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1.
Olha Mykhailenko Ivan Bezruk Victoriia Volochai Volodymyr Mishchenko Liudas Ivanauskas Victoriya Georgiyants 《Phyton》2022,91(1):207-221
The numerous studies indicate leaves of plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds that can be a valuable source of compounds used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and the antioxidant property of Crocus speciosus leaves. Primary phytochemical screening of C. speciosus leaves revealed the presence of some following compound categories such as phenolic compounds, aminoacids, saponins, proteins, tannins, triterpenoids, glycosides, polysaccharides. The total flavonoids and phenolic compounds content were determined spectrophotometrically and by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. Antiradical activity was determined by ABTS radical-cation scavenging method, spectrophotometrically. The total amount of flavonoids in C. speciosus leaves was 1.07 ± 0.02 mg RE/g (p < 0.05), the total amount of phenolic compounds was 0.41 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g (p < 0.05). By HPLC-DAD-MS analysis the presence of the mangiferin, chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, kaempferol, hyperoside, and isoquercitin was established for the first time in Crocus leaves. The antiradical activity of C. speciosus leaves extracts was 150.08 ± 4.5 μmol/g (p < 0.05) and its was mainly attributed to phenolic compounds content. The high amounts of flavonoids and antiradical activity in C. speciosus leaves suggests promising phytochemical and pharmacological study of this Crocus species. 相似文献
2.
Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced. At present, the control of P. nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods, with considerable environmental and
health issues. We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) and Magnolia officinalis (MO). On mycelial growth, sporangium formation, and zoospore release of P. nicotianae. Both
extracts inhibited the growth of P. nicotianae, with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92% and 93.92%, respectively, at 40 mg/mL, and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL, respectively. The underlying mechanisms were the
inhibition of sporangium formation, the reduction of zoospore number, and the destruction of the mycelium
structure. At an SBG extract concentration of 16.17 mg/mL, the inhibition rates for sporangia and zoospores were
98.66% and 99.39%, respectively. At an MO extract concentration of 2.87 mg/mL, the production of sporangia
and zoospores was completely inhibited. The hyphae treated with the two plant extracts showed different degrees
of deformation and damage. Hyphae treated with SBG extract showed adhesion and local swelling, whereas treatment with MO extract resulted in broken hyphae. Mixture of the extracts resulted in a good synergistic effect. 相似文献
3.
4.
The lignocellulosic crop Miscanthus spp. has been identified as a good candidate for biomass production. The
responses of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. to salinity were studied to satisfy the needs for high yields in marginal
areas and to avoid competition with food production. The results indicated that the relative advantages of the
tolerant accession over the sensitive one under saline conditions were associated with restricted Na+ accumulation
in shoots. Seedlings of two accessions (salt-tolerant ‘JM0119’ and salt-sensitive ‘JM0099’) were subjected to 0
(control), 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl stress to better understand the salt-induced biochemical responses of genes
involved in Na+ accumulation in M. sinensis. The adaptation responses of genes encoding for Na+
/H+ antiporters,
NHX1 and SOS1 to NaCl stress were examined in JM0119 and JM0099.The cDNA sequences of genes examined
were highly conserved among the relatives of M. sinensis based on the sequencing on approximate 600 bp-long
cDNA fragments obtained from degenerate PCR. These salt-induced variations of gene expression investigated by
quantitative real-time PCR provided evidences for insights of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in
M. sinensis. The expression of NHX1 was up-regulated by salt stress in JM0119 shoot and root tissues. However,
it was hardly affected in JM0099 shoot tissue except for a significant increase at the 100 mM salt treatment, and it
was salt-suppressed in the JM0099 root tissue. In the root tissue, the expression of SOS1 was induced by the high
salt treatment in JM0119 but repressed by all salt treatments in JM0099. Thus, the remarkably higher expression
of NHX1 and SOS1 were associated with the resistance to Na+ toxicity by regulation of the Na+ influx, efflux, and
sequestration under different salt conditions. 相似文献
5.
