Seasonal changes in an alpine soil bacterial community in the colorado rocky mountains

The period when the snowpack melts in late spring is a dynamic time for alpine ecosystems. The large winter microbial community begins to turn over rapidly, releasing nutrients to plants. Past studies have shown that the soil microbial community in alpine dry meadows of the Colorado Rocky Mountains changes in biomass, function, broad-level structure, and fungal diversity between winter and early summer. However, little specific information exists on the diversity of the alpine bacterial community or how it changes during this ecologically important period. We constructed clone libraries of 16S ribosomal DNA from alpine soil collected in winter, spring, and summer. We also cultivated bacteria from the alpine soil and measured the seasonal abundance of selected cultured isolates in hybridization experiments. The uncultured bacterial communities changed between seasons in diversity and abundance within taxa. The Acidobacterium division was most abundant in the spring. The winter community had the highest proportion of Actinobacteria and members of the Cytophaga/Flexibacter/Bacteroides (CFB) division. The summer community had the highest proportion of the Verrucomicrobium division and of beta-PROTEOBACTERIA: As a whole, alpha-Proteobacteria were equally abundant in all seasons, although seasonal changes may have occurred within this group. A number of sequences from currently uncultivated divisions were found, including two novel candidate divisions. The cultured isolates belonged to the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-Proteobacteria, the Actinobacteria, and the CFB groups. The only uncultured sequences that were closely related to the isolates were from winter and spring libraries. Hybridization experiments showed that actinobacterial and beta-proteobacterial isolates were most abundant during winter, while the alpha- and gamma-proteobacterial isolates tested did not vary significantly. While the cultures and clone libraries produced generally distinct groups of organisms, the two approaches gave consistent accounts of seasonal changes in microbial diversity.     

Seasonal Changes in an Alpine Soil Bacterial Community in the Colorado Rocky Mountains

The period when the snowpack melts in late spring is a dynamic time for alpine ecosystems. The large winter microbial community begins to turn over rapidly, releasing nutrients to plants. Past studies have shown that the soil microbial community in alpine dry meadows of the Colorado Rocky Mountains changes in biomass, function, broad-level structure, and fungal diversity between winter and early summer. However, little specific information exists on the diversity of the alpine bacterial community or how it changes during this ecologically important period. We constructed clone libraries of 16S ribosomal DNA from alpine soil collected in winter, spring, and summer. We also cultivated bacteria from the alpine soil and measured the seasonal abundance of selected cultured isolates in hybridization experiments. The uncultured bacterial communities changed between seasons in diversity and abundance within taxa. The Acidobacterium division was most abundant in the spring. The winter community had the highest proportion of Actinobacteria and members of the Cytophaga/Flexibacter/Bacteroides (CFB) division. The summer community had the highest proportion of the Verrucomicrobium division and of β-Proteobacteria. As a whole, α-Proteobacteria were equally abundant in all seasons, although seasonal changes may have occurred within this group. A number of sequences from currently uncultivated divisions were found, including two novel candidate divisions. The cultured isolates belonged to the α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria, the Actinobacteria, and the CFB groups. The only uncultured sequences that were closely related to the isolates were from winter and spring libraries. Hybridization experiments showed that actinobacterial and β-proteobacterial isolates were most abundant during winter, while the α- and γ-proteobacterial isolates tested did not vary significantly. While the cultures and clone libraries produced generally distinct groups of organisms, the two approaches gave consistent accounts of seasonal changes in microbial diversity.     

