粪便类固醇激素检测准确性的影响因素

近年来,采用非损伤性取样方法监测野生动物的生理状况越来越受到重视。本文对检测过程中影响动物粪便类固醇激素检测准确性的因素进行了分析总结,包括样品的新鲜程度、样品量和保存方法;激素代谢的日节律和季节性变化;动物的年龄、性别和繁殖状态等,以期为粪便类固醇激素检测技术在野生动物中的准确应用提供借鉴。     

大熊猫粪便类固醇激素研究进展

概述了大熊猫粪便样本采集和保存方法,系统总结了大熊猫粪便类固醇激素提取、测定方法和应用研究,对大熊猫粪便类固醇激素的应用进行了展望。     

大熊猫尿液类固醇激素研究现状及展望

概述了大熊猫尿液样本采集和保存方法,系统总结了大熊猫尿液类固醇激素的提取方法、测定方法以及大熊猫尿液类固醇激素在应激反应监测、发情期监测及最佳配种时间选择、雌性卵巢功能和妊娠监测、雄性繁殖力评估等方面的应用研究,结合前人的研究工作,对大熊猫尿液类固醇激素的应用前景进行展望.     

新疆塔里木马鹿粪便激素含量季节性变化的初步研究

目的:检测雄性塔里木马鹿的睾酮,雌鹿的雌二醇、雌三醇、孕酮等粪便激素含量,并比较不同月份之间的变化。方法:利用放射免疫分析法(RIA)在且末和尉犁县马鹿场采集塔里木马鹿粪便,检测了2004年2～12月间塔里木马鹿粪便中的激素水平。结果:粪便性激素水平有明显的季节变化(P<0.05)。雄鹿粪便睾酮水平月间差异显著(P<0.05),浓度在8月有2个高峰。雌鹿粪便雌二醇在3月和6月有2个高峰;粪便孕酮水平在3月有2个高峰,在8月有1个高峰;雌三醇差异不显著,但4月的最高值也显著高于其他各时间点(P<0.05)。结论:利用动物粪便研究激素具有对保护动物完全无伤害、材料收集容易等优点,并且有助于评估动物青春期的健康状况、判断动物排卵方式、早孕检查、产前预测等,因而是目前研究野生珍稀动物性激素的一种较为理想的方法。     

圈养林麝粪便类固醇激素保存时效性研究

用非损伤性采样方法对圈养林麝在三个条件:1)未处理,2)90%甲醇,3)0.9%抗生素,15个时间梯度下(20℃)的粪便中类固醇激素及其代谢物的保存时间及方法进行了比较,结果表明:林麝粪便在室温下(20℃),孕酮及其代谢物48 h有明显的上升趋势;雌二醇、睾酮和皮质醇及其代谢物在18 h均出现显著变化;对比抗生素保存,用甲醇保存是一种较好的保存林麝粪便类固醇激素的方法;然而不同激素用甲醇保存的时间不同,孕酮不宜超过1个月,皮质醇不宜超过半个月,睾酮则不宜超过10天,而雌二醇可以保存2个月之久.     

普氏原羚粪便样品中皮质醇激素保存时效研究

由于采集粪便样品无需对目标动物进行捕捉、限制或影响其行为,检测粪便样品中类固醇激素的方法近几十年来在野生动物保护、行为生态学、生理生态学等诸多领域得到广泛应用。普氏原羚(Procapra przewalskii)由于其种群和行为等方面的特殊性,较难进行直接的生理监测,因此采用间接手段监测其粪便类固醇激素就显得很有必要。为探讨不同保存方法对普氏原羚粪便中皮质醇的影响,我们将采集到的新鲜粪便样品充分混合后分为30份,各取10份分别保存于﹣20℃、4℃和20℃,在保存2、5、7、10、15、20、25、30 d和50 d时,使用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测样品中的皮质醇含量。单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)结果显示,保存于﹣20℃的粪便样品中皮质醇含量在保存50 d内没有显著变化,含量为(11.747±2.951)ng/g(平均值±标准差),(F=1.966,n=81,P0.05),而保存于4℃和20℃的样品则出现明显波动(4℃:F=23.643,P0.05;20℃:F=35.126,P0.05),含量分别为(15.951±6.766)ng/g和(11.042±6.094)ng/g。保存于4℃和20℃的样品中皮质醇含量在24 h内均有上升,在随后的几天逐渐下降。结果表明,﹣20℃冷冻可以简便有效地保存普氏原羚粪便样品中的皮质醇激素。同时,在野外暴露超过24 h的粪便样品会造成测定结果产生误差,在采集样品时要考虑到潜在的影响。     

类固醇激素作用的非基因组效应

类固醇激素作用的非基因组效应崔肇春（大连医科大学生化教研室,大连１１６０２７）关键词类固醇激素非基因组效应六十年代发现了类固醇激素的胞内受体,促进了类固醇激素作用机制的研究。众所周知,类固醇激素作用的途径是它直接进入细胞后,与胞内受体结合成激素－受体...     