The present study was conducted to determine the total hypericin contents of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. and Hypericum scabrum L. species
which are naturally distributed in the flora of Siirt province, Turkey. Hypericin
contents of Hypericum species grown in different geographical aspects (North,
South, East, and West), and it was measured at different harvest times (full blooming and post blooming period). In the current study, it has been determined that
total hypericin content varies considerably according to aspects, plant developmental stages (ontogenetic variance), and species. According to species x aspect
interaction, the highest total hypericin content was recorded from the west aspect
(3.13 mg/g) in Hypericum triquetrifolium, while, the lowest hypericin content was
also obtained from the west aspect (1.22 mg/g) in Hypericum scabrum. When the
highest total hypericin content was analyzed according to aspect x species x harvest time interaction, the highest total hypericin content was produced from
Hypericum triquetrifolium at the harvest of west aspect with 5.28 mg/g, while
the minimum amount of hypericin was obtained from the same aspect in Hypericum scabrum with 0.50 mg/g. In species x harvest time interaction, the highest
total hypericin content was obtained from the full bloom (3.10 mg/g) harvest in
Hypericum triquetrifolium, while the lowest hypericin was obtained from the full
bloom (1.26 mg/g) harvest in Hypericum scabrum. The data suggest that the average total hypericin content was 2.26 mg/g in Hypericum triquetrifolium and
1.28 mg/g in Hypericum scabrum. 相似文献
6.
In aquaculture, high-density seaweed farming brings higher economic benefits but also increases outbreaks of diatom felt. The effective control of diatom felt in high-density seaweed farming has always been a research hotspot.
This study selected two potential allelochemicals 2-hydroxycinnamic acid and quinic acid to explore their effects
on a diatom Nitzschia closterium and an economic seaweed Monostroma nitidum. The results showed that
2-hydroxycinnamic acid had better inhibitory effects than quinic acid on the growth, pigment content and photosynthetic efficiency of N. closterium. Their half-maximal inhibitory concentrations at 120 h (IC50–120 h) were
0.9000 and 1.278 mM, respectively. Additionally, these allelochemicals had limited inhibitory effects on the
growth, pigment content and photosynthetic efficiency of M. nitidum before 24 h. To further explore the allelopathic effect of these chemicals, this study focused on the photosystem II energy fluxes of N. closterium. It was
found that 3 mM 2-hydroxycinnamic acid could destroy the whole photosynthetic system by devastating the PSII
reaction centre (RC) before 24 h; however, the same concentration of quinic acid could only down-regulate the
electron transport efficiency by changing the effective antenna size of an active RC and downregulating the PSII
reaction centre density. These experimental results are expected to provide a new strategy to control diatom felt
blooms on the high-density seaweed farming areas. 相似文献
7.
An efficient regeneration system of Rhynchostylis retusa was established to provide technical reference for the
application of tissue culture tube seedlings in production. The mixtures of callus and protocorm from aseptic germination were used as explants. The optimal media of each stage was selected for callus proliferation, protocorm
occurrence and growth, rejuvenation and rooting via a single, complete combination and orthogonal experiment.
The results showed that the optimal medium for callus proliferation, protocorms occurrence and growth was 1/2
Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium adding 50 g·L−1 banana puree, 0.1 mg·L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA),
1.5 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 1.0 mg·L−1 kinetin (KT) with 17.33 proliferation coefficient of callus
and 19.63 occurrence coefficient of buds after 90 days. Then the buds occurred from protocorm were cultured on
1/2 MS medium including 100 g·L−1 banana puree, 1.0 mg·L−1 NAA, 2.0 mg·L−1 6-BA and 0.05 mg·L−1 KT, in
which the proliferation coefficient of callus was 10.32 and occurrence coefficient of buds reached 17.87. In the
further subculture, the same medium was simultaneously used for callus proliferation, protocorm occurrence
and bud growth. The plantlets developed roots in 1/2 MS medium containing 70 mL·L−1 coconut water and
1.5 mg·L−1 NAA with 100% rooting rates after 90 days. The survival rate was more than 90% after domestication
and transplantation. This regeneration protocol will provide technique foundation for protecting wild resource
and developing artificial cultivation. 相似文献
8.