保安湖水体细菌群落结构时空变化特征及驱动因子

为了探究保安湖水体细菌群落结构时空变化特征及驱动因子,研究于2019年春、夏、秋、冬四季采集保安湖水样,使用宏基因组测序技术对保安湖水体细菌群落的组成及多样性变化进行了研究。结果表明:(1)保安湖不同湖区细菌群落组成无显著差异(P>0.05);夏、秋季细菌丰富度、均匀度、香农及辛普森多样性指数均显著高于春、冬季(P<0.05),夏、秋季优势类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobactetiota)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria),而春、冬季变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobactetiota)占主导地位;(2)温度、透明度、pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、叶绿素a及总磷等因素是保安湖水体细菌群落结构变化的重要驱动因子;(3)保安湖细菌群落构建过程在春、夏、秋季由随机性过程主导,在冬季由确定性过程主导;(4)保安湖细菌网络互作具有明显的季节特征,从春季到冬季,保安湖细菌种间相互作用逐渐紧密复杂。综上所述,保安湖水体细菌群落结构具有明显的季节变化特征,温度、透明度、pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数等因素具有驱动水体细...     

不同轮作茬口土壤细菌群落及后茬小麦产量

评估不同轮作模式的生态可持续性和作物生产力,可为调整优化种植结构提供理论依据。设置7个不同轮作作物和周期茬口处理,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定不同轮作茬口的土壤细菌群落丰度,采用16S rRNA基因扩增子高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌群落多样性与物种组成,并测定土壤速效养分状况和后茬小麦产量。结果表明: 与夏玉米茬口相比,不同轮作周期夏花生或夏大豆茬口处理降低了土壤有机碳、无机氮和速效钾含量,显著增加了土壤有效磷含量。不同轮作周期夏花生或夏大豆茬口处理的土壤细菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数显著降低,而群落丰富度和多样性有所增加。不同轮作作物显著改变了土壤细菌群落结构和物种组成。与夏玉米茬口相比,不同轮作周期夏大豆茬口显著增加了后茬冬小麦籽粒千粒重和产量。综上,不同轮作周期夏花生或夏大豆茬口有利于增加土壤有效磷含量和细菌群落多样性,显著改变土壤细菌群落结构,其中,夏大豆茬口对后茬冬小麦产量形成具有积极作用。     

腾格里沙漠东南缘不同生物土壤结皮细菌多样性及其季节动态特征

微生物多样性对于生物土壤结皮在沙漠生态系统中改善局部环境以及提升生态功能具有重要作用。本研究对腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区藻结皮、藓结皮及其下层的四季样品进行了16S rDNA高通量测序, 以期阐明细菌多样性及其在生物土壤结皮演替过程中的季节变化规律。结果表明4种类型样品的细菌丰富度在夏季显著低于其他3个季节。4种类型样品中主要的细菌类群为变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、蓝细菌门等, 其中变形菌门和放线菌门为优势类群, 夏季时变形菌门的相对多度显著高于春季、秋季、冬季, 且在结皮层中相对多度显著高于结皮下层。放线菌门的相对多度在春季、夏季显著高于秋季、冬季, 且结皮下层相对多度高于结皮层。生物土壤结皮演替过程中细菌多样性及其相对多度季节动态变化表明其对沙漠土壤局部环境的变化作出了响应, 这为深入理解生物土壤结皮在沙漠生态系统中的生态功能提供了微生物多样性数据。     

戴云山南坡不同海拔森林土壤微生物功能多样性特征及影响因素

土壤微生物作为森林生态系统的主要分解者,参与土壤养分循环,在维持土壤生态系统功能和服务中发挥着重要作用。探讨不同海拔土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性的季节变化,对维持土壤生态系统稳定具有重要研究价值。以戴云山南坡不同海拔土壤为研究对象(900-1500 m),采用Biolog-ECO微平板法,研究不同海拔土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性的季节变化(夏季与冬季),揭示驱动戴云山不同海拔土壤微生物季节变化的主要因素。结果表明:(1)夏季海拔1400 m区域土壤微生物的碳源利用最强,微生物活性最高。冬季表现为海拔900 m处土壤微生物对碳源利用最强,活性最高。(2)土壤微生物群落对碳源利用特征的研究表明,夏季与冬季中氨基酸类和羧酸类碳源是7个海拔土壤微生物利用的主要碳源,且夏季碳源利用程度高于冬季。(3)冗余分析表明夏季和冬季戴云山南坡7个海拔土壤微生物群落功能多样性均受土壤环境因子驱动,解释量分别为72.63%和44.12%,均高于地形因子的解释量。(4)土壤温度和全钾含量等因子是驱动夏季土壤微生物群落功能多样性变化的主要因素;土壤全钾、全磷、有效磷含量和坡向是驱动冬季土壤微生物群落功能多样性变化的主要因素。海拔和季节变化通过调节土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性,进而影响森林土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性。     