近代关于垂体黄体化激素分泌调节的研究

好多年来,就已经认识到垂体促性腺激素的分泌受着环境刺激和性腺类固醇的影响。在某些动物种属中,性交可引起排卵、以及光线可改变动情周期就是环境影响的例证。性腺类固醇对促性腺激素分泌的影响是很复杂的,有人报告,随着情况不同,雌激素和黄体酮,可抑制也可刺激促性腺激素的分泌。这方面的进展,曾由于缺乏灵敏的方法而受到阻碍,近来由于 Parlow 发现了一种高度灵敏的黄体化激素(L.H.)的检定方法,卵巢抗坏血酸降低法,大大地便利了我们对控制这种促激素分泌因素的了解。在这篇讨论中,作者拟就本课题的近代知识加以综述。在评论所用的方法之后,就概述影响促黄体化激素分泌的因素,接着讨论此促激素的神经调节,最后,将对促黄体化激素的调节和其他促性腺激素,卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体刺激素(LTH)的调节之间加以比较。     

大熊猫粪便样本处理与激素萃取方法比较

通过测定圈养动物粪便中的激素水平,监测其发情与怀孕状态和评估其福利状况是目前普遍采用的一种实验手段。然而,现有研究对于圈养野生动物粪便样本的处理及其激素萃取方法存在很大分歧,研究结果也不尽一致。本研究采集了10只(雌∶雄=1∶1)圈养大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的粪便样本,分别采用冷冻干燥-研筛法和冷冻干燥-粉碎法处理粪便样本,然后分别使用80%甲醇、90%乙醇和95%乙醇3种萃取剂进行激素萃取,最后比较2种粪便处理方法和3种溶剂萃取方法所获得的粪便样本中孕酮、雌二醇、睾酮和皮质醇的浓度。结果表明,冷冻干燥-研筛法结合80%甲醇溶液萃取处理的样本中雌二醇和孕酮检测值最高,冷冻干燥-粉碎法结合80%甲醇溶液萃取处理的样本中睾酮检测值最高。冷冻干燥-粉碎法结合90%乙醇溶液萃取处理的样本与冷冻干燥-研筛法结合80%甲醇溶液萃取处理的样本中皮质醇检测值更高,且2种方法的检测结果差异不显著。综合粪便处理难易程度和萃取溶剂性质,建议雌二醇、孕酮和睾酮激素检测根据最高检测浓度的方法进行粪便前处理,皮质醇激素检测使用冷冻干燥-粉碎法结合90%乙醇溶液萃取方法进行粪便前处理。...     

细胞色素P450scc在人早期胎盘中的表达(简报)

人妊娠期间,胎盘合成大量的类固醇激素,与妊娠的启动、维持、分娩以及胎儿的发育均存在密切的关系。阐明胎盘类固醇激素特别是孕酮合成与分泌的调节机制对于寻找理想的生育调控技术和生殖保健方法具有重要的意义。因此,胎盘类固醇激素合成与分泌的调节向来是生殖生物学与妇产科学领域所关注的焦点问题之一,并为此开展了大量的研究,但迄今仍不清楚,其主要原因之一是     

The role and mechanism of growth hormone in the regulation of sexually dimorphic P450 enzymes in rat liver

The determination of sexually dimorphic hepatic steroid metabolism in rat liver has been shown to involve growth hormone. However, the mechanisms by which growth hormone controls the cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for this dimorphic steroid metabolism is largely unknown. In this review we discuss different levels of growth hormone signal transduction, including receptor binding, signal transduction and activation of target genes by growth hormone.     

Sex steroid effects at target tissues: mechanisms of action

Our understanding of the mechanisms of sex hormone action has changed dramatically over the last 10 years. Estrogens, progestins, and androgens are the steroid hormones that modulate reproductive function. Recent data have shown that many other tissues are targets of sex hormones in addition to classical reproductive organs. This review outlines new advances in our understanding of the spectrum of steroid hormone ligands, newly recognized target tissues, structure-function relationships of steroid receptors, and, finally, their genomic and nongenomic actions. Sex-based specific effects are often related to the different steroid hormone mileu in men compared with women. Understanding the mechanisms of sex steroid action gives insight into the differences in normal physiology and disease states.     