Minghui Niu Heng Zhang Xiangyang Li Zhibao Hu Hongjiao Zhang Zhiru Xu Chunpu Qu Guanjun Liu 《Phyton》2023,92(7):2001-2015
KANADI (KAN) is a plant-specific gene that controlled the polarity development of lateral organs. It mainly acted on the abaxial characteristics of plants to make the lateral organs asymmetrical. However, it had been less identified in woody plants. In this study, the members of the KAN gene family in Populus trichocarpa were identified and analyzed using the bioinformatics method. The results showed that a total of 8 KAN family members were screened out, and each member contained the unique GARP domain and conserved region of the family proteins. Phylogenetic analysis and their gene structures revealed that all KAN genes from P. trichocarpa, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Nicotiana benthamiana could be divided into four subgroups, while the eight genes in P. trichocarpa were classified into three subgroups, respectively. The analysis of tissue-specific expression indicated that PtKAN1 was highly expressed in young leaves, PtKAN6 was highly expressed in young leaves and mature leaves, PtKAN2, PtKAN5, and PtKAN7 were highly expressed in nodes and internodes, PtKAN8 was highly expressed in roots, and PtKAN3 and PtKAN4 showed low expression levels in all tissues. Among them, PtKAN2 and PtKAN6, and PtKAN4 and PtKAN5 might have functional redundancy. Under high nitrogen concentrations, PtKAN2 and PtKAN8 were highly expressed in mature stems and leaves, respectively, while PtKAN4, PtKAN5, and PtKAN7 were highly expressed in roots. This study laid a theoretical foundation for further study of the KAN gene-mediated nitrogen effect on root development. 相似文献
9.
Yan Li Renquan Huang Jianrong Li Xiaozhen Huang Xiaofang Zeng Degang Zhao 《Phyton》2021,90(1):111-127
Plant architecture is a vital agronomic trait to control yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). A dwarf and small seed 1 (dss1) mutant were obtained from the ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized progeny of a Guizhou glutinous landrace cultivar, Lipingzabianhe. The dss1 mutant displayed phenotypes similar to those of brassinosteroid (BR) deficient mutants, such as dwarfing, dark green and rugose erect leaves, small seeds, and loner neck internode panicles with primary branching. In our previous study, the underlying DSS1 gene was isolated, a novel allele of OsDWARF (OsBR6ox) that encodes a cytochrome P450 protein involved in the BR biosynthetic pathway by MutMap technology. In this work, we confirmed that a Thr335Ile amino acid substitution residing in DSS1/OsDWARF was responsible for the dwarf, panicle architecture, and small seed phenotypes in the dss1 mutants by genetic transformation experiments. The overexpression of OsDWARF in the dss1 mutant background could not only recover dss1 to the normal plant height and panicle architecture but also rescued normal leaf angles, seed size, and leaf color. Thus, the specific mutation in DSS1/OsDWARF influenced plant architecture, seed size, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. 相似文献
10.
Abdulkhaliq Alshoaibi 《Phyton》2022,91(1):45-55
Pearl millet (Pennisetum spicatum (L.) Körn.) and maize (Zea mays L.) are C4 grass species grown for feeding humans and animals in Almadinah Almunawwarah, which is in the western part of Saudi Arabia. During the winter, the mean temperature, which drops to 14°C, represents a major problem for the growth of these species in this region. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to investigate the growth response and the photosynthetic performance of P. spicatum and Z. mays under a low temperature stress. The treatments involved daytime and nighttime temperatures of 14/12°C (low temperature) and 24/22°C (optimum temperature). The results indicated that low temperature significantly reduced all growth and physiological parameters, including seed germination, leaf expansion, leaf area, shoot length and root length of the two species compared to those of the control. Additionally, the low temperature significantly decreased the light-saturated assimilation rate (Asat), quantum yield (ϕ), saturated rate of carbon dioxide uptake (Amax) and efficiency of carboxylation on both species compared to those of the control. Moreover, the values of Fv/Fm and the chlorophyll contents of both species were significantly reduced by low temperature compared to those of the control. It can be concluded that both species had little tolerance to low temperatures. 相似文献
11.