武夷山常绿阔叶林土壤微生物多样性的季节动态

为了解武夷山自然保护区常绿阔叶林土壤微生物群落特征和季节变化,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术分析了土壤微生物多样性的季节响应。结果表明,武夷山常绿阔叶林土壤为典型的南方酸性土壤,有效钾、土壤温度四季内存在显著差异,其他理化指标均无显著差异。土壤中的微生物多样性比较丰富,已鉴定出23门206属细菌和2门17属的古菌。夏季反映细菌总数的Chao指数最高,但反映细菌多样性的Shannon指数比春季低0.21,夏季古菌的Chao指数和Shannon指数分别比冬季高21.7%和0.27%。4个季节共有的细菌和古菌分别占总数的83.1%和70.0%,说明武夷山常绿阔叶林土壤不同季节的核心微生物组成具有很好的稳定性。在门和属水平的聚类树分析表明,春季和冬季的细菌和古菌群落组成最为接近,而夏季与其他3个季节的差异最大。冗余分析和热图分析结果表明,土壤p H是决定和影响细菌和古菌多样性的主要环境因子,有效钾、有效碳和总氮对微生物群落组成均有很大的影响。因此,随季节变化武夷山常绿阔叶林土壤微生物多样性呈现出规律性变化。     

火电厂周边不同生物结皮细菌群落特征差异及其影响因素

为探究大气降尘重金属污染对矿区周边不同类型生物结皮细菌群落结构的影响,利用高通量测序技术分析位于宁东能源化工基地典型火电厂周边的3类生物结皮(藻结皮ZB、混生结皮HB、苔藓结皮TB)和对照(CK,裸土)的细菌丰度和群落结构,并探讨了影响细菌群落结构的环境因子。结果表明: 不同类型生物结皮的理化性质和重金属含量存在差异,且由于生物结皮对大气降尘重金属的富集作用造成各类结皮均达重度污染级别。在相对丰度排名前10的优势细菌门中,芽单胞菌门、蓝细菌门在不同类型生物结皮之间差异显著。细菌群落α多样性由高到低排序依次为CK>TB>HB>ZB。非度量多维排序(NMDS)结果显示,裸土细菌群落与其他3种生物结皮存在明显差异。相关性分析表明,生物结皮演替对细菌群落组成具有显著影响,细菌多样性和组成与pH、养分、重金属含量等密切相关。放线菌门、绿弯菌门相对丰度与pH值呈显著正相关关系,而与全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、Pb、Zn、Cd均呈显著负相关关系;冗余分析结果表明,TN、pH、TP、有机碳(SOC)是影响3种生物结皮细菌群落α多样性以及一些优势菌群相对丰度的主要土壤环境因子,而重金属Pb、Zn、Cd是影响细菌群落结构的主要重金属元素,对细菌群落数量和多样性有抑制或刺激作用。说明pH、重金属和养分是影响结皮细菌群落组成的关键因子。总体而言,长期的重金属富集作用会对生物结皮的细菌多样性和群落组成产生影响。     

