乳酸杆菌的质粒及耐药性质粒

乳酸杆菌的质粒及耐药性质粒中国药品生物制品检定所北京１０００５０李健袁佩娜乳酸杆菌是人类等脊椎动物消化道和生殖道等的正常菌群之一,同时也存在于一些昆虫体内,在植物中也有发现。乳酸杆菌可以产生多种维生素、蛋白质等物质,还可以调节宿主免疫功能,具有重要的...     

细菌质粒的稳定性

引言 质粒稳定性在微生物遗传工程研究和生产中占有十分重要的地位,只有构建高表达同时高稳定的重组质粒才能达到高产的目的。 一般的说,在没有选择压力时培养含质粒细胞若干代,出现无质粒细胞即是质粒不稳定。     

农杆菌Ti质粒的改造及其衍生的质粒载体

Ti质粒是农杆菌介导基因转化的重要部件,它是农杆菌染色体外的遗传物质。野生型Ti 质粒虽然是植物基因工程的一种天然载体,但把它用作常规的克隆载体却存在4点缺陷,为了使Ti质粒适于基因工程的需要,必须对其进行改造。改造Ti质粒方法目前有:共整合载体和双元载体。     

谷氨酸棒状杆菌质粒pXZ 10145的限制酶图谱和嵌合质粒的组建

从谷氨酸棒状杆菌中已经分离到质粒pxzl0145,该质粒带有氯霉素抗性。通过电子显微镜和BamH I酵切后在1％琼脂糖凝胶电泳上测定pXZl0145质粒的大小为5．3kb。用Bam—HI、PstI、EcoRI、saII等限制酶进行酶切,并用BamH I+sa1 I、BamH I+Pst I、Pst I+sal I、EcoR I+Pst I、EcOR I+BamH I等双重酶切,得到pxzlol45限制性内切酶的图谱。证明BamH I和Pst I为单一酶切点。将pxzl0 145与pBR322利用BamH I切点连接得到一嵌台质粒pxz34。这一质粒能在大肠杆菌中复制,在大肠杆菌中表现有氨苄青霉素和氯霉素的抗性,但是抗氯霉素的能力大大降低,只抗2Y／ml。     

分枝杆菌质粒的研究进展

分枝杆菌质粒的研究进展张天民（武汉冶金医学高等专科学校,武汉４３００８０）质粒（ｐｌａｓｍｉｄ）为细菌胞浆中独立于染色体外的遗传单位,它能自主复制。质粒以环状双链ＤＮＡ形式存在,分子链末端以共价键与各自的另一粘末端相结合,呈闭合环或共价闭合环（ｃｏｖ...     

Plasmid diversity in senescent and nonsenescent strains of Neurospora

Summary A sample of 171 natural isolates of Neurospora crassa and Neurospora intermedia was tested for senescence. Of these, 28 strains senesced within the duration of the experiment. These senescent strains, together with a selection of nonsenescent strains, were examined for the presence of mitochondrial plasmids. This was done by digesting mitochondrial DNA preparations with proteinase K, and running these samples on agarose gels. Most of the strains examined, both senescent and nonsenescent, contained plasmids, many of them new. Some new plasmids were linear, as inferred from their resistance to 5 exonuclease and sensitivity to 3 exonuclease. New circular plasmids were also found. Some strains carry several plasmids, and mixtures of circular and linear elements were common. A cross-homology study was performed on a sample of plasmid-bearing strains, and several cases of apparent relatedness were found, some between strains from distant geographical locations. Linear plasmids homologous to the maranhar linear senescence plasmid were quite common. A new member of the LaBelle circular plasmid homology group was found. In the sample tested for homology, no strains contained elements related to the kalilo linear senescence plasmid. The relationship of the new plasmids to senescence is not known. In addition to plasmid monomers, several different types of derivatives were found. The kalilo linear plasmid was found to occur in linear and circular forms of low mobility, presumed to be giant concatamers, and, in some strains, variant sibling structures and ladders of short derivatives were found. Circular plasmids also gave rise to extensive ladders on electrophoresis, probably representing different relaxation states and head-to-tail concatameric series. Some such forms migrated more slowly than mitochondrial DNA. One unique type of plasmid modification observed was a pair of linear elements that had apparently arisen de novo which showed homology to a circular plasmid.     

双质粒系统共表达大肠杆菌肉碱脱水酶基因caiB及其辅酶合成基因caiE

caiB基因和caiE基因分别编码肉碱脱水酶及其辅因子合成酶 ,两者的共表达可以获得高活性肉碱脱水酶的重组菌。分别用两相容性质粒和不相容质粒共表达肉碱脱水酶及其辅酶合成基因 ,并对两种方法进行了比较。经IPTG诱导 ,相容性双质粒系统中两基因表达量分别占菌体总蛋白质的 17%和 10 % ;不相容性双质粒系统中两基因表达量分别占菌体总蛋白质的 39%和 2 0 %。共转化菌的酶活力比pET2 8caiB单质粒转化菌均提高 2 .3倍左右。两种双质粒转化系统相似 ,都需在外界抗生素选择压力下保持质粒稳定性     