Jing Qu Shuang Liu Peng Jiao Zhenzhong Jiang Jianbo Fei Shuyan Guan Yiyong Ma 《Phyton》2022,91(8):1709-1719
To develop cold-tolerant maize germplasms and identify the activation of INDUCER OF CRT/DRE-BINDING FACTOR EXPRESSION (ICE1) expression in response to cold stress, RT-PCR was used to amplify the complete open reading frame sequence of the ICE1 gene and construct the plant expression vector pCAMBIA3301-ICE1-Bar. Immature maize embryos and calli were transformed with the recombinant vector using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformations. From the regenerated plantlets, three T1 lines were screened and identified by PCR. A Southern blot analysis showed that a single copy of the ICE1 gene was integrated into the maize (Zea mays L.) genomes of the three T1 generations. Under low temperature-stress conditions (4°C), the relative conductivity levels decreased by 27.51%–31.44%, the proline concentrations increased by 12.50%–17.50%, the malondialdehyde concentrations decreased by 16.78%–18.37%, and the peroxidase activities increased by 19.60%–22.89% in the T1 lines compared with those of the control. A real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the ICE1 gene was ectopically expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves of the T1 lines. ICE1 positively regulates the expression of the CBF genes in response to cold stress. Thus, this study showed the successful transformation of maize with the ICE1 gene, resulting in the generation of a new maize germplasm that had increased tolerance to cold stress. 相似文献
12.
Xuan Zhou Chongyu Luo Kuixiu Li Dan Zhu Lihui Jiang Lixia Wu Youchun Li Xiahong He Yunlong Du 《Phyton》2022,91(1):13-20
Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Root rot of P. notoginseng is one of the most serious diseases affecting P. notoginseng growth and causes wilted leaves, fewer lateral roots and rotten roots. Root rot is a soil-borne disease, and mainly occurs from June to August in Yunnan Province when the temperatures are high and the air is humid. In this study, the endophytic fungal genus Fusarium isolate E-2018.1.22-#3.2 was obtained from a P. notoginseng embryo. Fusarium isolate E-2018.1.22-#3.2 was identified as Fusarium striatum based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. The fungus was found to have conidiophores and macroconidia, and its ITS, LSU and TEF-1α genes shared 100%, 99.2% and 99% identities with the homologous genes of Fusarium striatum, respectively. Isolate F. striatum E-2018.1.22-#3.2 can cause root rot symptoms, including black, soft roots, fewer lateral roots and leaf wilt, in 93% of the experimental P. notoginseng plants, and could be re-isolated, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. When the P. notoginseng plants were treated with the fungicide pyraclostrobin, isolate F. striatum E-2018.1.22-#3.2 was unable to cause root rot. We have therefore demonstrated that F. striatum E-2018.1.22-#3.2 is able to cause root rot disease in P. notoginseng. This is the first report of root rot disease caused by F. striatum on P. notoginseng in China. 相似文献
13.
Gibberellic acid controlled the key developmental processes of the life cycle of landing plants, and regulated the growth and development of plants. In this study, a novel gibberellin receptor gene EuGID1 was obtained from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. The cDNA of EuGID1 was 1556 bp, and the open reading frame was 1029 bp, which encoded 343 amino acids. EuGID1 had the homology sequence with the hormone-sensitive lipase family. Amino acid sequence alignment confirmed EuGID1 protein had the highest homology with the GID1 protein of Manihot esculenta. EuGID1 was located in the nucleus and cell membrane and had expression in four plant organs. Overexpression of EuGID1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants promoted plant elongation and increased siliques yield. 相似文献
14.