基于高通量测序的缢蛏及其养殖池塘菌群结构的季节变化

为探究缢蛏养殖过程中养殖环境和缢蛏体内的细菌群落结构季节变化特征及其与环境因子的相关性,采用高通量测序技术对缢蛏养殖池塘的水体、沉积物及缢蛏内脏团细菌菌群进行了研究.结果表明: 水体中冬季的细菌菌群结构与其他3季差异显著,沉积物和缢蛏内脏团4季的细菌菌群结构均无显著差异.水体各季节细菌群落的Shannon多样性指数无明显差异,沉积物及缢蛏内脏团细菌群落Shannon多样性指数夏季最低,冬季最高.门水平上,蓝细菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门为水体的优势菌群;变形菌门、绿弯菌门和拟杆菌门为沉积物的优势菌群;柔膜菌门和变形菌门为缢蛏内脏团的优势菌群.属水平上,水体冬季的优势菌属为NS3a_marine_group,而其余3季为聚球藻属;沉积物优势菌属为厌氧绳菌科下的一类菌属norank_f_Anaerolineacea和硝化螺旋菌属;内脏团优势菌属为支原体属和弓形菌属.环境因子与菌群的相关性分析表明: 水体的优势菌属聚球藻属与水温、化学需氧量(COD)、PO₄^--P、NH₄⁺-N、pH和透明度呈正相关;沉积物的优势菌属厌氧绳菌科菌属norank_f_Anaerolineacea与COD、水温、总磷呈正相关;缢蛏内脏团的优势菌属支原体属与水温、pH、NH₄⁺-N、PO₄^--P和透明度呈正相关.这表明不同季节的缢蛏养殖池塘及缢蛏体内细菌群落结构及多样性差异较大,水体细菌菌群受养殖环境的影响明显,尤其是水温及氮磷含量.     

广西北部湾茅尾海夏冬季浮游细菌群落结构及其影响因子

海洋浮游细菌在生物地球化学循环过程中具有不可替代的作用。为解析广西北部湾茅尾海夏冬季浮游细菌群落结构及其关键环境影响因子,于2017年6月(夏季)和2017年12月(冬季)在该海域设置7个站点,采集0.5m处表层海水样品,利用16S核糖体RNA (16S rRNA)基因高通量测序技术,分析茅尾海浮游细菌群落结构与多样性。结果表明：茅尾海海域浮游细菌隶属于11个门、36个纲、86个目、188个科和506个属;主要浮游细菌类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 52.47%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes, 17.34%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria, 16.39%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes, 7.54%)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria, 5.38%),共占浮游细菌总丰度的99.12%。北部湾茅尾海夏季浮游细菌群落Chao 1指数和Richness指数均显著(P<0.05)高于冬季。主坐标分析(PCoA)和相似性分析(ANOSIM)结果表明,不同季节浮游细菌群落结构存在极显著差异(R=0.586,P<0.001)。在目分类水平上进行组...     

Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) in Pb–Zn mine sites of central south China

To advance our understanding of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in mining areas, the diversity and composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) and soil chemistry were investigated in Taolin lead–zinc (Pb–Zn) mine tailings (TLT), two fragmented forest patches in a Huayuan Pb–Zn mineland (HY1 and HY2), and a non-polluted forest in Taolin in central south China. Ectomycorrhizal fungal species were identified by morphotyping and sequence analyses of the internally transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA. The two study sites in the Huayuan mineland (HY1 and HY2) were significantly different in soil Pb, Zn, and cadmium (Cd) concentrations, but no significant difference was observed in ectomycorrhizal colonization, ectomycorrhizal fungal richness, diversity, or rank–abundance. In addition, the similarity of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities between HY1 and HY2 was quite high (S?rensen similarity index?=?0.47). Thus, the concentration of heavy metals may not be determining factors in the structure of these communities. In the tailings, however, significantly lower ectomycorrhizal colonization and ectomycorrhizal fungal richness were observed. The amounts of Pb and Zn in the tailing sand were higher than the non-polluted forest but far lower than in HY1. Thus, these heavy metals did not account for the reduced colonization and ectomycorrhizal fungal richness in TLT. The ectomycorrhizal fungal community in TLT was dominated by four pioneer species (Rhizopogon buenoi, Tomentella ellisii, Inocybe curvipes, and Suillus granulatus), which collectively accounted for 93.2?% of root tip colonization. The immature soil conditions in tailing (low N and P, sand texture, and lack of organic matter) may only allow certain pioneer ectomycorrhizal fungal species to colonize the site. When soil samples from four sites were combined, we found that the occurrences of major ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa were not clearly related to the concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd. In conclusion, our results suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in mining areas are not necessarily affected by heavy metals themselves but could be largely determined by soil maturity.     

