区域应注重自然灾害及预防、水电工程建设对植被的影响及其响应等方面的研究, 深入开展大尺度植被时空格局的监测和动态服务功能分析。     

Diatoms as indicators of river quality in the Nepalese Middle Hills with consideration of the effects of habitat-specific sampling

1. Using a replicated survey design at the catchment scale, we compared the composition and diversity of diatom communities in three stream groups in the Middle Hills of Nepal: semi-natural reference (Arun Valley), enriched by agricultural runoff (Likhu Khola) and grossly polluted by sewage (Kathmandu Valley). We sampled riffles at all sites; in the Kathmandu Valley and Likhu Khola we also sampled diatoms in pools and on vegetation.
2. Species richness and diversity H' were significantly higher in agricultural streams than in either organically polluted streams or references. Community composition, as shown by principal components analysis, varied significantly between all three stream types due to differences in the abundances of species characteristic of organic enrichment (Kathmandu Valley), moderate enrichment (Likhu Khola) or undisturbed hillstreams (Arun Valley).
3. Few species varied in relative abundance between pools, riffles and vegetation so that variations in community composition and diversity were stronger between stream groups than between habitats. Samples from any one habitat produced only 75.7% (± 8.6 SD) of the species from three habitats, so that surveys aimed at recording biodiversity may need more comprehensive habitat coverage than surveys for biomonitoring.
4. We conclude that diatom communities can indicate different sources of pollution in Nepalese streams, and advocate further studies to develop this indicator potential over a wider area of the Himalaya. Comparisons between replicate groups of streams selected a priori helped to clarify effects which were sometimes obscured by other survey designs.     

How Does Restoration of Native Canopy Affect Understory Vegetation Composition? Evidence from Riparian Communities of the Hunter Valley Australia

Restoration of native vegetation often focuses on the canopy layer species, with the assumption that regeneration of the understory elements will occur as a consequence. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of canopy restoration on the composition and abundance of understory plant species assemblages along riparian margins in the Hunter Valley, NSW, Australia. We compared the floristic composition (richness, abundance, and diversity) of understory species between nonrevegetated (open) and canopy revegetated plots across five sites. A number of other factors that may also influence understory vegetation, including soil nutrients, proximity to main channel, and light availability, were also measured. We found that sites where the canopy had been restored had lower exotic species richness and abundance, as well as higher native species cover, but not native species richness, compared with open sites. Multivariate analysis of plots based on plant community composition showed that revegetated sites were associated with lower total species diversity, light availability, and exotic cover. This study has found that the restoration of the canopy layer does result in lower exotic species richness and cover, and higher native species cover and diversity in the understory, a desirable restoration outcome. Our results provide evidence that restoration of native canopy species may facilitate restoration of native understory species; however, other interventions to increase native species richness of the understory should also be considered as part of management practice.     

云南怒江河谷种子植物区系的特有现象

怒江是我国西南地区重要的大河之一,研究其河谷植物区系特有现象对于认识该区植物区系的特点、发生和演变以及生物多样性保护等具有十分重要的意义。本文采用样方调查和样线调查法,沿怒江河谷从最南端的中缅边境(木城)到滇藏交界地区(秋那桶)对云南怒江河谷的种子植物进行了实地调查,并通过查阅文献和标本鉴定,统计得到该区域野生种子植物164科776属1718种。其中东亚特有科4科,中国特有属1属,中国特有种316种(含68种云南特有种,包括怒江河谷特有种3种)。对该区域种子植物区系及特有性研究结果显示,其种子植物区系地理成分复杂,与其他地区植物区系联系广泛,并具有强烈的热带性;该区域种子植物科、属、种的特有性均不显著,科级特有现象表明本区系属于东亚植物区系的一部分;本区域的中国特有种在云南层面与滇西南、滇西北联系密切,在全国层面与南方与西南关系密切,在东亚层面与中国-喜马拉雅地区联系最为紧密。     

福建被子植物分布新记录Ⅱ

在福建省药用植物资源调查中,陆续发现了福建省被子植物地理分布新记录属及种多个,经整理鉴定,本文继续报道5个分布新记录种:卫矛Euonymus alatus、长匍通泉草Mazus procumbens、密花孩儿草Rungia densiflora、翅子罗汉果Siraitia siamensis、美冠兰Eulophia graminea。凭证标本存放于福建中医药大学药用植物标本室。