Oliver Tusevski Marija Todorovska Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva Marina Stefova Sonja Gadzovska Simic 《Phyton》2023,92(3):921-941
Three Hypericum perforatum hairy root lines (HR B, HR F and HR H) along with non-transformed roots were analyzed for phenolic compounds composition and in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties. In silico molecular modeling was performed to predict the interactions of the most representative phenolic compounds in HR clones with enzymes related to depression, neurodegeneration and diabetes. Chromatographic analyses revealed that HR clones represent an efficient source of quinic acid and hydroxybenzoic acids, epicatechin and procyanidin derivatives, quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, as well numerous xanthones. In vitro antidepressant activity of HR extracts through monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibition was attributed to the production of oxygenated and prenylated xanthones. The neuroprotective potential of HR extracts was related to the accumulation of quercetin 6-C-glucoside, epicatechin, procyanidins and γ-mangostin isomers as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Vanillic acid and prenylated xanthones in HR clones as promising inhibitors of tyrosinase additionally contributed to the neuroprotective activity. Five preeminent xanthones in HR (γ-mangostin, mangiferin, garcinone C, garcinone E and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-6-metoxy-8-prenyl xanthone) along with the flavonol quercetin 6-C-glucoside effectively inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase indicating the antidiabetic properties of HR extracts. Transgenic roots of H. perforatum can be exploited for the preparation of novel phytoproducts with multi-biological activities. 相似文献
15.
Pinus elliottii is an exotic afforestation pine extensively distributed in
southern parts of China. In order to understand whether endophytic fungi can
affect seedling growth of P. elliottii, Piriformospora indica (Pi), Funnelifcrmis
mosseae (Fm), and Diversispora tortuosa (Dt) were inoculated respectively,
and the non-inoculated group was set as control. The growth indexes, the contents
of soluble sugar and soluble protein, and plant endogenous hormone levels in the
leaves of P. elliottii, were analyzed. The results showed that Fm, Dt and Pi colonized
the P. elliottii roots to form mycorrhizal structure and chlamydospores
arranged in beads respectively. Three fungal inoculants exhibited the stimulated
growth responses, whilst Dt illustrated the most positive effect on plant height, single
fresh weight, trunk diameter and root system structure, compared with the control.
On the other hand, the soluble sugar and soluble protein contents were
increased distinctively in mycorrhizal plants. The endogenous IAA, GA3, ZR contents
were increased, while the ABA contents were reduced in mycorrhizal plants
versus non-mycorrhizal plants. The fungi-induced endogenous hormone changes
triggered plant growth improvement of P. elliottii seedlings. This research unraveled
the positive effect of AM fungi and P. indica on growth of pine seedlings, while,
more application of endophytic fungi to fields needs to be explored. 相似文献
16.
Aconitum vilmorinianum, a well-known traditional Chinese herb, is recently being threatened by overexploitation
and environment disturbance. This study was conducted to provide propagation methods through in vitro germination and explant cultivation. Germination was stimulated up to 66.00% on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.1 mg L−1 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 30 g L−1
sucrose. Three bacteria (Pantoea agglomerans, Erwinia persicina, and Pseudomonas tolaasii) would be responsible
for consistent contamination during germination. The latter two were effectively eradicated after disinfected. The
influence of explant types and hormone combinations on direct and indirect organogenesis was evaluated in the
present work. The frequency of shoot induction from axillary bud explants was 100% on the MS fortified with
2.0 mg L−1 BAP and 0.3 mg L−1 NAA. Shoots multiplication was optimized on MS medium supplemented with
0.1 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.1 mg L−1 NAA. High callus induction percentage (96.67%) was obtained
from stem segments on MS medium with 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D, then successfully regenerated into shoots on MS medium in the presence of 0.1 mg L−1 TDZ and 0.2 mg L−1 NAA. The present work could be useful for the utilization
and conservation of this valuable species. 相似文献
17.