Contrasting spatiotemporal patterns and environmental drivers of diversity and community structure of ammonia oxidizers,denitrifiers, and anammox bacteria in sediments of estuarine tidal flats

The spatial and temporal patterns of diversity, community structure, and their drivers are fundamental issues in microbial ecology. This study aimed to investigate the relative importance of spatial and seasonal controls on the distribution of nitrogen cycling microbes in sediments of estuarine tidal flats, and to test the hypothesis that metals impact the distribution of nitrogen-cycling microbes in the coastal system. Two layers of sediment samples were collected from three estuarine tidal flats of Laizhou Bay in 2010 winter and 2011 summer. The alpha diversities (Shannon and Simpson indices) and community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), denitrifier and anammox bacteria (AMB) were revealed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analysis of amoA, nosZ and 16S rRNA gene markers. We found that both AOB and AMB exhibited distinct seasonal patterns in either alpha diversity or community turnover; AOA had different alpha diversities in two layers, but neither spatial nor seasonal patterns were found for their community turnover. However, no distinct spatiotemporal pattern was observed for either diversity or community composition of nosZ-type denitrifiers. For correlations between alpha diversities and environmental factors, significant correlations were found between AOB and ammonium, temperature and As, between denitrifiers and nitrite, salinity and Pb, and between AMB and Pb, ratio of organic carbon to nitrogen, ammonium, pH and dissolved oxygen. Salinity and sediment grain size were the most important factors shaping AOB and AOA communities, respectively; whereas AMB community structure was mostly determined by temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and heavy metals As and Cd. These results stress that ammonia oxidizers, denitrifiers and anammox bacteria have generally different distributional patterns across time and space, and heavy metals might have contributed to their differentiated distributions in coastal sediments.     

Bacterial diversity and community structure in an aerated lagoon revealed by ribosomal intergenic spacer analyses and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing

We investigated the bacterial community structure in an aerated plug-flow lagoon treating pulp and paper mill effluent. For this investigation, we developed a composite method based on analyses of PCR amplicons containing the ribosomal intergenic spacer (RIS) and its flanking partial 16S rRNA gene. Community percent similarity was determined on the basis of RIS length polymorphism. A community succession was evident in the lagoon, indicated by a progressive community transition through seven sample locations. The most abrupt changes in community structure were associated with a temperature change from 39 to 35 degrees C and with increases in dissolved oxygen. The temporal differences in community structure, based on summer and winter samplings, were greater than the spatial differences during either season. Clone libraries of rDNA-RIS amplicons were constructed from each of three summer samples. Among 90 clones analyzed (30 clones from each sample), 56 phylotypes were distinguished by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Indices of phylotype richness, evenness, and diversity all increased in clone libraries from the beginning to the end of the lagoon. A representative clone of each phylotype was phylogenetically analyzed on the basis of its partial 16S rRNA gene sequence (ca. 450 bp). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the increase in diversity and further indicated increasing richness of bacterial divisions. Pioneers in the community spatial succession appeared to include thermotolerant, microaerophilic methanol-oxidizing bacteria related to the genus Methylobacillus, as well as thermotolerant, microaerophilic nitrogen-fixing bacteria related to the genus Azospirillum.     