RSK in tumorigenesis: Connections to steroid signaling

The Ser/Thr kinase family, RSK, has been implicated in numerous types of hormone-dependent and -independent cancers. However, there has been little consideration of RSKs as downstream mediators of steroid hormone non-genomic effects or of their ability to facilitate steroid receptor-mediated gene expression. Steroid hormone signaling can directly stimulate the MEK/ERK/RSK pathway to regulate cellular proliferation and survival in transformed cells. To date, multiple mechanisms of RSK and steroid hormone receptor-mediated proliferation/survival have been elucidated. For example, RSK enhances proliferation of breast and prostate cancer cells via its ability to control the levels of the estrogen receptor co-activator, cyclin D1. While in lung and other tumors RSK may control apoptosis via estrogen-mediated regulation of mitochondrial integrity. Thus the RSKs could be important anti-cancer therapeutic targets in many different transformed tissues. The recent discovery of RSK-specific inhibitors will advance our current understanding of RSK in transformation and drive these studies into animal and clinical models. In this review we explore the mechanisms associated with RSK in tumorigenesis and their relationship to steroid hormone signaling.     

Mechanism based inhibition of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.

Steroid hormone action can be regulated not only at the receptor level but also by the enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis and degradation of biologically active steroids. Traditionally the pharmacological intervention of steroid hormone action has focused on the development of steroidal and nonsteroidal hormone receptor agonists and antagonists with appropriate pharmacokinetics. Recently, the development of selective inhibitors/inactivators of steroid metabolizing enzymes has gained momentum. This review will concentrate on the development of mechanism-based inhibitors for one class of steroid hormone transforming enzymes, the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.     

鸣禽鸟发声行为的激素调节

讨论了性类固醇激素对鸣食发声行为及其神经回路的影响,从细胞回路水平,行为水平对性激素在幼年鸣食发声学习和成年鸣食鸣啭可塑性中的作用进行了全面论述,介绍了国内外在鸣禽发声这一研究领域的最新进展,对深入开展动物学习记忆神经机制的研究具有借鉴作用。     

Mechanism Based Inhibition of Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Abstract

Steroid hormone action can be regulated not only at the receptor level but also by the enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis and degradation of biologically active steroids. Traditionally the pharmacological intervention of steroid hormone action has focused on the development of steroidal and nonsteroidal hormone receptor agonists and antagonists with appropriate pharmacokinetics. Recently, the development of selective inhibitors/inactivators of steroid metabolizing enzymes has gained momentum. This review will concentrate on the development of mechanism-based inhibitors for one class of steroid hormone transforming enzymes, the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.     

Roles of steroid sulfatase in brain and other tissues

Steroid sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.2) is an important enzyme involved in steroid hormone metabolism. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of steroid sulfates into their unconjugated forms. This action rapidly changes their physiological and biochemical properties, especially in brain and neural tissue. As a result, any imbalance in steroid sulfatase activity may remarkably influence physiological levels of active steroid hormones with serious consequences. Despite that the structure of the enzyme has been completely resolved there is still not enough information about the regulation of its expression and action in various tissues. In the past few years research into the enzyme properties and regulations has been strongly driven by the discovery of its putative role in the indirect stimulation of the growth of hormone-dependent tumors of the breast and prostate.     

The use of embryo transfer and steroid hormone replacement therapy in the study of prenatal mortality

Embryo transfer and steroid hormone replacement therapy have been used to advantage in studies on prenatal mortality, particularly in sheep.The form, timing and magnitude of loss, have been well documented and steroid hormone replacement therapy coupled with embryo transfer has clearly shown the involvement of the ovarian steroid hormones secreted before, during and after estrus in survival and development of embryos.However, little is known of the manner in which the steroid hormones exert their effects on the environment of pre-implantation embryos; a stage when most mortality occurs.     

Minireview: the intersection of steroid receptors with molecular chaperones: observations and questions

An involvement of molecular chaperones in the action and well-being of steroid receptors was recognized early in the molecular era of hormone research. However, this has continued to be a topic of much enquiry and some confusion. All steroid receptors associate with heat shock protein 90, the main character of a series of multiprotein chaperone complexes generally referred to as the "heat shock protein 90 chaperoning machine." Receptor association with chaperones occurs in an ordered, step-wise fashion and is necessary for the maintenance of unliganded receptor in a state ready to bind and respond to hormone. Chaperones additionally modulate how receptors respond to hormone and activate target genes. Although much is known about the participants in this chaperoning process and the consequences of chaperoning, many key questions remain unanswered, particularly those concerning molecular mechanisms, cellular dynamics, and the functions of an array of cochaperone proteins. Here, we point out several areas in need of investigation to encourage new ideas and participants in this burgeoning field.