<i>In Vitro</i>-Propagation of <i>Agave tequilana</i> Weber cv. azul in a Temporary Immersion System
Otilio Vázquez-Martínez Héctor Gordon Núñez-Palenius Eugenio M. Pérez-Molphe Balch Mauricio Valencia-Posadas Luis Pérez-Moreno Graciela M. L. Ruiz-Aguilar M. Gómez-Lim 《Phyton》2022,91(1):83-96
In Mexico, there is a need to produce large quantities of plantlets for the establishment and replanting of blue (cv. azul) agave production areas. Most of these plots are within the origin denomination area (DOT, Spanish acronym) of the distilled product of this plant, known as tequila. The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro-propagation protocol for Agave tequilana Weber cv. azul using segmented stems in both: solid and liquid media. A disinfection and in vitro technique were developed to obtain shoots, through plantlets collected in commercial plots, which attained 100% surface-disinfection and budding rate. At the multiplication stage, the effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) (0.0, 4.4 and 13.2 μM) and kinetin (0.0, 9.4, 18.8 and 37.6 μM) were evaluated on lateral-shoot production of segmented sagittal stems. These were cultivated on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium, with the addition of 3.0% sucrose and 8 g L−1 agar. It was observed that BA and kinetin increased the number of shoots per explant, obtaining up to 18 and 26, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that just the sagittal segmentation of explants increased axillary budding. On the other hand, segmented-stem bases were grown in MS liquid medium with 3.0% sucrose, inside a RITA® system, programmed by a 5 min immersion step with a frequency of every 4 h. The effect of Indole−3-Acetic acid (IAA) (0.57, 2.9, 5.7 μM) was evaluated, while maintaining a concentration of BA (13.2 μM). It was observed that the greatest concentration of IAA led to the formation of more than 20 buds per explant. These results offer a new methodology to increase the efficiency of A. tequilana Weber cv. azul-in vitro multiplication by sagittal segmentation of stems and the addition of BA and/or IAA. 相似文献
18.
Brassica rapa var. rapa (turnip) is an important crop in Qinghai-Tibet
Plateau (QTP) with anti-hypoxic effect. Turnip is rich in glucosinolates,
isothiocyanates and phenolic compounds with diverse biological activities,
involving anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial,
hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and analgesic
properties. In this study, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and butanol parts of Brassica
rapa were first revealed with inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, whereas the water
part was inactive. Subsequent bioassay-guided isolation on the EtOAc and butanol
parts yielded 12 compounds, involving three indole derivatives, indole-3-
acetonitrile (1) 4-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile (2) and indole-3-aldehyde (3) two
flavonoids, liquiritin (4) and licochalcone A (5) two phenylpropanoids, sinapic acid
(6) and caffeic acid (7) two phenylethanol glycosides, 2-phenylethyl β-
glucopyranoside (8) and salidroside (9) and three other compounds, syringic acid
(10) adenosine (11) and (3β, 20E)-ergosta-5, 20 (22)-dien-3-ol (12) Licochalcone
A (5) and caffeic acid (7) showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values
of 62.4 ± 8.0 μM and 162.6 ± 3.2 μM, comparable to the positive control, acarbose
(IC50 = 142 ± 0.02 μM). Docking study suggested that licochalcone A (5) could
well align in the active site of α-glucosidase (docking score = -52.88) by forming
hydrogen bonds (Gln1372, Asp1420, Gln1372, Arg1510), hydrophobic effects
(Tyr1251, Tyr1251, Trp1355, Phe1560, Ile1587, Trp1355, Phe1559, Phe1559) and
π-π stacking interaction (Trp1355). This study provides valuable information for
turnip as a new resource in searching anti-diabetic candidates. 相似文献
19.
20.