基于高通量测序技术的不同年代公园绿地土壤细菌多样性

【背景】细菌多样性对绿地土壤生态功能有重要作用,但不同年代公园绿地土壤的细菌多样性尚未见相关报道。【目的】研究北京市不同年代公园绿地土壤细菌多样性和群落结构特征。【方法】利用IlluminaMiSeq测序技术,分别对北京市代表性古典公园和现代公园绿地土壤细菌群落多样性进行分析。【结果】北京市公园绿地土壤细菌群落共划分为45个已知的菌门,其中变形菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和放线菌门为优势细菌群。土壤细菌群落α多样性分析结果表明,古典公园和现代公园的土壤细菌多样性存在差异,表现为古典公园的丰富度和多样性都高于现代公园。此外,土壤细菌群落相似性分析和主坐标分析都表明古典公园和现代公园的土壤细菌群落结构存在显著差异。冗余分析表明,对土壤微生物群落结构产生显著影响的环境因子分别为土壤含水量、有机质和全氮,其它土壤环境因子无统计学意义。首次引入公园年代作为影响因子进行冗余分析的研究结果表明,公园年代为影响公园细菌群落多样性的重要因子。【结论】不同年代公园绿地土壤细菌群落结构和物种多样性具有显著差异,随着公园年代的增加,土壤肥力和微生物多样性增加,绿地生态系统更稳定,可通过制定不同的绿地管理措施改变公园绿地土壤环境,进而优化土壤细菌群落结构,促进土壤碳氮养分循环,提高土壤肥力。     

Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure in an Aerated Lagoon Revealed by Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analyses and 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequencing

We investigated the bacterial community structure in an aerated plug-flow lagoon treating pulp and paper mill effluent. For this investigation, we developed a composite method based on analyses of PCR amplicons containing the ribosomal intergenic spacer (RIS) and its flanking partial 16S rRNA gene. Community percent similarity was determined on the basis of RIS length polymorphism. A community succession was evident in the lagoon, indicated by a progressive community transition through seven sample locations. The most abrupt changes in community structure were associated with a temperature change from 39 to 35°C and with increases in dissolved oxygen. The temporal differences in community structure, based on summer and winter samplings, were greater than the spatial differences during either season. Clone libraries of rDNA-RIS amplicons were constructed from each of three summer samples. Among 90 clones analyzed (30 clones from each sample), 56 phylotypes were distinguished by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Indices of phylotype richness, evenness, and diversity all increased in clone libraries from the beginning to the end of the lagoon. A representative clone of each phylotype was phylogenetically analyzed on the basis of its partial 16S rRNA gene sequence (ca. 450 bp). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the increase in diversity and further indicated increasing richness of bacterial divisions. Pioneers in the community spatial succession appeared to include thermotolerant, microaerophilic methanol-oxidizing bacteria related to the genus Methylobacillus, as well as thermotolerant, microaerophilic nitrogen-fixing bacteria related to the genus Azospirillum.     

川西亚高山/高山森林大型土壤动物群落多样性及其对季节性冻融的响应

为了解季节性冻融及其变化对土壤动物群落特征的影响,于2008年11月-2009年10月的冬季(土壤冻融期、冻结期和融化期)及植被生长季节,研究了不同岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)林的大型土壤动物群落特征。共采集大型土壤动物10,763只,隶属于91科。冬季与生长季节土壤动物群落结构存在显著差异:冬季以长角毛蚊科幼虫和尖眼蕈蚊科幼虫为优势类群,大蚊科幼虫、苔甲科和蠓科幼虫等为常见类群;而生长季节以蚁科、隐翅甲科、长角毛蚊科幼虫和异蛩目为优势类群,原铗叭科、蝇科幼虫和石蜈蚣目等为常见类群。土壤动物群落个体密度、类群数量和多样性指数(H’)随冻融格局变化表现出先降低后升高的趋势,在土壤融化期达到了一个明显高峰值。冬季土壤动物以腐食性类群为主,捕食性和植食性功能类群在融化末期(4月25日)和生长季节初期(5月25日)显著增加。研究结果表明冻融循环和冻结作用显著影响土壤动物群落结构,季节转换过程中土壤动物群落的变化可能对深入认识冬季和生长季节生态过程的相互关系具有重要意义。     

Temporal and spatial variations of aquatic environmental characteristics and sediment bacterial community in five regions of Lake Taihu