Comparison of fungal communities among ten macrophyte rhizospheres

The fungal community composition, size and several physico-chemical properties were individually investigated in ten macrophyte rhizospheric substrates using nested PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and soil chemical methods. Results indicated that both Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes were dominant fungi in macrophyte rhizospheric substrates, and denitrifying fungi (Fusarium graminearum) was found in nine of ten macrophyte rhizospheres. Fungal Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) and richness (S) in Thalia dealbata, Typha latifolia, Iris hexagona and Hemerocallis aurantiaca rhizospheres were higher than those in other six rhizospheres. Fungal number and biomass were 1.91 × 10³ CFUs g^?1 dw and 1.53 μg ergosterol g^?1 dw in Iris pseudacor rhizosphere, and were greater than in other nine rhizospheres. The correlation analysis showed that fungal number and biomass significantly and positively correlated to total soil phosphorus, while fungal H and S were significantly and negatively correlated to total organic carbon. The principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the fungal community significantly divided ten macrophyte rhizospheres into four groups, showing the significant difference of fungal communities among ten rhizospheric substrates. The current study revealed for the first time the importance of rhizospheric fungal community in distinguishing macrophyte rhizospheres, thus will undoubtedly widen our insight into fungal communities in aquatic rhizospheres.     

Indigenous organophosphate-degrading (opd) plasmid pCMS1 of Brevundimonasdiminuta is self-transmissible and plays a key role in horizontal mobility of the opd gene

A fosmid library of the 66kb indigenous organophosphate-degrading (opd) plasmid pCMS1 of Brevundimonas diminuta was tagged with mini-transposon EZTn5 , to determine its sequence using transposon-specific primers. The sequence revealed the presence of a number of tra genes suggesting their role in conjugal transfer of pCMS1. Consistent with the presence of the tra genes, the B. diminuta plasmid, pCMS1::tet, generated by replacing the opd gene with opd::tet, served as a donor for transferring pCMS1::tet into recipient strain Pseudomonas putida. The self-transmissibility of the opd-containing plasmid pCMS1 and the existence of identical opd genes on otherwise dissimilar plasmids suggests a probable role of indigenous opd plasmids like pCMS1 in transferring the opd gene among soil bacteria.     

Confirmation by using mutant strains that the membrane-bound H+-ATPase is the major source of non-linear dielectricity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Non-linear dielectric spectroscopy is a novel technique for determining the activity of (predominantly) membranous enzymes as their ability to generate harmonics when excited with a sinusoidal electrical field. In washed suspensions of yeast cells, the ability to generate harmonics is inhibited by low concentrations of sodium vanadate, suggesting that the vanadate-sensitive H⁺-ATPase is the major source of the non-linear dielectricity. This conclusion is greatly strengthened by the demonstration herein that the generation of harmonics by a strain containing a vanadate-resistant H⁺-ATPase is also highly resistant to sodium metavanadate.     

Endophyte research: going beyond isolation and metabolite documentation

Many fungi belonging to mostly Ascomycota inhabit living tissues of plants of all major lineages without causing any visible symptoms. Termed horizontally transmitted endophytes, they have been investigated mostly for their capacity to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. However, many questions regarding the interactions between endophytes and their plant hosts, phytophagous insects and other fungi remain unanswered. This review highlights some of these areas of endophyte biology about which very little or no knowledge exists. Information garnered' using modern methodologies' on these grey areas of ‘endophytism’ (endophytic mode of lifestyle) would help immensely in understanding the evolution of endophytes of aerial plant tissues and in exploiting endophytes in various fields of biotechnology.     

A Free Radical Ubiquitously Associated with Senescence in Plants: Evidence for a Quinone

The interpretation of EPR and ENDOR measurements on an organic free radical which appears to be a universal concomitant of senescence in plants is discussed. On the basis of EPR spectra obtained at 95 GHz it is speculated that the radical is derived from a quinone.     

Structure and function of root-inducing (Ri) plasmids and their relation to tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids

The abilities of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes to transform dicotyle-dons and cause crown gall and hairy root disease are caused by the presence of tumor inducing (Ti) and root inducing (Ri) plasmids. During transformation plasmid T-DNA (transferred DNA) is inserted into the plant genome. The T-region is flanked by 25 bp direct repeats, which are essential for transfer. The T-regions contain oncogenes that are expressed in the plants. Some of these code for enzymes that synthesize auxin or cytokinin. Another type, present in Ri plasmids only, appears to impose a high hormone sensitivity on the infected tissue. The T-DNA also contains genes for enzymes synthesizing opines, which the bacteria catabolize. The T-DNA transfer is initiated by the induction of genes in the virulence (vir) region of the plasmid by phenolic compounds secreted by wounded tissue. The products of the vir -genes and of chromosomal genes mediate transfer of T-DNA to the plant cells. Crown gall disease is caused by production of auxin and cytokinin by the transferred T-DNA. The T-DNA of Ri plasmids codes for at least three genes that each can induce root formation, and that together cause hairy root formation from plant tissue. Current results indicate that the products of these genes induce a potential for increased auxin sensitivity that is expressed when the transformed cells are subjected to a certain level of auxin. After this stage the transformed roots can be grown in culture without exogenous supply of hormones.