Sediment bacterial community and their relation with environmental factors were investigated in the five different trophic status lake regions sediment, Meiliang Bay, Wuli Lake, Gonghu Bay, Western Lake Taihu and Xukou Bay in a large, shallow, eutrophic freshwater lake (Lake Taihu, China). Water and surface sediment samples were collected at 35 sampling sites in January 2014 (winter) and July 2015 (summer). The physicochemical characterization showed that there were obvious changes in the trophic status and eutrophic index of five lake regions, which was mainly due to the difference of organic matter source. Based on the analysis of aquatic environmental characteristics, the organic nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen was the main storing form in the overlying water of five lake regions. In addition, nitrate nitrogen in pore water was lower than in overlying water, while ammonia nitrogen in pore water was higher than in overlying water. According to the DGGE profiles, temporal and spatial variations of bacterial community were apparent. Bacterial diversity was higher in summer than in winter and increased with the decrease in the lake region trophic status. The dendrogram of the bacterial community similarities revealed that samples were almost all grouped into two defined clusters (summer and winter), which indicated that season rather than region was the dominant factor. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that ammonia nitrogen and nitrate–nitrite nitrogen in the sediment and pore water, organic matter and temperature significantly influenced the sediment bacterial community in the five lake regions.     

Moderate Warming in Microcosm Experiment Does Not Affect Microbial Communities in Temperate Vineyard Soils

Changes in the soil microbial community structure can lead to dramatic changes in the soil ecosystem. Temperature, which is projected to increase with climate change, is commonly assumed to affect microbial communities, but its effects on agricultural soils are not fully understood. We collected soil samples from six vineyards characterised by a difference of about 2 °C in daily soil temperature over the year and simulated in a microcosm experiment different temperature regimes over a period of 1 year: seasonal fluctuations in soil temperature based on the average daily soil temperature measured in the field; soil temperature warming (2 °C above the normal seasonal temperatures); and constant temperatures normally registered in these temperate soils in winter (3 °C) and in summer (20 °C). Changes in the soil bacterial and fungal community structures were analysed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). We did not find any effect of warming on soil bacterial and fungal communities, while stable temperatures affected the fungal more than the bacterial communities, although this effect was soil dependent. The soil bacterial community exhibited soil-dependent seasonal fluctuations, while the fungal community was mainly stable. Each soil harbours different microbial communities that respond differently to seasonal temperature fluctuations; therefore, any generalization regarding the effect of climate change on soil communities should be made carefully.     

不同季节冬水田紫色土细菌群落的垂直分布规律

【背景】土壤细菌对环境变化非常敏感,是土壤环境质量检测的重要指标。【目的】为研究不同季节冬水田紫色土细菌的垂直分布规律,揭示土壤细菌群落结构和物种多样性与土壤环境因子的相互关系。【方法】以冬水田紫色土为研究对象,分别于2020年8月(夏季)和2021年 1月(冬季)采集不同深度土壤样品,对土壤细菌16S rRNA基因进行Illumina MiSeq高通量测序,分析在不同季节细菌群落组成和多样性的垂直分布规律。【结果】冬水田紫色土细菌ACE指数、Chao1指数和Shannon指数均呈现出夏季高于冬季,并且随土层深度增加呈现降低的趋势。冬水田紫色土优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes),优势菌属为Desulfobacca、Haliangium、Anaeromyxobacter、Candidatus_Omnitrophus和Defluviicoccus。Chloroflexi和Actinobacteria在夏季相对丰度较高,Proteobacteria和Nitrospirae在冬季相对丰度较高;Anaeromyxobacter和Candidatus_Omnitrophus在夏季相对丰度较高,Desulfobacca、Haliangium和Defluviicoccus在冬季相对丰度较高。冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)和环境因子热图分析结果均表明,总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)和土壤氧化还原电位(soil redox potential,Eh)是显著影响紫色水稻土细菌群落的主要因子。【结论】本研究丰富了对冬水田紫色水稻土细菌群落组成和多样性的认识,证实了不同季节冬水田紫色土细菌群落组成和多样性存在差异。